METHODS. Imipenem Meropenem Colistin Polymyxin B Ampicillinsulbactam. Downloaded from by IP:
|
|
- Sandra Ross
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Medical Microbiology (01), 1, DOI.99/jmm In vitro time-kill studies of antimicrobial agents against blood isolates of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, including colistin- or tigecycline-resistant isolates Kyong Ran Peck, 1 3 Min Ja Kim, 3 Ji Young Choi, 3 3 Hong Sun Kim, 3 Cheol-In Kang, 1 Yong Kyun Cho, Dae Won Park, 5 Hee Joo Lee, Mi Suk Lee 7 and Kwan Soo Ko 3, Correspondence Kwan Soo Ko ksko@skku.edu 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea Gachon University, Gil Hospital, Inchon, Republic of Korea 5 Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University, College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea Departments of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 7 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea Received August 011 Accepted 17 October 011 The emergence of colistin or tigecycline resistance as well as imipenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii poses a great therapeutic challenge. The bactericidal and synergistic effects of several combinations of antimicrobial agents against imipenem-, colistin- or tigecyclineresistant A. baumannii isolates were investigated by in vitro time-kill experiments. Six imipenemresistant A. baumannii blood isolates were examined in this study, including colistin- and tigecycline-susceptible, colistin-resistant but tigecycline-susceptible, and colistin-susceptible but tigecycline-resistant isolates. Time-kill studies were performed using five antimicrobial agents singly or in combinations (imipenem plus colistin, imipenem plus ampicillin-sulbactam, colistin plus rifampicin, colistin plus tigecycline, and tigecycline plus rifampicin) at concentrations of 0.5¾ and 1¾ their MICs. Only imipenem was consistently effective as a single agent against all six A. baumannii isolates. Although the effectiveness of combinations of 0.5¾ MIC antimicrobial agents was inconsistent, combination regimens using 1¾ MIC of the antimicrobial agents displayed excellent bactericidal activities against all six A. baumannii isolates. Among the combinations of 0.5¾ MIC antimicrobial agents, the combination of colistin and tigecycline showed synergistic or bactericidal effects against four of the isolates. This in vitro time-kill analysis suggests that antimicrobial combinations are effective for killing imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates, even if they are simultaneously resistant to either colistin or tigecycline. However, the finding that the combinations of 0.5¾ MIC antimicrobial agents were effective on only some isolates may warrant further investigation of the doses of combination agents needed to kill resistant A. baumannii. 3These authors contributed equally to this work. Abbreviation: MDR, multidrug resistant G 01 SGM Printed in Great Britain IP: On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5 353
2 K. R. Peck and others INTRODUCTION Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in intensive care units (Dijkshoorn et al., 007). A. baumannii infections may be difficult to treat due to the pathogen s multidrug resistance. Although carbapenems, including imipenem and meropenem, have been commonly used as the mainstay of treatment for severe A. baumannii infections, carbapenemresistant isolates have emerged and disseminated worldwide in recent years (Perez et al., 007). With the exception of polymyxins (such as polymyxin B and colistin) and tigecycline, few alternative therapeutic options are available (Munoz-Price & Weinstein, 00). However, polymyxinresistant isolates of A. baumannii have also developed (Li et al., 00a; Park et al., 009a), along with tigecyclineresistant isolates (Capone et al., 00; Park et al., 009b). Even pandrug-resistant (PDR) A. baumannii isolates, displaying resistance to all antimicrobial agents, including both polymyxins and tigecycline, have recently emerged (Doi et al., 009; Park et al., 009c). A. baumannii isolates cause bloodstream infection, nosocomial-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Especially those with inappropriate treatment are associated with higher mortality (Falagas et al., 00). However, the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat A. baumannii infections has been slow. Thus, the use of combinations of two or more agents has drawn attention as an option for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii infections (Munoz-Price & Weinstein, 00; Peleg et al., 00), although the effectiveness of such combinations remains controversial (Moland et al., 00; Scheetz et al., 007). In addition to increasing eradication efficacy, combination therapy may also help to prevent the emergence of resistant populations (Pachón-Ibáñez et al., 00). So far, several combinations, such as imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam, rifampicin and polymyxin B, imipenem and polymyxin B, and colistin and rifampicin, have been reported to be effective in vitro against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (Perez et al., 007; Peleg et al., 00). However, studies on the effects of these combinations against colistin- or tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii isolates are very limited (Moland et al., 00). In this study, we investigated the synergistic and bactericidal effects of combinations of antimicrobial agents against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii blood isolates that were also resistant to either colistin or tigecycline by in vitro time-kill analysis using a microdilution method. METHODS Bacterial isolates. Six representative imipenem-resistant A. baumannii blood isolates that were isolated from intensive care unit patients at four university hospitals in South Korea were included in the present study (Table 1). All were also resistant to meropenem. Two isolates (KRU-A-3 and KHU-) were resistant to carbapenems, but susceptible to polymyxins and tigecycline (COL- S/TIG-S), two isolates (KCU- and SKKU-) were resistant to polymyxins but susceptible to tigecycline (COL-R/TIG-S), and two isolates (SKKU- and KCU-3) were resistant to tigecycline but susceptible to polymyxins (COL-S/TIG-R). All six isolates were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam. While two isolates (KHU- and KCU-) were resistant to rifampicin, all the others were susceptible to rifampicin. Determination of MIC. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by measuring MIC using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (CLSI, 0). Fifteen antimicrobial agents were tested: imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B, colistin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, amikacin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillinsulbactam, tetracycline and tigecycline. Fresh Mueller Hinton broth was used for all susceptibility testing. CLSI susceptibility interpretive criteria were used (CLSI, 0). No breakpoints for rifampicin and tigecycline are available in the CLSI guidelines; therefore CLSI criteria recommended for staphylococci were applied to rifampicin (resistant mgl 1 ), and the criteria of the United States Food and Drug Administration for Enterobacteriaceae were used for tigecycline (intermediate mg l 1 ;resistant mgl 1 ). Table 1. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of the A. baumannii isolates used in this study S, susceptible; R, resistant. Isolate MIC of antimicrobial agent (mg l 1 ) (resistance or susceptibility) Imipenem Meropenem Colistin Polymyxin B Ampicillinsulbactam Tigecycline Rifampicin KRU-A-3 1 (R). (R) 1 (S) 1 (S) 1/ (R) (S) (S) KHU- 1 (R). (R) 1 (S) 1 (S) 1/ (R) 1 (S) (R) KCU- 5 (R). (R) 3 (R) (R) 5/1 (R) 1 (S) (R) SKKU- 1 (R). (R) 1 (R) 1 (R) 1/ (R) (S) (S) SKKU- 1 (R). (R) 1 (S) 1 (S) /3 (R) 1 (R) (S) KCU-13 (R). (R) 1 (S) 1 (S) /3 (R) 1 (R) (S) 35 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 1 On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
