PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
|
|
- Lynne Lawrence
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. Please be advised that this information was generated on and may be subject to change.
2 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 40, In-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract infections J. A. A. Hoogkamp-Korstanje Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital St Radboud, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 24, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were equally active against Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. Ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MlCd0 = 1 mg/l), followed by trovafloxacin (MICgo = 4 mg/l). Trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC90 = 0.12 mg/l), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MICg0 = 0.12 mg/l) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90 = 0.06 mg/l) (except quinoione-resistant, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, for which the MIC90 was 8 mg/l). Trovafloxacin was the most active compound against Enterococcus faecalis: 80% of strains were susceptible to 0.25 mg/l. There was complete cross-resistance between all fluoroquinolones. Introduction MICs were determined in duplicate using a routine broth dilution method in microtitre plates.4 Media used A number of fluoroquinolones have recently been shown to be clinically effective for the treatment of communityand hospital-acquired respiratory tract infections.1,2 Most experience has been obtained with ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin were Isosensitest broth (Oxoid), supplemented with 2% lysed horse blood and Isovitalex (2.5%, BBL) for Haemophilus influenzae and buffered starch yeast extract broth for Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrobial stock solutions were prepared by and pefloxacin. Their activity against Gram-positive bacteria is limited, however. In the last five years several new quinolones with activity against Gram-positive bacteria have been evaluated in vitro, but improved activity against Gram-positive bacteria has often appeared to be associated with decreased activity against Gram-negative bacteria.3 Some drugs had high activity in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms4 but showed serious side effects in humans, requiring their withdrawal. In the present study the in-vitro activities of sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin were compared with those of older fluoroquinolones against Gram-positive and Gram-negative respiratory pathogens from communityacquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. dissolving powdered ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin and trovafloxacin in water, and powdered lomefloxacin, pefloxacin and sparfloxacin in 0.1 M NaOH. Ciprofloxacin was provided by Bayer AG (Leverkusen, Germany), levofloxacin and ofloxacin by Hoechst Pharma (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), pefloxacin and sparfloxacin by Rh6ne-Poulenc Rorer (Amstelveen, The Netherlands), lomefloxacin by Searle Nederland (Maarssen, The Netherlands) and trovafloxacin by Pfizer (Capelle, The Netherlands). The microtitre plates were filled with 100 \xl of doublestrength antibiotic test solution in each well. The inocula were prepared by taking four colonies of overnight cultures grown on appropriate media, which were added to Materials and methods * A total of 498 clinical isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections, hospitalized in the University Hospital of Nijmegen, were studied. 3 ml of sterile 0.85% NaCl to a McFarland turbidity standard of 0.5 (1.5 x 10s cfu/ml) and further diluted in 10 ml of double-concentrated test broth to a final organism concentration of 3 X X 106 cfu/ml. Each well was inoculated with 100 xl of this suspension (final inocu- Tel: ; Fax; The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 427
3 J. A. A. Hoogkamp-Korstanje í i lum size 1.5 X X 106 cfu/ml). The inoculum size and purity were controlled by plating 1 jxl of the bacterial suspension on appropriate media. The plates were incubated at 37 C and growth was assessed after 24 and 48 h of activities of trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin towards Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, S. marcescens, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and L. pneumophila were similar. incubation. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration preventing visible growth in the test medium. Control strains used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC Gram-positive organisms Trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis and S. aureus. Seven of the MRSA strains and all the methicillin-susceptible strains were equally susceptible Results The comparative activities of the strains are given in the Table. to trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin, with MIC90s of mg/l, but the three methicillin- and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (MQRSA) strains were inhibited only by 4 mg/l, 8 mg/l and 16 mg/l trovafloxacin and 8 mg/l, 16 mg/l and 32 mg/l sparfloxacin, respectively. These three strains were resistant to the other quinolones with MICs of 8-^32 Gram-negative organisms Against