Keywords: Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Goat, Prevalence and Therapy.

Transcription

1 Int. J. Ani. Fish. Sci. 4(6): , December 2011, website: or PREVALENCE OF PPR AND ITS EFFECTIVE TREATMENT IN GOATS OF PABNA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH M. L. RAHMAN 1*, M. N. HOSSAIN 2, M. M. AHSAN 3, M. S. I. Khokon 4 and A. S. M. G. KIBRIA 5 ABSTRACT The study was conducted at major goat rearing areas Sujanagar, Sathia and Bera upazilla under Pabna district of Bangladesh during April to December 2010 to find out the prevalence and treatment strategy of PPR. About 140 (2.18%) PPR infected goats were recorded out of 6408 cases studied. Young were more susceptible to PPR than adult. Black Bengal goat showed much more susceptibility (69.29%) than Jamunapari (30.71%) during the study. Combined therapy (atropine, antihistaminic aided antibiotic, fluid therapy) was more effective in the treatment of PPR. Keywords: Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Goat, Prevalence and Therapy. INTRODUCTION Goat is considered as poor man s animal. There is a significant population of goats (20.75 million) in Bangladesh (DLS, 2007). Recently Bangladesh government has taken a national program on goat rearing. But there are several diseases of goat which cause higher mortality. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) or goat plague or stomatitis pneumoenteritis syndrome is one of them which are caused by morbilli virus of the paramyxoviridae. It is an exotic disease of goats in Bangladesh (Debnath, 1995, Islam et al., 2001). The morbidity and mortality rates are 80-90% and 40-80% respectively (Sil, 2000). Therefore, the effect of this disease in goat population is certainly considerable when a national scheme of poverty alleviation through goat rearing is carried out in Bangladesh. PPR has been found to be widely distributed in Africa and Arabian Peninsula (Taylor, 1984). In South Africa PPR was recorded in South Indian Sheep (Shaila et al., 1989) and subsequently became more prevalent in goats (Kulkarni et al., 1996, Nanda et al., 1996., Shaila et al., 1996). It was also reported to be present in goats of Pakistan (Amjad et al., 1996). In Bangladesh outbreak of Rinderpest like disease, later confirmed by a reference laboratory to be PPR, have been occurring in goats since 1993 in border belts area of south western districts of Bangladesh (Sil et al., 1995, Debnath, 1995). Clinically, PPR resembles rinderpest and is characterized by erosive stomatitis, enteritis with diarrhoea and pneumonia (Bundza et al., 1988). It produces solid immunity. So, prevention of this disease by vaccination is easier than any other methods (Sil, 2000). Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) has developed a homologous cell culture attenuated PPR vaccine which is very potent against PPR (Anonymous, 1999). But vaccination program has not yet covered the total population of the country. So supportive therapy of atropine aided antibiotic, fluid therapy and antihistaminic aided antibiotic, fluid therapy as well as combined therapy can save the life of PPR affected patient in field condition (Chakrabarti, 2003). The aim of this study was to diagnose PPR cases in field level, know its prevalence and minimize the sufferings of goat population by proper nursing, to give supportive therapy and save the leaves of sick animals and to know the treatment efficacy of this disease in Pabna district. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study was conducted at the Sujanagar, Sathia and Bera upazilla under Pabna district of Bangladesh during April to December PPR infected goats of various age and sex were randomly selected. 1 Manager, Bengal Meat Processing Industries Ltd., Pabna, Bangladesh, 2&3 MS Student, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensigh-2202, 4 Assistant Manager, Bengal Meat Processing Industries Ltd., Pabna and 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong- 4202, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author s rahmanvet@gmail.com. 418

2 Total 140 number of goat were diagnosed as PPR among 6408 adult goats as well as treated and follow up was taken based on Clinical sign and symptoms (like erosion of oral mucosa, discharges from eyes, nose, mouth, rough coat, soiled hind quarter, anorexia, depression, fever etc.). For treatment the goats were divided into three groups. As being viral disease only supportive therapy was applied to the PPR infected goats. Antibiotic, sulphur drug, anthistaminic and fluid therapy were given to the study population. The therapy regime was: Sulphadimidine (Salidone 0.2 g per body wt. (3ml per 5 kg body wt.) in the first dose and ½ of the initial dose in subsequent days, IM. Oxytetracycline (Renamycin 10mg per kg body wt. (1ml per 10kg body wt.) IM daily. Promethazine hydrochloride (Dellergen Renata 10mg per kg body wt. (2ml per 10kg) IM daily. Atropine sulphate: (Atrovet inj.,techno) 1 mg/kg body wt. Oral fluid therapy by Oasaline (SMC). First group was treated with the atropine aided antibiotic and second group with antihistaminic aided antibiotic. The third group was treated with combined therapy. Fluid therapies were same for the all group. All data were put into Microsoft Excel Program and Fundamental mathematical analysis (sum, percentage etc.) were performed to find out prevalence as well as descriptive analysis to interpret the data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this study the prevalence of PPR in Black Bengal Goat was 69.29% and in Jamunapari Goat 30.71% and overall in goat was 2.18% in table 1. Table 1. Prevalence of PPR of goat. Name of breed No. of cases Percentage (%) Black Bengal Jamunapari Total (among 6408 treated cases) The findings of present study do not agree with previous records. Nussieba et al. (2009) Mehmood et al. (2009) and Abubakar et al. (2008) recorded 59.15%, 15.36% and 40.98% prevalence respectively in small ruminants. The susceptibility rate recorded in this study has close similarity with Samad (2008) and Sil (2000) where they mentioned about the higher susceptibility of Black Bengal goat. The study revealed that young (1.5-2 years) is more prone to PPR infection (52.14%) (Table 2) than the adult. Table 2. Prevalence of PPR according to age of goats. Age (Year) No. of cases Percentage (%) 1 to 1.5 years to 2 years to 2.5 years Table 3. Prevalence of PPR according to season. Season Black Bengal Breed Jamunapari Total Affected Percentage (%) Affected Percentage (%) Affected Percentage (%) Summer Rainy season Autumn and late autumn Winter