3 In vitro combination therapy against A. baumannii Escherichia coli ATCC 59, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 913, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 753 were used as control strains. Time-kill analysis. Time-kill studies were performed on five antimicrobial agents (imipenem, colistin, ampicillin-sulbactam, rifampicin and tigecycline) and five combinations of these agents (imipenem plus colistin, imipenem plus ampicillin-sulbactam, colistin plus rifampicin, colistin plus tigecycline, and tigecycline plus rifampicin) according to a previously reported method (Petersen et al., 00). Time-kill assays were performed in duplicate using concentrations of 0.5 and 1 MIC in both single-agent and combination studies. Bacterial growth was quantified after 0,,,, 1 and h incubation at 37 uc by plating -fold dilutions on sheep blood agar. Antimicrobials were considered bactericidal when a 3 log decrease in c.f.u. ml 1 was reached compared with the initial inocula. Synergy of the antimicrobial combination was defined as a log decrease in c.f.u. ml 1 as compared to use of a single agent (Eliopoulos & Moellering, 199). RESULTS In vitro susceptibilities The MICs for imipenem, meropenem, colistin, polymyxin B, ampicillin-sulbactam, tigecycline and rifampicin of the six A. baumannii isolates are presented in Table 1. All isolates were resistant to the carbapenems imipenem and meropenem. Additionally, all were resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, tetracycline and ampicillin-sulbactam. While KHU- was susceptible to amikacin (MIC mg l 1 ), the other isolates were resistant (MICs.1 mg l 1 ). Single-agent studies Only imipenem was bactericidal against all six A. baumannii isolates tested (Table ); even 0.5 MIC of imipenem resulted in bactericidal effects against two COL-S/TIG-S isolates and one COL-R/TIG-S isolate (KCU-). Colistin was bactericidal against KCU- only (Table ). Although 1 MIC of colistin initially decreased growth in all A. baumannii isolates after and h of incubation, regrowth was observed in five isolates. As observed with the colistin treatment, ampicillin-sulbactam treatment showed a bactericidal effect on KCU- and SKKU-. Even KCU- showed about log regrowth after h of incubation at 1 MIC of ampicillin-sulbactam, compared to that after 1 h of incubation with this agent. None of the A. baumannii isolates used in this study were completely killed by tigecycline as a single regimen at either 0.5 or 1 MIC. Rifampicin also had no bactericidal effect against any of the A. baumannii isolates tested. Combination studies Treatment with a combination of 1 MIC imipenem and colistin exerted bactericidal effects on all six A. baumannii isolates tested (Table 3, Fig. 1). However, treatment with 0.5 MIC imipenem plus colistin was bactericidal against only four isolates: the two COL-S/TIG-S isolates, a COL-R/ TIG-S isolate (KCU-) and a COL-S/TIG-R isolate (SKKU- ). This combination at 0.5 MIC was not effective against SKKU- and KCU-13. All A. baumannii isolates were also not detected in incubations with the combination of 1 MIC imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam (Table 3). Compared with 1 imipenem alone, three A. baumannii isolates (KHU-, SKKU- and KCU-13) were killed earlier by the combination of 1 imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam. Imipenem plus ampicillin-sulbactam at 0.5 MIC displayed bactericidal activities against all isolates. It is of note that the combination of 0.5 imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam displayed synergistic and bactericidal effects even against the three isolates (SKKU-, SKKU- and KCU-13) that were not killed within h by 0.5 imipenem alone. Table. Bactericidal effects of single agents against imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates Resistance* Isolate Bactericidal effectd Imipenem Colistin Ampicillinsulbactam Rifampicin Tigecycline 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC COL-S/TIG-S KRU-A-3 B B NB NB NB NB NB NB NB NB KHU- B B NB NB NB NB NB NB NB NB COL-R/TIG-S KCU- B B B B NB B NB NB NB NB SKKU- NB B NB NB NB NB NB NB NB NB COL-S/TIG-R SKKU- NB B NB NB NB B NB NB NB NB KCU-13 NB B NB NB NB NB NB NB NB B *COL-S, colistin susceptible; COL-R, colistin resistant; TIG-S, tigecycline susceptible; TIG-R, tigecycline resistant. DB, bactericidal (when 3 log decrease in c.f.u. ml 1 was reached compared with the initial inocula); NB, non-bactericidal IP: On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
4 K. R. Peck and others Table 3. Synergistic effects of antimicrobial combinations against imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates Resistance* Isolate Synergistic effectd Colistin+Rifampicin Colistin+Tigecycline Tigecycline+Rifampicin Imipenem+Colistin Imipenem+Ampicillinsulbactam 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC 0.5¾ MIC 1¾ MIC COL-S/TIG-S KRU-A-3 S S S S NS S NS S NS S KHU- S S S S NS S S S NS S COL-R/TIG-S KCU- S S S S S S S S NS S SKKU- NS S S S NS S NS S NS S COL-S/TIG-R SKKU- NS S S S NS S S S S S KCU-13 NS S S S S S S S S S *COL-S, colistin-susceptible; COL-R, colistin-resistant; TIG-S, tigecycline-susceptible; TIG-R, tigecycline-resistant. DS, synergistic (when log decrease in c.f.u. ml 1 as compared to use of a single agent); NS, non-synergistic. All tested isolates of bacteria were not detected in incubations with the combination of 1 MIC colistin and rifampicin within h after incubation (Table 3). Although KRU-A-3 regrew temporarily after 1 h of incubation, it was eventually eliminated. However, treatment with 0.5 MIC colistin plus rifampicin was bactericidal against only two isolates: KCU- and KCU-13. Treatment with a combination of 1 MIC colistin and tigecycline was also bactericidal against all A. baumannii isolates (Table 3, Fig. ). Treatment with 0.5 MIC colistin plus tigecycline was bactericidal or synergistic against only four isolates: one COL-S/TIG-S (KRU-A-3), one COL-R/TIG-S (KCU-), and the two COL-S/ TIG-R isolates. However, SKKU- (a COL-S/TIG-R isolate) showed regrowth after 1 h of incubation with 0.5 colistin plus tigecycline. Treatment with the combination of tigecycline and rifampicin was the least effective against the A. baumannii isolates tested (Table 3). Although all isolates reached undetectable levels in incubations with 1 tigecycline plus rifampicin, removal took