Enterobacteriaceae, H, influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and L. pneumophila, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin were more active than levofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and pefioxacin. Ciprofloxacin, mg/l. Both penicillin-resistant and pencillin-susceptible. pneumoniae strains were susceptible to trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin, but they were less susceptible to the other quinolones, Trovafloxacin was the most active quinolone against E. faecalis. sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin were about twice as active as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin and at least eight times as active as pefioxacin. Levofloxacin was as active as ciprofloxacin against Serratia marcescens, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, but showed less activity against the other Gram-negative organisms tested. Ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against P. aeruginosa, being twice as active as trovafloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin and four times as active as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin. Taking 2 mg/l as the breakpoint for susceptibility, the Discussion Trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin showed high activity against Gram-positive bacteria without loss of Gramnegative spectrum. The most important feature of their antimicrobial spectrum was their activity against pneumococci irrespective of penicillin-susceptibility, with 90% of the strains susceptible to 0.12 mg/l of trovafloxacin and 0.25 mg/l of sparfloxacin. This has also been found by Table. Antibacterial activities of seven fluoroquinolones against 498 respiratory pathogens (agents are shown in descending order of activity) MIC (mg/l) % Susceptible Bacterium (n) Drug MIG«, range to «2 mg/l Haemophilus influenzae (50) Moraxella catarrhalis (50) sparfloxacin ciprofloxacin trovafloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefioxacin sparfloxacin trovafloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefioxacin
4 Fluoroquinolones against RTI pathogens Table. Continued MIC (mg/l) % Susceptible Bacterium (n) Drug MIC90 range to =s2 mg/l Legionella pneumophila (50) Sparfloxacin trovafloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefloxacin Streptococcus pneumoniae trovafloxacin ( 1 0 penicillin resistant, sparfloxacin penicillin susceptible) ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin 8 4->32 0 pefloxacin 5*32 16->32 0 Streptococcus pyogenes (20) trovafloxacin sparfloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefloxacin 5=32 8->32 0 Enterococcus faecalis (47) trovafloxacin sparfloxacin > >32 81 ciprofloxacin > >32 79 levofloxacin > >32 81 ofloxacin >32 l-> lomefloxacin >32 2->32 2 pefloxacin >32 2->32 0 Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (20) trovafloxacin sparfloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefloxacin S. aureus MRSA (10) trovafloxacin sparfloxacin >32 70 levofloxacin >32 70 ofloxacin > >32 70 ciprofloxacin > >32 70 lomefloxacin > >32 60 pefloxacin >32 l-> Klebsiella pneumoniae (50) sparfloxacin >32 90 ciprofloxacin >32 90 trovafloxacin >32 92 levofloxacin 2 0,015->32 90 ofloxacin >32 86 lomefloxacin >32 82 pefloxacin >
5 J. A. A. Hoogkamp-Korstanje Table. Continued MIC (mg/l) % Susceptible Bacterium (n) Drug MIC90 range to «2 mg/l Serratia marcescens (51) ciprofloxacin Sparfloxacin trovafloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin lomefloxacin *32 73 pefloxacin s* =32 39 Enterobacter cloacae (50) ciprofloxacin *32 98 Sparfloxacin =32 98 trovafloxacin levofloxacin =32 90 ofloxacin = lomefloxacin ^32 78 pefloxacin =32 76 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (51) ciprofloxacin ^32 90 Control strains trovafloxacin = levofloxacin *32 78 ofloxacin *32 78 sparfloxacin ^32 78 lomefloxacin a32 64 pefloxacin 5*32 1-3=32 16 E. coli ATCC ciprofloxacin sparfloxacin trovafloxacin levofloxacin 0.03 ofloxacin lomefloxacin pefloxacin 0.25 P. aeruginosa ATCC ciprofloxacin trovafloxacin sparfloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin 1 lomefloxacin 1-2 pefloxacin 8 S. aureus ATCC29213 trovafloxacin sparfloxacin 0.06 ciprofloxacin levofloxacin ofloxacin 0.5 pefloxacin 1 lomefloxacin 1 E. faecalis ATCC trovafloxacin sparfloxacin ciprofloxacin levofloxacin 1 ofloxacin 2-4 pefloxacin 4 lomefloxacin 4 430
6 Fluoroquinolones against RTI pathogens others.5,6 Serum concentrations of trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin in humans of 5=2 mg/l after oral dosing of 300 mg7 should therefore be expected to exceed the MIC foi all pneumococci. These quinolones may therefore be welcome drugs in countries where a substantial percentage of pneumococci have become resistant to penicillin. Trovafloxacin is in clinical trials and in Europe the use of sparfloxacin is currently limited to the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia following the incidence of phototoxicity after its launch in France. Like others8 we found MRSA strains less susceptible and MQRSA strains not susceptible to all quinolones as a result of complete cross-resistance between the older and newer quinolones. Enterococcal infections have become increasingly important. Most enterococci tested were isolated from our intensive care units where ciprofloxacin