3 Although this record showed close relationship with the findings of Khan et al. (2008) in case of adult infection, The infection of PPR was the lowest (39.29%) in very young (1-1.5 years) in present report which is totally opposite (69%) to Khan et al. (2008) results. The study revealed that rainy season (32.1%) and autumn-late autumn (33.6%) seasons are much more dangerous for PPR infection. In winter PPR begins to disappear slowly (26.43%) and in summer it is less (7.86%) (Table 3). Autumn (33.6%), rainy (32.1%) and winter (26.43) had the higher prevalence than summer (Table 3). Previous findings also support this (Okoli, 2003), (OIE 2002), Obi (1983) and Onyekweodiri and Uzoukwu, (1992). Table 4. Prevalence of PPR according to sex of goat. Sex No. of cases Percentage in total infected goat Buck (m) Doe (f) Black Bengal (m) Black Bengal (f) Jamunapari (m) Jamunapari (f) The female (54.29%) were more vulnerable to PPR than male (45.71%) (Table 4) which was supported by Samad (2008). Table 5. Efficacy of therapeutic response in PPR of goat in different therapeutic methods. Sl. No. Therapy Total no. of case treated No. of cured case Percentage of cured cases 1 Atropine aided antibiotic, fluid therapy Antihistaminic aided antibiotic, fluid therapy Combined therapy The study found that the cured percentage of antibiotic with fluid therapies was 76 (Table 5) which matched with the result of Anene et al. (1987). In antihistaminic aided antibiotic the successful percentage was and in combined therapy the cured percentage was 83.8 (Table 5) both were similar to the findings of Islam et al. (2003). It was found that combined therapy with atropine and antihistamine aided antibiotic supported by fluid therapy was very effective to minimize mortality. Fig. 1. Monthly Distribution of PPR Disease. 420

4 Fig. 2. Seasonal Distribution of PPR Disease. PPR is highly contagious disease with higher mortality and morbidity in goat. In this study it is revealed that Black Bengal goats were more susceptible (69.29%) compared to Jamunapari goats (30.71%). According to age groups, years goats were highly infected (52.14%) in comparison with others. Here male was more resistant than female to PPR infection. In rainy and autumn season PPR susceptibility is remarkable, that was recorded in 32.1% and 33.6% respectively. Although against virus, there is no specific treatment, combined therapy containing antibiotic, antihistaminic as well as fluid therapy noticed sequence of treatment in PPR infection of goat. REFERENCES Abubakar M., S. M. Jamal, M. Hussain and Q. Ali Incidence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in sheep and goat as detected by immuno-capture ELISA (Ic ELISA). Small ruminant research, 75(2): Amjad H., Q. Islam, M. T. Forsyth and P. B. Rossiter Peste des petits ruminants in goats in Pakistan. Veterinary Record 139: Anene, B. M., Ei Ugochukwu and J. C. Omamegbe The appraisal of three different pharmaceuticals regimes for the treatment of natuirally occurring PPR in goats. Bulletin on Animal Health Proceedings 35: 1-3. Anonymous, Research achievements and activities, BLRI, Dhaka, pp Bundza, A., A. Afsar, T. W. Dukes, D. J. Mayers, G. C. Dulac and S. A. W. E. Becker Experimental peste des petits ruminant (goat plague) in goats and sheep. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 52: Chakrabarti, A General Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 3rd Edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi pp Debnath, N. C Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): an overview. Proceeding of the BSVER Symposium on Eradication of Rinderpest and Related Diseases, 2 December, 1995, Dhaka. pp DLS, Livestock population in Bangladesh. Islam, M. R., M. Giasiddin, M. M. Rahman and M. A. Kafi Antibiotic combined hyperimmune serum therapy for peste des petits ruminants infected goats. Bangl. J. Vet. Medecine. 1 (1): Islam, M. R., M. Shamsuddin, M. A. Rahman, P. M. Das and M. L. Dewan An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in Black Bengal goats in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Vet. 2001, Khan, M. A., S. N. Hussain, S. Bahadar, A. Ali and I. A. Shah An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats in district Chitral, N.W.F.P., Pakistan. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.V0l. 3, ( 2): ISSN Kulkarni, D. D., A. U. Bhikane, M. S. Shaila, P. Varalakshmi, M. P. Apte and B. W. Narladkar Peste des petits ruminant in goats in India. Veterinary Record. 138:

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