longer (1 h) than for the other combinations. The 0.5 MIC of tigecycline and rifampicin was synergistic against only two COL-S/TIG-R isolates. Therefore, only two COL-S/TIG-R isolates were not detected by the combination of 0.5 tigecycline and rifampicin within h of incubation. DISCUSSION A. baumannii infections have traditionally been treated with broad-spectrum cephalosporins, b-lactams and b-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems (Munoz-Price & Weinstein, 00). However, the emergence of and subsequent increase in MDR A. baumannii isolates, including carbapenemresistant isolates, have limited the treatment options. Thus, treatment with polymyxins such as polymyxin B and colistin, which had previously been abandoned due to problems of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, is being used for these infections (Peleg et al., 00; Li et al., 00b). In addition, tigecycline, a new glycylcycline, has been introduced to treat MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections including A. baumannii (Peleg et al., 00). However, studies have reported development of resistance to colistin or tigecycline during the treatment (Hawley et al., 00; Liet al., 00a; Owen et al., 007; Peleg et al., 007). Monotherapy with colistin may be problematic for the treatment of colistinheteroresistant A. baumannii infections (Owen et al., 007). Even extreme drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii isolates, displaying resistance to all antimicrobials, including polymyxins and tigecycline, have emerged (Doi et al., 009; Park et al., 009d). Thus, combination therapy has been recommended not only to combat MDR A. baumannii infections but also to inhibit or reduce the emergence of resistance during treatment. Not a few studies have been performed on the in vitro activities of combination therapies against A. baumannii infections. Tripodi et al. (007) reported synergistic effects 35 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 1 On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
5 In vitro combination therapy against A. baumannii KRU-A-3 (COL-S/TIG-S) KHU- (COL-S/TIG-S) KCU- (COL-R/TIG-S) SKKU- (COL-S/TIG-R) SKKU- (COL-R/TIG-S) KCU-13 (COL-S/TIG-R) Fig. 1. Effects of imipenem (IMP), colistin (COL), and a combination of these agents on the viability of six imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. COL-S, colistin-susceptible; COL-R, colistin-resistant; TIG-S, tigecycline-susceptible; TIG-R, tigecyclineresistant. e, 0.5¾ MIC IMP; h, 0.5¾ MIC COL; #, 0.5¾ MIC IMP+COL; X, 1¾ MIC IMP; &, 1¾ MIC COL; $, 1¾ MIC IMP+COL. The in vitro time-kill experiments were duplicated; mean values are plotted. In most duplicate experiments, similar time-kill results were obtained. for combinations of rifampicin plus imipenem or ampicillin-sulbactam against MDR A. baumannii isolates. Colistin plus minocycline, tigecycline plus amikacin, carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) plus polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin), imipenem plus tigecycline, colistin plus vancomycin, colistin plus teicoplanin, and rifampicin plus sulbactam have also been reported to have synergistic effects (Hornsey & Wareham, 011; Moland et al., 00; Pachón- Ibáñez et al., 00; Gordon et al., 0; Pankey & Ashcraft, 009; Sopirala et al., 0; Tan et al., 007). In addition, imipenem plus sulbactam and colistin plus rifampicin combinations were effective in vitro against carbapenemresistant A. baumannii isolates (Song et al., 007). However, other in vitro time-kill studies demonstrated that tigecycline is ineffective when used in combination with polymyxin B, minocycline, imipenem, levofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam and rifampicin against carbapenem-nonsusceptible A. baumannii isolates (Moland et al., 00; Scheetz et al., 007). Overall, many in vitro and a few in vivo time-kill studies have indicated that antibiotic combination therapy is effective against infections caused by imipenemresistant A. baumannii, although the specific regimens that were shown to be effective differ in each study. To our knowledge, few studies except that of Vila-Farres et al. (011) have been performed on colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. In the present study, the effectiveness of five antimicrobial agents singly and in combinations against imipenemresistant, colistin-resistant or tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii blood isolates were evaluated using an in vitro time-kill analysis. In single-agent studies, only imipenem exhibited consistent bactericidal activity against all A. baumannii isolates tested. Although a bacteridical effect of 1 imipenem might be anticipated, even 0.5 MIC imipenem was bactericidal against some A. baumannii isolates. The other agents used singly yielded inconsistent results against A. baumannii even at 1 MIC. In particular, colistin or tigecycline alone was not always bactericidal even against colistin-susceptible or tigecyclinesusceptible isolates, respectively (Table ). This suggests that either colistin or tigecycline monotherapy is not likely to be effective against infections with carbapenemresistant A. baumannii isolates, irrespective of antimicrobial resistance. IP: On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
6 K. R. Peck and others 1 KRU-A-3 (COL-S/TIG-S) 1 KHU- (COL-S/TIG-S) KCU- (COL-R/TIG-S) 1 SKKU- (COL-R/TIG-S) SKKU- (COL-S/TIG-R) KCU-13 (COL-S/TIG-R) Fig.. Effects of colistin (COL), tigecycline (TIG) and a combination of these agents on the viability of six imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. COL-S, colistin-susceptible; COL-R, colistin-resistant; TIG-S, tigecycline-susceptible; TIG-R, tigecyclineresistant. e, 0.5¾ MIC COL; h, 0.5¾ MIC TIG; #, 0.5¾ MIC COL+TIG; X, 1¾ MIC COL; &, 1¾ MIC TIG; $, 1¾ MIC COL+TIG. The in vitro time-kill experiments were duplicated; mean values are plotted. In most duplicate experiments, similar time-kill results were obtained. In contrast to the single-agent experiments, combination regimens displayed excellent bactericidal activities. All imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates tested were not detected in incubations with all five combinations of antimicrobial agents at 1 MIC. Although treatment with combinations of antimicrobial agents at 0.5 MIC was effective against some isolates, the effects were not consistent. Only 0.5 MIC imipenem plus ampicillinsulbactam displayed bactericidal activity against all imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. As both imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam target the bacterial cell wall, their combination would be expected to kill the bacteria more rapidly, which may not have clinical implications. Excluding the combination imipenem and ampicillin-sulbactam, 0.5 MIC colistin plus tigecycline was the most effective, showing synergistic or bactericidal effects against four A. baumannii isolates. These results may indicate that increasing the dosage of antimicrobial agents sufficiently is required to achieve a bactericidal effect against resistant A. baumannii. However, high dosage of antimicrobial agents may lead to the further emergence of resistance and may