is often used, We observed a significant rise in MIC towards enterococci since its introduction. In % of enterococci were susceptible to =sl mg/l, compared with 50% in 1996, with 29% moderately susceptible and 21% not susceptible (MIC > 2 mg/l). Similar reports have come from others,9 The strains susceptible to ciprofloxacin were also susceptible to trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin with MICs two or four times lower; the strains insusceptible to ciprofloxacin were also insusceptible to the newer drugs, indicating cross-resistance. A number of Gram-negative organisms may be responsible for hospital-acquired pneumonia. Among them K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Serratia marcescens and P. aeruginosa predominate. Resistance of these species to quinolones has been reported.10 Although we used ciprofloxacin with restriction for treatment of hospitalacquired pneumonia, we have also observed a substantial rise in MIC (eight- to 30-fold with 10% resistance) towards these problem organisms during the last ten years. Trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin were no more active than ciprofloxacin towards these strains. In conclusion, trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin were more active against Gram-positive respiratory pathogens than were the older fluoroquinolones; their activities against Gram-negative organisms, except P. aeruginosa, were similar to that of ciprofloxacin. The latter drug may remain the drug of choice for treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. Acknowledgement The author thanks Mrs J. Roelofs-Willemse for technical assistance. References 1. Hoogkamp-Korstanje, J. A. A. (1989). In vitro and in vivo activity of five fluoroquinolones against common pathogens. Journal of Drug Development 2, Neu, H. C. (1992). An update of fluoroquinolones. Current Opinion in infectious Diseases 5, Piddock, L. J. (1994). New quinolones and Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 3 8, Bongaerts, G. P. & Hoogkamp-Korstanje, J. A. A. (1993). In vitro activities of BAY Y3118, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and fleroxacin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract and soft tissue infections. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37, Pankuch, G. A., Jacobs, M. R. & Appelbaum, P. C. (1995). Activity of CP,99219 compared with DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin and grepafloxacin against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 35, Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R. & Appelbaum, P. C. (1996). Activity of CP 99,219 (trovafloxacin) compared with ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, lomefloxacin and cefuroxime against ten penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci by time kill methodology. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 37, Spangler, S. K., Jacobs, M. R. & Appelbaum, P. C. (1992). Susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to RP 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, PD , sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, Win 57273, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36, Blumberg, H. M.r Rimland, D., Carroll, D, J., Terry, P. & Wachsmuth, I. K. (1991). Rapid development of ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 163, Schaberg, D. R., Dillon, W. I., Terpenning, M. S., Robinson, K. A., Bradley, S. F. & Kauffman, C. A. (1992). Increasing resistance of enterococci to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36, Tabuko, T. (1992). Annual changes of the susceptibility of clinical isolates to ofloxacin. In Abstracts of the Fourth International Symposium on New Quinolones, Abstract 12. Received 3 October 1996; returned 28 January 1997; revised 26 February 1997; accepted 14 April
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of CP-99,219, a Novel Azabicyclo-Naphthyridone
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 993, p. 39-353 0066-0/93/0039-05$0.00/0 Copyright 993, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 37, No. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of, a Novel Azabicyclo-Naphthyridone
More information2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time)
Key words I μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ II Fig. 1. Microdilution plate. The dilution step of the antimicrobial agent is prepared in the -well microplate. Serial twofold dilution were prepared according
More informationJAC Bactericidal index: a new way to assess quinolone bactericidal activity in vitro
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, 713 717 JAC Bactericidal index: a new way to assess quinolone bactericidal activity in vitro Ian Morrissey* Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry
More informationGuidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System
Guidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System Purpose The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), passed in 1988, establishes quality standards for all laboratory
More informationMarc Decramer 3. Respiratory Division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on April 0 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:./aac.0001- Copyright 0, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved.
