Public Health Problem Related to Mosquito

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1 Public Health Problem Related to Mosquito Goutam Chandra Ph.D., D.Sc. Professor of Zoology Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units Parasitology Laboratory The University of Burdwan West Bengal India

2 Half of the world population suffers from any or many Vector borne diseases annually

3 Mosquito

4 Mosquito

5 Life cycle of Mosquito 1-2 days Pupae Larvae Eggs 4-5 days 2-3 days Stagnant water

6

7

8 Microfilariae Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

9 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Japanese Encephalitis Virus Dengue Virus Yellow Fever Virus

10 Mosquito borne diseases Malaria

11 Anopheles stephensi Anopheles culicifacies

12 Symptoms Abdominal pain Chills and sweats Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting Headache High fevers Low blood pressure causing Dizziness if moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position Muscle aches Poor appetite

13 Mosquito net to avoid Mosquito bite

14 Filariasis

15 Culex quinquefasciatus

16 Filariasis symptoms

17 Lymphatic Filariasis

18 Filariasis

19 Mansonia annulifera

20 West Nile Fever

21 Bull s eye patterned rash of West Nile Fever

22 Japanese Encephalitis

23 Culex vishnui

24 Children affected by Japanese Encephalitis

25 Japanese Encephalitis infected patients

26 Anopheles barbirostris

27 Mansonia uniformis

28 Mansonia annulifera and its Breeding Place

29 Aedes

30 Dengue, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever

31 Aedes aegypti

32 Aedes albopictus

33 Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever

34

35 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

36 Chikungunya Symptoms Rash

37 Yellow Fever Symptom

38 SAND FLY

39 Kala - azar

40 Put a stop to mosquito bite 1. Use of mosquito net during sleep 2. Use of insecticide impregnated bed nets 3. Fiberglass mosquito netting on the windows 4. Use of repellents a) Synthetic Odomos (N, N-diethyl-benzamide), pyrethroids like allethrin, deltamethrin etc. b) Natural- Neem oil with mustard oil (Chatterjee, Banerjee and Chandra, 1996)

41 Mosquito control 1. Reduction of breeding places of mosquito and reduction of mosquito immatures in their breeding places 2. Spraying insecticides to kill mosquitoes 3. Environmental management 4. Biological control by different organisms

42 BREEDING PLACES SUBMERGED FIELDS

43 USED TYRES

44 Unused water holding containers with mosquito larvae

45 TEMPORARY BREEDING PLACE

46 SALT MARSH

47 Mosquito Breeding During Rain During Flood

48

49

50 Mosquito Breeding in Foul Water

51

52

53

54

55

56

57 Open Tanks as Breeding Site

58

59 Cemented Tank in front of NKDA Office

60 Urinary Gutter

61 Leaf axil of banana plant- breeding site of Aedes

62 Cover of sewage line Mosquito Breeding Place

63 Larval Surveillance in N.K.D.A. Area

64 Mosquito collection during field study

65 Easy Steps 1 Change water in vases/ bowls every other day Add sand granular insecticide to water

66 Easy Steps 2 Remove water from flower pot plates every other day

67 Easy Steps 3 Turn over all storage containers

68 If going on holiday.. Cover all toilet bowls

69

70 Control of Adult vector mosquitoes Fogging of pyrethroids like pyrethrum Spraying may be done at the resting sites of the vectors specially in the cow sheds, piggeries, bushes, gardens adjacent to human habitation etc.

71 Small manipulations in the environmental set up

72 Cleaning of weeds from the ponds to prevent the breeding of Mansonia mosquitoes. Introduction of weedivorous fishes like Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gourami) and Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is very useful to keep clean the water bodies.

73 The incidence of Mansonia reduced where pistia (water weed) was replaced by Salvinia (fern).

74 Water fern Azolla pinnata reduce oviposition, egg hatchability of mosquito and ultimately control mosquito population.

75 Different bio-control agents of Mosquito FISH

76

77

78 Clarias batrachus Cx. quinquefasciatus - 43 (Under laboratory conditions)

79 Heteropneustes fossilis

80 Anabas testudineus

81

82

83 Fish Culture in Paddy Field

84 Aplocheilus panchax (Techokho)

85 Insects, Nematodes and Protozoans

86 DRAGONFLY DAMSELFLY

87 Acilius sulcatus

88 Toxorhynchites larvae

89

90 Romanomermis iyengari

91 Mosquito killing Protozoa

92 Coelomomyces

93

94

95

96

97 Bacillus sphaericus

98 B.s. with spores

99 B.t.i. spores

100 Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (Bti) is a bacterium that specifically targets mosquitoes in their larval stage, but is harmless to beneficial insects, wildlife, humans, pets or livestock Bti is eaten by the mosquito larva Bti can be applied to almost any aquatic habitat without environmental impact concerns Some common Bti products

101 AQUABAC 200G Bti - can be applied by hand broadcast or a hand spreader in smaller areas, or by standard ground or aerial dispersing methods for larger areas. Manufacturer recommends an interval of 7 to 14 days between applications Mosquito Dunks Mosquito Dunks- Use 1 dunk/100 sq. ft. of infested water. Mosquito Dunks also can be used as a pre flood treatment in areas expected to become breeding sources

102 Natural Products

103

104 Thank you Thank you

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