increase the toxic effects of those agents. Thus, further investigation of the doses of combination agents that are sufficient to kill bacteria and to prevent the development of resistance is required. Although the imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates examined in this study belonged to different PFGE types, they have similar imipenem resistance mechanisms, bla OXA-51 and bla OXA-3, and all of them belonged to European clone II, an internationally disseminated clone (data not shown). While bla OXA-3 is the main mechanism of imipenem resistance in A. baumannii, especially in Korea (Park et al., 009d; Kim et al., 0), A. baumannii isolates possessing bla IMP and bla VIM are also important contributors to imipenem resistance, but such isolates were not included in this study. Our study did not analyse the colistin and tigecycline resistance mechanisms for the A. baumannii isolates tested. Thus, our results may not be generalizable to all imipenem-resistant, colistin-resistant or tigecyclineresistant A. baumannii isolates. However, our data suggest that some antimicrobial combinations may be effective for combating imipenem-resistant A. baumannii infections, including those due to colistin-resistant or tigecyclineresistant bacteria. 35 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 1 On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
7 In vitro combination therapy against A. baumannii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Health 1 R&D Project, Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (grant no. A05). REFERENCES Capone, A., D Arezzo, S., Visca, P. & Petrosillo, N. (00). In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. JAntimicrobChemother, 3. CLSI (0). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 0th informational supplement, M0 S0. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Dijkshoorn, L., Nemec, A. & Seifert, H. (007). An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Rev Microbiol 5, Doi, Y., Husain, S., Potoski, B. A., McCurry, K. R. & Paterson, D. L. (009). Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Emerg Infect Dis 15, Eliopoulos, G. M. & Moellering, R. C. (199). Antimicrobial combinations. In Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, th edn. Edited by V. Lorian. Baltimore, MA: Williams & Wilkins. Falagas, M. E., Bliziotis, I. A. & Siempos, I. I. (00). Attributable mortality of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in critically ill patients: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies. Crit Care, R. Gordon, N. C., Png, K. & Wareham, D. W. (0). Potent synergy and sustained bactericidal activity of a vancomycin-colistin combination versus multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5, Hawley, J. S., Murray, C. K. & Jorgensen, J. H. (00). Colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter and its association with previous colistin therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5, Hornsey, M. & Wareham, D. W. (011). In vivo efficacy of glycopeptidecolistin combination therapies in a Galleria mellonella model of Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55, Kim, C. K., Lee, Y., Lee, H., Woo, G. J., Song, W., Kim, M. N., Lee, W. G., Jeong, S. H., Lee, K. & Chong, Y. (0). Prevalence and diversity of carbapenemases among imipenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter isolates in Korea: emergence of a novel OXA-1. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 3 3. Li, J., Rayner, C. R., Nation, R. L., Owen, R. J., Spelman, D., Tan, K. E. & Liolios, L. (00a). Heteroresistance to colistin in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, Li, J., Nation, R. L., Turnidge, J. D., Milne, R. W., Coulthard, K., Rayner, C. R. & Paterson, D. L. (00b). Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect Dis, Moland, E. S., Craft, D. W., Hong, S. G., Kim, S. Y., Hachmeister, L., Sayed, S. D. & Thomson, K. S. (00). In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and selection of tigecycline-amikacin synergy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5, Munoz-Price, L. S. & Weinstein, R. A. (00). Acinetobacter infection. N Engl J Med 35, Owen, R. J., Li, J., Nation, R. L. & Spelman, D. (007). In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 59, Pachón-Ibáñez, M. E., Fernández-Cuenca, F., Docobo-Pérez, F., Pachón, J. & Pascual, A. (00). Prevention of rifampicin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii in an experimental pneumonia murine model, using rifampicin associated with imipenem or sulbactam. J Antimicrob Chemother 5, 9 9. Pankey, G. A. & Ashcraft, D. S. (009). The detection of synergy between meropenem and polymyxin B against meropenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using Etest and time-kill assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 3, 3. Park, Y. K., Jung, S. I., Park, K. H., Cheong, H. S., Peck, K. R., Song, J. H. & Ko, K. S. (009a). Independent emergence of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, Park, Y. K., Choi, J. Y., Song, J. H. & Ko, K. S. (009b). In vitro activity of tigecycline against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Korea. Int J Antimicrob Agents 33, Park, Y. K., Peck, K. R., Cheong, H. S., Chung, D. R., Song, J. H. & Ko, K. S. (009c). Extreme drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 15, Park, Y. K., Choi, J. Y., Jung, S. I., Park, K. H., Lee, H., Jung, D. S., Heo, S. T., Kim, S. W., Chang, H. H. & other authors (009d). Two distinct clones of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Korean hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, Peleg, A. Y., Potoski, B. A., Rea, R., Adams, J., Sethi, J., Capitano, B., Husain, S., Kwak, E. J., Bhat, S. V. & Paterson, D. L. (007). Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection while receiving tigecycline: a cautionary report. J Antimicrob Chemother 59, Peleg, A. Y., Seifert, H. & Paterson, D. L. (00). Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 1, Perez, F., Hujer, A. M., Hujer, K. M., Decker, B. K., Rather, P. N. & Bonomo, R. A. (007). Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51, Petersen, P. J., Labthavikul, P., Jones, C. H. & Bradford, P. A. (00). In vitro antibacterial activities of tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobial agents determined by chequerboard and time-kill kinetic analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 57, Scheetz, M. H., Qi, C., Warren, J. R., Postelnick, M. J., Zembower, T., Obias, A. & Noskin, G. A. (007). In vitro activities of various antimicrobials alone and in combination with tigecycline against carbapenem-intermediate or -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51, Song, J. Y., Kee, S. Y., Hwang, I. S., Seo, Y. B., Jeong, H. W., Kim, W. J. & Cheong, H. J. (007). In vitro activities of carbapenem/sulbactam combination, colistin, colistin/rifampicin combination and tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 0, Sopirala, M. M., Mangino, J. E., Gebreyes, W. A., Biller, B., Bannerman, T., Balada-Llasat, J. M. & Pancholi, P. (0). Synergy testing by Etest, microdilution checkerboard, and time-kill methods for pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5, 7 3. Tan, T. Y., Ng, L. S. Y., Tan, E. & Huang, G. (007). In vitro effect of minocycline and colistin combinations on imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. JAntimicrobChemother 0, 1 3. Tripodi, M. F., Durante-Mangoni, E., Fortunato, R., Utili, R. & Zarrilli, R. (007). Comparative activities of colistin, rifampicin, imipenem and sulbactam/ampicillin alone or in combination against IP: On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