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationHelp with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST
Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST This document sets out the main differences between the BSAC and EUCAST disc diffusion methods with specific emphasis on preparation prior to
More informationCipro for gram positive cocci in urine
Buscar... Cipro for gram positive cocci in urine 20-6-2017 Pneumonia can be generally defined as an infection of the lung parenchyma, in which consolidation of the affected part and a filling of the alveolar
More informationagainst Clinical Isolates of Gram-Positive Bacteria
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 993, p. 366-370 Vol. 37, No. 0066-0/93/00366-05$0.00/0 Copyright 993, American Society for Microbiology In Vitro Activity of CP-99,9, a New Fluoroquinolone,
More informationChoosing the Ideal Antibiotic Therapy and the Role of the Newer Fluoroquinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections
...CLINICIAN INTERVIEW... Choosing the Ideal Antibiotic Therapy and the Role of the Newer Fluoroquinolones in Respiratory Tract Infections An interview with Robert C. Owens, Jr., PharmD, Clinical Pharmacy
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01
More information4 th and 5 th generation cephalosporins. Naderi HR Associate professor of Infectious Diseases
4 th and 5 th generation cephalosporins Naderi HR Associate professor of Infectious Diseases Classification Forth generation: Cefclidine, cefepime (Maxipime),cefluprenam, cefoselis,cefozopran, cefpirome
More informationAberdeen Hospital. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns For Commonly Isolated Organisms For 2015
Aberdeen Hospital Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns For Commonly Isolated s For 2015 Services Laboratory Microbiology Department Aberdeen Hospital Nova Scotia Health Authority 835 East River Road New
More informationMICRONAUT MICRONAUT-S Detection of Resistance Mechanisms. Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC
MICRONAUT Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC Automated and Customized Susceptibility Testing For detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical
More informationJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access published August 26, 2006
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access published August, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy doi:./jac/dkl Pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae,
More information2017 Antibiogram. Central Zone. Alberta Health Services. including. Red Deer Regional Hospital. St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose
2017 Antibiogram Central Zone Alberta Health Services including Red Deer Regional Hospital St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose Introduction This antibiogram is a cumulative report of the antimicrobial susceptibility
More informationTel: Fax:
CONCISE COMMUNICATION Bactericidal activity and synergy studies of BAL,a novel pyrrolidinone--ylidenemethyl cephem,tested against streptococci, enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci L. M.
More informationConcise Antibiogram Toolkit Background
Background This toolkit is designed to guide nursing homes in creating their own antibiograms, an important tool for guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. Information about antibiograms and instructions
More information6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogenic microbes. Although
More informationDetermination of antibiotic sensitivities by the
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 531-535 Determination of antibiotic sensitivities by the Sensititre system IAN PHILLIPS, CHRISTINE WARREN, AND PAMELA M. WATERWORTH From the Department of Microbiology,
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE /j x. Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and 3 Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad, India
ORIGINAL ARTICLE 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01017.x Activity of the new quinolone WCK 771 against pneumococci P. C. Appelbaum 1, G. A. Pankuch 1, B. Bozdogan 1, G. Lin 1, M. R. Jacobs 2, M. V. Patel 3, S.
More information2012 ANTIBIOGRAM. Central Zone Former DTHR Sites. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
2012 ANTIBIOGRAM Central Zone Former DTHR Sites Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medically Relevant Pathogens Based on Gram Morphology Gram-negative Bacilli Lactose Fermenters Non-lactose
More informationEvaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals
J Vet Diagn Invest :164 168 (1998) Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals Susannah K. Hubert, Phouc Dinh Nguyen, Robert D. Walker Abstract.
More informationNational Clinical Guideline Centre Pneumonia Diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults
National Clinical Guideline Centre Antibiotic classifications Pneumonia Diagnosis and management of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults Clinical guideline 191 Appendix N 3 December 2014
More informationSYMMETRY FOAMING HAND SANITIZER with Aloe & Vitamin E Technical Data
508 SYMMETRY FOAMING HAND SANITIZER with Aloe & Vitamin E Technical Data Physical Properties Active Ingredient: Ethyl Alcohol 62% (70% v/v) Appearance: Clear, Colorless Solution Fragrance: Floral Form:
More informationAntimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms
Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms A summary of the cumulative susceptibility of bacterial isolates to formulary antibiotics in a given institution or region. Its main functions are to guide
More informationThe Disinfecting Effect of Electrolyzed Water Produced by GEN-X-3. Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University
The Disinfecting Effect of Electrolyzed Water Produced by GEN-X-3 Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Tae-yoon Choi ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The use of disinfectants
More informationTEST REPORT. Client: M/s Ion Silver AB. Loddekopinge. Sverige / SWEDEN. Chandran. min and 30 min. 2. E. coli. 1. S. aureus
TEST REPORT TEST TYPE: Liquid Suspension Time Kill Study -Quantitative Test Based On ASTM 2315 TEST METHOD of Colloidal Silver Product at Contact time points: 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min
More informationPinni Meedha Mojutho Ammanu Dengina Koduku Part 1 Kama Kathalu
Search for: Search Search Does levaquin cover anaerobes Pinni Meedha Mojutho Ammanu Dengina Koduku Part 1 Kama Kathalu Levofloxacin, sold under the trade names Levaquin among others, is an antibiotic.
More information2016 Antibiogram. Central Zone. Alberta Health Services. including. Red Deer Regional Hospital. St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose
2016 Antibiogram Central Zone Alberta Health Services including Red Deer Regional Hospital St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose Introduction This antibiogram is a cumulative report of the antimicrobial susceptibility
More information2015 Antibiogram. Red Deer Regional Hospital. Central Zone. Alberta Health Services
2015 Antibiogram Red Deer Regional Hospital Central Zone Alberta Health Services Introduction. This antibiogram is a cumulative report of the antimicrobial susceptibility rates of common microbial pathogens
More informationMercy Medical Center Des Moines, Iowa Department of Pathology. Microbiology Department Antibiotic Susceptibility January December 2016
Mercy Medical Center Des Moines, Iowa Department of Pathology Microbiology Department Antibiotic Susceptibility January December 2016 These statistics are intended solely as a GUIDE to choosing appropriate
More informationSYMMETRY ANTIMICROBIAL FOAMING HANDWASH with 0.3% PCMX Technical Data
408 SYMMETRY ANTIMICROBIAL FOAMING HANDWASH with 0.3% PCMX Technical Data Physical Properties Active Ingredient: Chloroxylenol (PCMX) 0.3% Appearance: Clear, Amber Solution Fragrance: Floral Form: Liquid
More information2015 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzenza Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens
More informationEUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control
EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 59 ATCC
More information2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Fairview Northland Medical Center and Elk River, Milaca, Princeton and Zimmerman Clinics 2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS 2016 Gram-Negative Non-Urine The number of isolates
More information2010 ANTIBIOGRAM. University of Alberta Hospital and the Stollery Children s Hospital
2010 ANTIBIOGRAM University of Alberta Hospital and the Stollery Children s Hospital Medical Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Table of Contents Page Introduction..... 2 Antibiogram
More informationUnderstanding the Hospital Antibiogram
Understanding the Hospital Antibiogram Sharon Erdman, PharmD Clinical Professor Purdue University College of Pharmacy Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist Eskenazi Health 5 Understanding the Hospital
More informationBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY REPORT: 2016 (January 2016 December 2016)
BACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY REPORT: 2016 (January 2016 December 2016) VA Palo Alto Health Care System April 14, 2017 Trisha Nakasone, PharmD, Pharmacy Service Russell Ryono, PharmD, Public Health Surveillance
More informationThe Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards
The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards Janet A. Hindler, MCLS, MT(ASCP) UCLA Health System Los Angeles, California, USA jhindler@ucla.edu 1 Learning Objectives Describe information
More informationCUMULATIVE ANTIBIOGRAM
BC Children s Hospital and BC Women s Hospital & Health Centre CUMULATIVE ANTIBIOGRAM 2017 Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Page 1 of 5 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
More informationRoutine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 3.1, valid from
Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version.1, valid from 01-01-01 Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus
More informationWhat s new in EUCAST methods?