8 K. R. Peck and others epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing OXA-5 carbapenemases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 30, Vila-Farres, X., Garcia de la Maria, C., López-Rojas, R., Pachón, J., Giralt, E. & Vila, J. (011). In vitro activity of several antimicrobial peptides against colistin-susceptible and colistinresistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Microbiol Infect dx.doi.org/.1111/j x (Epub ahead of print). 30 IP: Journal of Medical Microbiology 1 On: Mon, 7 Nov :03:5
Antimicrobial Synergy Testing By Time-Kill Methods For Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 12 Ver. X (Dec. 2017), PP 79-84 www.iosrjournals.org Antimicrobial Synergy Testing By Time-Kill
More informationOutline. Antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacilli. % susceptibility 7/11/2010
Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms Is Combination Therapy the Way to Go? Sutthiporn Pattharachayakul, PharmD Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand Outline Prevalence of anti-microbial resistance in Acinetobacter
More informationETX2514SUL (sulbactam/etx2514) for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections
ETX2514SUL (sulbactam/etx2514) for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections Robin Isaacs Chief Medical Officer, Entasis Therapeutics Dr. Isaacs is a full-time employee of Entasis Therapeutics.
More informationClinical and microbiological characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections
Journal of Medical Microbiology (2011), 60, 605 611 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.029439-0 Clinical and microbiological characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections Joon
More informationInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 33 (2009) 33 39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijantimicag
More informationAppropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean?
Appropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean? Jaehee Lee, M.D. Kyungpook National University Hospital, Korea KNUH since 1907 Presentation outline Empiric antimicrobial choice: right spectrum,
More informationWhat does multiresistance actually mean? Yohei Doi, MD, PhD University of Pittsburgh
What does multiresistance actually mean? Yohei Doi, MD, PhD University of Pittsburgh Disclosures Merck Research grant Clinical context of multiresistance Resistance to more classes of agents Less options
More informationWitchcraft for Gram negatives
Witchcraft for Gram negatives Dr Subramanian S MD DNB MNAMS AB (Medicine, Infect Dis) Infectious Diseases Consultant Global Health City, Chennai www.asksubra.com Drug resistance follows the drug like a
More informationAcinetobacter sp. isolates from emergency departments in two hospitals of South Korea
Journal of Medical Microbiology (2014), 63, 1363 1368 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.075325-0 Acinetobacter sp. isolates from emergency departments in two hospitals of South Korea Ji-Young Choi, 1 3 Eun Ah Ko, 2 3
More informationIn vitro assessment of cefoperazone-sulbactam based combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in China
Original Article In vitro assessment of cefoperazone-sulbactam based combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in China Tao Li 1, Meiyan Sheng 2, Tengzhen Gu 3, Yan Zhang
More informationUpdate on Resistance and Epidemiology of Nosocomial Respiratory Pathogens in Asia. Po-Ren Hsueh. National Taiwan University Hospital
Update on Resistance and Epidemiology of Nosocomial Respiratory Pathogens in Asia Po-Ren Hsueh National Taiwan University Hospital Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Microbiological Report Sputum from a
More informationOvernight identification of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carriage in hospitalized patients
TABLE 1. Origin and carbapenem resistance characteristics of the 64 Acinetobacter baumannii stock D-750 Overnight identification of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carriage in hospitalized patients
More informationETX2514: Responding to the global threat of nosocomial multidrug and extremely drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens
ETX2514: Responding to the global threat of nosocomial multidrug and extremely drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens Ruben Tommasi, PhD Chief Scientific Officer ECCMID 2017 April 24, 2017 Vienna, Austria
More informationMICRONAUT MICRONAUT-S Detection of Resistance Mechanisms. Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC
MICRONAUT Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC Automated and Customized Susceptibility Testing For detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical
More informationIntrinsic, implied and default resistance
Appendix A Intrinsic, implied and default resistance Magiorakos et al. [1] and CLSI [2] are our primary sources of information on intrinsic resistance. Sanford et al. [3] and Gilbert et al. [4] have been
More informationcrossm Global Assessment of the Activity of Tigecycline against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative pathogens between
RESEARCH ARTICLE Clinical Science and Epidemiology crossm Global Assessment of the Activity of Tigecycline against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens between 2004 and 2014 as Part of the Tigecycline
More informationEUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control
EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 59 ATCC
More informationPrevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiogram in a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 952-956 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationDR. MICHAEL A. BORG DIRECTOR OF INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL MATER DEI HOSPITAL - MALTA
DR. MICHAEL A. BORG DIRECTOR OF INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL MATER DEI HOSPITAL - MALTA The good old days The dread (of) infections that used to rage through the whole communities is muted Their retreat
More informationOriginal Article. Ratri Hortiwakul, M.Sc.*, Pantip Chayakul, M.D.*, Natnicha Ingviya, B.Sc.**
Original Article In Vitro Activity of Cefminox and Other β-lactam Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Extended- Spectrum-β-lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Ratri Hortiwakul,
More informationDetecting / Reporting Resistance in Nonfastidious GNR Part #2. Janet A. Hindler, MCLS MT(ASCP)
Detecting / Reporting Resistance in Nonfastidious GNR Part #2 Janet A. Hindler, MCLS MT(ASCP) Methods Described in CLSI M100-S21 for Testing non-enterobacteriaceae Organism Disk Diffusion MIC P. aeruginosa