What s new in EUCAST methods? Derek Brown EUCAST Scientific Secretary Interactive question 1 MIC determination MH-F broth for broth microdilution testing of fastidious microorganisms Gradient MIC tests
More informationQ1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.
Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author
Quality Assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing Derek Brown EUCAST Scientific Secretary ESCMID Postgraduate Education Course, Linz, 17 September 2014 Quality Assurance The total process by which
More informationQuality assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Quality assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing Derek Brown Routine quality control Repeated testing of controls in parallel with tests to ensure that the test system is performing reproducibly
More informationTHE NAC CHALLENGE PANEL OF ISOLATES FOR VERIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS
THE NAC CHALLENGE PANEL OF ISOLATES FOR VERIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS Stefanie Desmet University Hospitals Leuven Laboratory medicine microbiology stefanie.desmet@uzleuven.be
More informationTest Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Test Method Modified Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants
Study Title Antibacterial Activity and Efficacy of E-Mist Innovations' Electrostatic Sprayer Product with Multiple Disinfectants Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Method 961.02 Modified
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics Susan E. Sharp, Ph.D., DABMM, FAAM Director, Airport Way Regional Laboratory Director, Regional Microbiology and Molecular Infectious Diseases Laboratories
More informationCONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology
VOLUME XXIII NUMBER 1 July 2008 CONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology Bugs and Drugs Elaine Dowell, SM (ASCP), Marti Roe SM (ASCP), Ann-Christine Nyquist MD, MSPH Are the bugs winning? The 2007
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility
Antimicrobial susceptibility PATTERNS Microbiology Department Canterbury ealth Laboratories and Clinical Pharmacology Department Canterbury District ealth Board March 2011 Contents Preface... Page 1 ANTIMICROBIAL
More informationChristine E. Thorburn and David I. Edwards*
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2001) 48, 15 22 JAC The effect of pharmacokinetics on the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae and the emergence
More information2009 ANTIBIOGRAM. University of Alberta Hospital and the Stollery Childrens Hospital
2009 ANTIBIOGRAM University of Alberta Hospital and the Stollery Childrens Hospital Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction.....
More informationReceived 17 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 53, 609 615 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh130 Advance Access publication 3 March 2004 In vitro post-antibiotic effect of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, tetracyclines,
More informationBacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens. John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota
Bacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota Antibiotic Misuse ~150 million courses of antibiotic prescribed by office based prescribers Estimated
More informationJan A. Jacobs* and Ellen E. Stobberingh
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (996) 37, 37-375 In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the 'Streptococcus millerv group {Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius)
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Focus Technologies, Inc., 1 Hilversum, The Netherlands, 2 Herndon, Virginia and 3 Franklin, Tennessee, USA
ORIGINAL ARTICLE In vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis: a European multicenter study during 2000 2001 M. E. Jones 1, R. S. Blosser-Middleton
More informationMICHAEL J. RYBAK,* ELLIE HERSHBERGER, TABITHA MOLDOVAN, AND RICHARD G. GRUCZ
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Apr. 2000, p. 1062 1066 Vol. 44, No. 4 0066-4804/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin,
More informationGeNei TM. Antibiotic Sensitivity. Teaching Kit Manual KT Revision No.: Bangalore Genei, 2007 Bangalore Genei, 2007
GeNei Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT68 106333 Revision No.: 00180705 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 4 Materials Provided 5 Procedure
More informationAlasdair P. MacGowan*, Mandy Wootton and H. Alan Holt
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1999) 43, 345 349 JAC The antibacterial efficacy of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed by combining antibiotic exposure and bacterial
More informationTable 1. Commonly encountered or important organisms and their usual antimicrobial susceptibilities.
Table 1. Commonly encountered or important organisms and their usual antimicrobial susceptibilities. Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus: *Resistance to penicillin is almost universal. Resistance
More information11/10/2016. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Disclosures. Educational Need/Practice Gap. Objectives. Case #1
Disclosures Selecting Antimicrobials for Common Infections in Children FMR-Contemporary Pediatrics 11/2016 Sean McTigue, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Medical Director
More informationC&W Three-Year Cumulative Antibiogram January 2013 December 2015
C&W Three-Year Cumulative Antibiogram January 213 December 215 Division of Microbiology, Virology & Infection Control Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Contents Comments and Limitations...
More informationANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA. 1. Vancomicin
ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA 1. Vancomicin Vancomycin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. Vancomycin works by killing bacteria
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences. Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 9 Outline Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How
More informationCONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology
VOLUME XXVII NUMBER 6 July 2012 CONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology Bugs and Drugs Elaine B. Dowell SM, MLS (ASCP); Sarah K. Parker, MD; James K. Todd, MD Each year the Children s Hospital Colorado
More informationAntibiotic. Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting
Antibiotic Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting Any substance of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
More informationIn Vitro Activity of Netilmicin, Gentamicin, and Amikacin
ANTIMICROBIAL AGzNTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Jan. 1977, p. 126-131 Copyright X 1977 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 11, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. In Vitro Activity of Netilmicin, Gentamicin, and Amikacin
More informationRCH antibiotic susceptibility data
RCH antibiotic susceptibility data The following represent RCH antibiotic susceptibility data from 2008. This data is used to inform antibiotic guidelines used at RCH. The data includes all microbiological
More informationDrug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit
J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 160-164 Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit KIM BRIDGES AND E. J. L. LOWBURY From the MRC Industrial Injuries and Burns Unit, Birmingham
More informationANTIMICROBIAL TESTING. with ALKA VITA (ALKAHYDROXY ) ESCHERICHIA COLI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) PSEUDOMONA AERUGINOSA ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE
ANTIMICROBIAL TESTING with ALKA VITA (ALKAHYDROXY ) on ESCHERICHIA COLI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) PSEUDOMONA AERUGINOSA ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE FINAL RESULTS OF ANTIBACTERIAL TESTS IN VITRO WITH THE PRODUCT
More informationLiofilchem Chromatic Chromogenic culture media for microbial identification and for the screening of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms
Liofilchem Chromatic Chromogenic culture media for microbial identification and for the screening of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms Microbiology Products since 1983 Liofilchem Chromatic ESBL Selective
More informationAnnual Report: Table 1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results for 2,488 Isolates of S. pneumoniae Collected Nationally, 2005 MIC (µg/ml)
Streptococcus pneumoniae Annual Report: 5 In 5, a total of, isolates of pneumococci were collected from 59 clinical microbiology laboratories across Canada. Of these, 733 (9.5%) were isolated from blood
More informationEXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING
EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING CHN61: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING 1.1 Introduction A common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production
More informationIsolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil of Kathmandu valley and assessment of their antimicrobial activities
International Journal of Microbiology and Allied Sciences (IJOMAS) ISSN: 2382-5537 May 2016, 2(4):22-26 IJOMAS, 2016 Research Article Page: 22-26 Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil
More informationChapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine
Chapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine 8.1. ABSTRACT The present work ascertain the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of callus
More informationIn vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin Against Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteria in Korea
J Korean Med Sci 2002; 17: 737-42 ISSN 1011-8934 Copyright The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences In vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin Against Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteria in Korea Gemifloxacin is
More informationAppropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean?
Appropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean? Jaehee Lee, M.D. Kyungpook National University Hospital, Korea KNUH since 1907 Presentation outline Empiric antimicrobial choice: right spectrum,
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to antimicrobial agents used to treat respiratory tract infections.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis collected from five centers in Brazil, 1997 98 I. A. Critchley 1, C. Thornsberry
More informationInternational Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access.
I J A P B International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access. ISSN: 2454-8375 COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MIC OF BRANDED
More informationAntibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) CHRISTUS SETX
Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) CHRISTUS SETX Program Goals I. Judicious use of antibiotics Decrease use of broad spectrum antibiotics and deescalate use based on clinical symptoms Therapeutic duplication:
More informationLab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method.
Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. OBJECTIVES 1. Compare the antimicrobial capabilities of different antibiotics. 2. Compare effectiveness of with different types of bacteria.