More informationDifferences in phenotypic and genotypic traits against antimicrobial agents between Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2007) 59, 633 639 doi:10.1093/jac/dkm007 Advance Access publication 6 March 2007 Differences in phenotypic and genotypic traits against antimicrobial agents between
More informationSurveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance among Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital,
Original Article Vol. 28 No. 1 Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance:- Chaiwarith R, et al. 3 Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance among Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients at
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01
More informationRoutine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 3.1, valid from
Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version.1, valid from 01-01-01 Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus
More informationReceived 10 November 2006/Returned for modification 9 January 2007/Accepted 17 July 2007
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Oct. 2007, p. 3726 3730 Vol. 51, No. 10 0066-4804/07/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/aac.01406-06 Copyright 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Comparative
More informationSummary of unmet need guidance and statistical challenges
Summary of unmet need guidance and statistical challenges Daniel B. Rubin, PhD Statistical Reviewer Division of Biometrics IV Office of Biostatistics, CDER, FDA 1 Disclaimer This presentation reflects
More informationOther β-lactamase Inhibitor (BLI) Combinations: Focus on VNRX-5133, WCK 5222 and ETX2514SUL
Other β-lactamase Inhibitor (BLI) Combinations: Focus on VNRX-5133, WCK 5222 and ETX2514SUL David P. Nicolau, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA Director, Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development Hartford Hospital
More informationIn vitro Comparison of Anti-Biofilm Effects against
Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2015.47.1.27 Infect Chemother 2015;47(1):27-32 ISSN 2093-2340 (Print) ISSN 2092-6448 (Online) Infection & Chemotherapy In vitro Comparison of Anti-Biofilm
More informationTel: Fax:
CONCISE COMMUNICATION Bactericidal activity and synergy studies of BAL,a novel pyrrolidinone--ylidenemethyl cephem,tested against streptococci, enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci L. M.
More informationNosocomial Infections: What Are the Unmet Needs
Nosocomial Infections: What Are the Unmet Needs Jean Chastre, MD Service de Réanimation Médicale Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, France www.reamedpitie.com
More informationThe Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards
The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards Janet A. Hindler, MCLS, MT(ASCP) UCLA Health System Los Angeles, California, USA jhindler@ucla.edu 1 Learning Objectives Describe information
More informationIn vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access published February 8, 2007 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy doi:.93/jac/dkl52 In vitro pharmacodynamics of colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii
More informationFighting MDR Pathogens in the ICU
Fighting MDR Pathogens in the ICU Dr. Murat Akova Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankara, Turkey 1 50.000 deaths each year in US and Europe due to antimicrobial
More informationAcinetobacter Resistance in Turkish Tertiary Care Hospitals. Zeliha KOCAK TUFAN, MD, Assoc. Prof.
Acinetobacter Resistance in Turkish Tertiary Care Hospitals Zeliha KOCAK TUFAN, MD, Assoc. Prof. Acinetobacter Problem Countries that have reported hospital outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter
More informationSuggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing These suggestions are intended to indicate minimum sets of agents to test routinely in a diagnostic laboratory
More informationa. 379 laboratories provided quantitative results, e.g (DD method) to 35.4% (MIC method) of all participants; see Table 2.
AND QUANTITATIVE PRECISION (SAMPLE UR-01, 2017) Background and Plan of Analysis Sample UR-01 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(3):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 891-895 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.104
More informationMono- versus Bitherapy for Management of HAP/VAP in the ICU
Mono- versus Bitherapy for Management of HAP/VAP in the ICU Jean Chastre, www.reamedpitie.com Conflicts of interest: Consulting or Lecture fees: Nektar-Bayer, Pfizer, Brahms, Sanofi- Aventis, Janssen-Cilag,
More informationجداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی
جداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی ویرایش دوم بر اساس ed., 2017 CLSI M100 27 th تابستان ۶۹۳۱ تهیه
More informationActivity of a novel aminoglycoside, ACHN-490, against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from New York City
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Advance Access published July 31, 2010 J Antimicrob Chemother doi:10.1093/jac/dkq278 Activity of a novel aminoglycoside, ACHN-490, against clinical isolates of Escherichia
More informationETX0282, a Novel Oral Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
ETX0282, a Novel Oral Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Thomas Durand-Réville 02 June 2017 - ASM Microbe 2017 (Session #113) Disclosures Thomas Durand-Réville: Full-time Employee; Self;
More informationEARS Net Report, Quarter
EARS Net Report, Quarter 4 213 March 214 Key Points for 213* Escherichia coli: The proportion of patients with invasive infections caused by E. coli producing extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) increased
More informationShould we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? by author
Should we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? Paola Mastrantonio Department of Infectious Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome,Italy Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) (first
More informationESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat
ESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat Hicham Ezzat Professor of Microbiology and Immunology Cairo University Introduction 1 Since the 1980s there have been dramatic
More informationPrinciples of Antimicrobial Therapy
Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Doo Ryeon Chung, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Director, Infection Control Office SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE CASE 1
More informationReceived: February 29, 2008 Revised: July 22, 2008 Accepted: August 4, 2008
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 29;42:317-323 In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections at a medical center
More informationExtremely Drug-resistant organisms: Synergy Testing
Extremely Drug-resistant organisms: Synergy Testing Background Acinetobacter baumannii& Pseudomonas aeruginosa Emerging Gram-negative bacilli Part of the ESKAPE group of organisms 1 Enterococcus faecium
More informationWhat s new in EUCAST methods?