More informationSummary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union
Summary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union EARS-Net surveillance data November 2017 For most bacteria reported to the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network
More informationDO NOT WRITE ON or THROW AWAY THIS PAPER!
What Kills Bacteria? Lab Procedure Go to the following link: http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/ls08/ls08.html or DO NOT WRITE ON or THROW AWAY THIS PAPER! Visit my eboard
More informationChildrens Hospital Antibiogram for 2012 (Based on data from 2011)
Childrens Hospital Antibiogram for 2012 (Based on data from 2011) Prepared by: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre For further information contact: Andrew Walkty, MD, FRCPC Medical
More informationEARS Net Report, Quarter
EARS Net Report, Quarter 4 213 March 214 Key Points for 213* Escherichia coli: The proportion of patients with invasive infections caused by E. coli producing extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) increased
More informationSimilar to Penicillins: -Chemically. -Mechanism of action. -Toxicity.
Similar to Penicillins: -Chemically. -Mechanism of action. -Toxicity. Cephalosporins are divided into Generations: -First generation have better activity against gram positive organisms. -Later compounds
More informationThere are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING ON MILK SAMPLES Method and guidelines There are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility
More informationINFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY NEWSLETTER
INFECTIOUS DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY NEWSLETTER University of Minnesota Health University of Minnesota Medical Center University of Minnesota Masonic Children s Hospital May 2017 Printed herein are
More informationSynergism of penicillin or ampicillin combined with sissomicin or netilmicin against enterococci
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (78) 4, 53-543 Synergism of penicillin or ampicillin combined with sissomicin or netilmicin against enterococci Chatrchal Watanakunakoni and Cheryl Glotzbecker Infectious
More informationJ. W. Mouton, H. P. Endtz, J. G. den Hollander, N. van den Braak and H. A. Verbrugh
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, Suppl. A, 75 80 JAC In-vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin compared with other widely used antibiotics against strains isolated from patients with
More informationVLLM0421c Medical Microbiology I, practical sessions. Protocol to topic J05
Topic J05: Determination of susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs, assessments of resistance factors For study: textbooks, www, keywords e. g. Diffusion disc test ; E-test ; dilution micromethod
More informationTwo (II) Upon signature
Page 1/5 SCREENING FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ORGANISMS (AROS) IN ACUTE CARE AND LONG TERM CARE Infection Prevention and Control IPC 050 Issuing Authority (sign & date) Office of Administrative Responsibility
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Trends in the Province of British Columbia
655 West 12th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 Tel 604.707.2443 Fax 604.707.2441 www.bccdc.ca Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in the Province of British Columbia 2013 Prepared by the Do Bugs Need Drugs? Program
More informationMARBOCYL FD SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
MARBOCYL FD SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT MARBOCYL FD 1 %, powder and solvent for solution for injection, for cats and dogs. 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
More informationDISCLAIMER: ECHO Nevada emphasizes patient privacy and asks participants to not share ANY Protected Health Information during ECHO clinics.
DISCLAIMER: Video will be taken at this clinic and potentially used in Project ECHO promotional materials. By attending this clinic, you consent to have your photo taken and allow Project ECHO to use this
More informationAntibiotic Usage Guidelines in Hospital
SUPPLEMENT TO JAPI december VOL. 58 51 Antibiotic Usage Guidelines in Hospital Camilla Rodrigues * Use of surveillance data information of Hospital antibiotic policy guidelines from Hinduja Hospital. The
More informationand Health Sciences, Wayne State University and Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004) 54, Suppl. S1, i7 i15 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh313 JAC Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae
More informationLeveraging the Lab and Microbiology Department to Optimize Stewardship
Leveraging the Lab and Microbiology Department to Optimize Stewardship Presented by: Andrew Martinez MLS(ASCP), MT(AMT), MBA Alaska Native Medical Center Microbiology Supervisor Maniilaq Health Center
More informationAdvanced Practice Education Associates. Antibiotics
Advanced Practice Education Associates Antibiotics Overview Difference between Gram Positive(+), Gram Negative(-) organisms Beta lactam ring, allergies Antimicrobial Spectra of Antibiotic Classes 78 Copyright
More information