What s new in EUCAST methods? Derek Brown EUCAST Scientific Secretary Interactive question 1 MIC determination MH-F broth for broth microdilution testing of fastidious microorganisms Gradient MIC tests
More informationAvailable online at
Available online at www.annclinlabsci.org Time-Kill Synergy Tests of Tigecycline Combined with Imipenem, Amikacin, and Ciprofloxacin against Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
More informationOriginal Article Clinical Microbiology
Original Article Clinical Microbiology Ann Lab Med 2017;37:231-239 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2017.37.3.231 ISSN 2234-3806 eissn 2234-3814 Increasing Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolone,
More informationHigh-Risk MDR clones news in treatment
Ferrara, 20 giugno 2013 High-Risk MDR clones news in treatment Pierluigi Viale Clinica di Malattie Infettive Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired
More informationMechanism of antibiotic resistance
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance Dr.Siriwoot Sookkhee Ph.D (Biopharmaceutics) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Antibiotic resistance Cross-resistance : resistance
More informationNew Drugs for Bad Bugs- Statewide Antibiogram
New Drugs for Bad Bugs- Statewide Antibiogram Felicia Matthews, Pharm.D., BCPS Senior Consultant, Pharmacy Specialty BE MedMined Services Disclosures Employee of BD Corporation MedMined Services Agenda
More informationAPPENDIX III - DOUBLE DISK TEST FOR ESBL
Policy # MI\ANTI\04\03\v03 Page 1 of 5 Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Manual Subject Title: Appendix III - Double Disk Test for ESBL Issued by: LABORATORY MANAGER Original Date: January
More informationGENERAL NOTES: 2016 site of infection type of organism location of the patient
GENERAL NOTES: This is a summary of the antibiotic sensitivity profile of clinical isolates recovered at AIIMS Bhopal Hospital during the year 2016. However, for organisms in which < 30 isolates were recovered
More informationMDR Acinetobacter baumannii. Has the post antibiotic era arrived? Dr. Michael A. Borg Infection Control Dept Mater Dei Hospital Malta
MDR Acinetobacter baumannii Has the post antibiotic era arrived? Dr. Michael A. Borg Infection Control Dept Mater Dei Hospital Malta 1 The Armageddon recipe Transmissible organism with prolonged environmental
More informationAvailable online at ISSN No:
Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2017, 6(4): 36-42 Comparative Evaluation of In-Vitro Doripenem Susceptibility with Other
More informationHelp with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST
Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST This document sets out the main differences between the BSAC and EUCAST disc diffusion methods with specific emphasis on preparation prior to
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics Susan E. Sharp, Ph.D., DABMM, FAAM Director, Airport Way Regional Laboratory Director, Regional Microbiology and Molecular Infectious Diseases Laboratories
More informationComparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Juhee Ahn Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering Kangwon National University October 23, 27 Antibiotic Development
More informationBackground and Plan of Analysis
ENTEROCOCCI Background and Plan of Analysis UR-11 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony count, to perform the identification
More informationAntimicrobial Pharmacodynamics
Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics November 28, 2007 George P. Allen, Pharm.D. Assistant Professor, Pharmacy Practice OSU College of Pharmacy at OHSU Objectives Become familiar with PD parameters what they
More informationUnderstanding the Hospital Antibiogram
Understanding the Hospital Antibiogram Sharon Erdman, PharmD Clinical Professor Purdue University College of Pharmacy Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist Eskenazi Health 5 Understanding the Hospital
More informationOriginal Article Clinical Microbiology INTRODUCTION
Original Article Clinical Microbiology Ann Lab Med 2016;36:124-130 http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/alm.2016.36.2.124 ISSN 2234-3806 eissn 2234-3814 In Vitro Interactions of Antibiotic Combinations of Colistin,
More informationRISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII BACTEREMIA AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN THAILAND
RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII BACTEREMIA AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN THAILAND Siriluck Anunnatsiri 1 and Pantipa Tonsawan 2 1 Division of Infectious
More information2015 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzenza Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens
More informationTHE NAC CHALLENGE PANEL OF ISOLATES FOR VERIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS
THE NAC CHALLENGE PANEL OF ISOLATES FOR VERIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS Stefanie Desmet University Hospitals Leuven Laboratory medicine microbiology stefanie.desmet@uzleuven.be
More information2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Fairview Northland Medical Center and Elk River, Milaca, Princeton and Zimmerman Clinics 2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS 2016 Gram-Negative Non-Urine The number of isolates
More informationEvaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals
J Vet Diagn Invest :164 168 (1998) Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals Susannah K. Hubert, Phouc Dinh Nguyen, Robert D. Walker Abstract.
More informationManagement of hospital-acquired acquired pneumonia in the Asian Pacific region
Management of hospital-acquired acquired pneumonia in the Asian Pacific region Jae-Hoon Song, MD, PhD Samsung Medical Center Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Asian-Pacific
More information2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time)
Key words I μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ II Fig. 1. Microdilution plate. The dilution step of the antimicrobial agent is prepared in the -well microplate. Serial twofold dilution were prepared according
More informationBreaking the Ring. β-lactamases and the Great Arms Race. Bryce M Kayhart, PharmD, BCPS PGY2 Pharmacotherapy Resident Mayo Clinic - Rochester
Breaking the Ring β-lactamases and the Great Arms Race Bryce M Kayhart, PharmD, BCPS PGY2 Pharmacotherapy Resident Mayo Clinic - Rochester 2015 MFMER slide-1 Disclosures I have no relevant financial relationships
More informationHand Hygiene and MDRO (Multidrug-resistant Organisms) - Science and Myth PROF MARGARET IP DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
Hand Hygiene and MDRO (Multidrug-resistant Organisms) - Science and Myth PROF MARGARET IP DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY MDROs and Hand Hygiene Guidelines HH Apr14 The Science of Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings
More informationAddressing the evolving challenge of β-lactamase mediated antimicrobial resistance: ETX2514, a next-generation BLI with potent broadspectrum
Addressing the evolving challenge of β-lactamase mediated antimicrobial resistance: ETX2514, a next-generation BLI with potent broadspectrum activity against Class A, C and D enzymes Alita Miller, PhD
More informationon April 8, 2018 by guest
AAC Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 9 January 2017 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/aac.02252-16 Copyright 2017 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 2 3 4 Antimicrobial
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Surveillance from sentinel public hospitals, South Africa, 2013
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance from sentinel public s, South Africa, 213 Authors: Olga Perovic 1,2, Melony Fortuin-de Smidt 1, and Verushka Chetty 1 1 National Institute for Communicable Diseases
More informationon February 12, 2018 by guest
AAC Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 12 February 2018 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/aac.00047-18 Copyright 2018 Stapert et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of
More informationDoripenem: A new carbapenem antibiotic a review of comparative antimicrobial and bactericidal activities
REVIEW Doripenem: A new carbapenem antibiotic a review of comparative antimicrobial and bactericidal activities Fiona Walsh Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
More informationOther Beta - lactam Antibiotics
Other Beta - lactam Antibiotics Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali Lec 5 8 Nov 2017 Lecture outlines Other beta lactam antibiotics Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Other beta-lactam Antibiotics
More informationAntimicrobial Cycling. Donald E Low University of Toronto
Antimicrobial Cycling Donald E Low University of Toronto Bad Bugs, No Drugs 1 The Antimicrobial Availability Task Force of the IDSA 1 identified as particularly problematic pathogens A. baumannii and
More informationAntibiotic utilization and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance in intensive care units
NEW MICROBIOLOGICA, 34, 291-298, 2011 Antibiotic utilization and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance in intensive care units Vladimíra Vojtová 1, Milan Kolář 2, Kristýna Hricová 2, Radek Uvízl 3, Jan Neiser
More informationUpdates on the Management of Hospital Acquired Infections and Resistant Organisms
Updates on the Management of Hospital Acquired Infections and Resistant Organisms Conflict of Interest I, Kaitlin McGinn, have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this program. Kaitlin
More informationUpdates on the Management of Hospital Acquired Infections and Resistant Organisms
Updates on the Management of Hospital Acquired Infections and Resistant Organisms Kaitlin McGinn, PharmD Assistant Clinical Professor, Critical Care Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy November
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PK/PD OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS
HTIDE CONFERENCE 2018 OPTIMIZATION OF PK/PD OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS FEDERICO PEA INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF UDINE, ITALY SANTA
More informationUDC: : :579.22/ :615.28
www.imiamn.org.ua /journal.htm 8 UDC: 6.33:61.017.1:579./.841.9:6.8 SUBSTANTIATION OF OVERCOMING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII CLINICAL STRAINS BY USAGE OF DECAMETHOXINUM Nazarchuk
More informationAdvance Access published September 16, 2004
Advance Access published September 16, 2004 Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh435 JAC Post-antibiotic effect induced by an antibiotic combination: influence of mode, sequence and
More informationJanuary 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1
January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1. and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Interpretive Standards for Testing Conditions Medium: diffusion: Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) roth dilution: cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton
More informationVentilator associated Pneumonia due to Multi Drug Resistant, Colistin-S Acinetobacter baumannii: Successful Revival of Colistin, A Forgotten Drug
Case Study Ventilator associated Pneumonia due to Multi Drug Resistant, Colistin-S Acinetobacter baumannii: Successful Revival of Colistin, A Forgotten Drug *Deepak Juyal, Shekhar Pal, Jyoti Sangwan, Neelam
More informationBacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from a Teaching Hospital, Bengaluru, India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 11 (2015) pp. 731-736 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from a Teaching
More informationDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII A GROWING SUPERBUG POPULATION. Cara Wilder Ph.D. Technical Writer March 13 th 2014
DRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII A GROWING SUPERBUG POPULATION Cara Wilder Ph.D. Technical Writer March 13 th 2014 ATCC Founded in 1925, ATCC is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Manassas,
More informationConcise Antibiogram Toolkit Background
Background This toolkit is designed to guide nursing homes in creating their own antibiograms, an important tool for guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. Information about antibiograms and instructions
More informationDefining Extended Spectrum b-lactamases: Implications of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration- Based Screening Versus Clavulanate Confirmation Testing
Infect Dis Ther (2015) 4:513 518 DOI 10.1007/s40121-015-0094-6 BRIEF REPORT Defining Extended Spectrum b-lactamases: Implications of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration- Based Screening Versus Clavulanate
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author
Expert rules in susceptibility testing EUCAST-ESGARS-EPASG Educational Workshop Linz, 16 19 September, 2014 Dr. Rafael Cantón Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal SERVICIO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA Y PARASITOLOGÍA
More information2015 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Report
Gram negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GNSOP) 2015 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Report Prepared by A/Professor Thomas Gottlieb Concord Hospital Sydney Jan Bell The University of Adelaide Adelaide On behalf
More informationInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 35 (2010) 227 234 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijantimicag
More informationIn vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin Against Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteria in Korea
J Korean Med Sci 2002; 17: 737-42 ISSN 1011-8934 Copyright The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences In vitro Activity of Gemifloxacin Against Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteria in Korea Gemifloxacin is
More informationHeteroresistance to Meropenem in Carbapenem-Susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2009, p. 4055 4059 Vol. 47, No. 12 0095-1137/09/$12.00 doi:10.1128/jcm.00959-09 Copyright 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Heteroresistance
More informationClassification of drug resistance and novel single plate sensitivity testing to screen ESBL, AmpC, MBL in MDR, XDR and PDR isolates
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 10 Ver.III (Oct. 2015), PP 54-59 www.iosrjournals.org Classification of drug resistance and
More information