IJRMS Vol.02 Issue-04, (April, 2016) ISSN: International Journal of Research in Medical and Basic Sciences (Impact Factor: 3.

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1 In Vitro Study of Antibacterial Activity of Chenopodiu Albu against Certain Bacterial Pathogens Abstract Dr.Suer singh * and Chinky Gupta** *Associate professor, Singhania University,Pacheri bari,jhunjhunu.(raj) ** Research Scholar, School of Life Science, Singhania University,Pacheri bari,jhunjhunu.(raj) The ultidrug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is very big challenge in drug discovery at present tie in allover world. This research work was designed to exaine the in vitro antiicrobial activities of leaves aqueous, ethanolic ad chlorofor extracts of Chenopodiu albu L. Chenopodiu albu leaves were collected fro Mahendergarh district, Haryana and Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan. The effects of aqueous, ethanolic ad chlorofor extracts were tested against 6 bacterial strains by using disc,welldiffusion ethod. Results showed that leaves aqueous, ethanolic ad chlorofor extracts of C.albu has activity against the selected bacterial strains. Introduction Huan beings have used plants for the treatent of diverse ailents for thousands of years 1, 2. According to the World Health Organization, ost populations still rely on traditional edicines for their psychological and physical health requireents 3, since they cannot afford the products of Western pharaceutical industries 4, together with their side effects and lack of healthcare facilities 5. Rural areas of any developing countries still rely on traditional edicine for their priary health care needs and have found a place in day-to-day life. Chenopodiu albu coonly naed as Chilva. It is herbaceous, high, erect or ascending, ealy or green or reddish, inodorous. Bakshi and his friends (1999) reported that the plants and their parts are useful in curing anorexia, cough, dysentry, diarrhoea, piles and kills sall wors 6. K. P. Singh et al. (2011) evaluated the antibacterial activities of C. albu L. against huan pathogenic bacteria 7. Thus the principal objective of present study was to screen antibacterial activity of Chenopodiu albu against gra negative and gra positive bacteria. eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 17

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS Bacterial strains The bacteria used in this study are Escherichia coli, Pseudoonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneuoniae, Shigella dysentriae and all were collected fro Singhania University hospital. Preparation of crude extracts The leaves of Chenopodiu albu (Chilva) were collected locally fro Mahendergarh district, Haryana and Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, India. The shade dried leaves were grinded into fine powder and the total ass was subjected to extraction by a hot percolation ethod with aqueous solution, Methanol and Chlorofor in Soxhlet apparatus (fig.2). Antibacterial activity Antibacterial activity by disc diffusion ethod and agar well diffusion ethod 8.The icroorganis was activated by inoculating a loopful of the strain in the nutrient broth (30l) and incubated on a rotary shaker. Then 0.2 l of inoculu (inoculu size was 10 8 cells/l as per McFarland standard) was inoculated into the olten Muller Hinton agar edia and after proper hoogenization it was poured into the Petri plate. For agar disc diffusion ethod, the test copound (0.1 l) at four different concentrations i.e. 15 μg/l, 20 μg/l 25 μg/l 30 μg/l, was introduced on the disc (0.7 c) and then allowed to dry. Then the disc was ipregnated on the seeded agar plate. For agar well diffusion ethod (Klastrup, 1975), a well was ade in the seeded plates with the help of a cup-borer. The test copound at four different concentrations i.e. 15, 20, 25, 30μg/l, was introduced into the well and the plates were incubated at 37ºC for 24 h. Microbial growth was deterined by easuring the diaeter of zone of inhibition. For each bacterial strain, controls were aintained in which pure solvents were used instead of the extract. The control zones were subtracted fro the test zones and the resulting zone eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 18

3 diaeter is shown in the graph. The experient was done three ties and the ean values are presented. Results and Discussion The antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Chenopodiu albu was tested against six different isolated pathogens entioned above at different concentrations. The various concentrations used were 15, 20, 25, 30μg/l. The ean value of the diaeter of inhibition zone (in ) was observed. It was observed that the aqueous extract of Chenopodiu albu is ost effective against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition 17.6 ± 0.2 at a iniu concentration of 15μg/l, which is slightly less than the used standard antibiotic Chloraphenicol (17.8 ± 0.3) at sae concentration (fig.3).after Staphylococcus aureus, this extract was found to be effective against Shigella dysentriae (13.4 ± 0.2) (Table-1). The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Chenopodiu albu was tested against six different isolated pathogens entioned above at different concentrations. The various concentrations used were 15, 20, 25, 30μg/l. The ean value of the diaeter of inhibition zone (in ) was observed. It was observed that the ethanol extract of Chenopodiu albu is ost effective against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition 17.3 ± 0.3 at a iniu concentration of 15μg/l, which is slightly less than the used standard antibiotic Chloraphenicol (17.8 ± 0.3) at sae concentration(fig.4). After Staphylococcus aureus, this extract was found to be effective against Shigella dysentriae (13.0 ± 0.3) (Table-1). The antibacterial activity of chlorofor extract of Chenopodiu albu was tested against six different isolated pathogens entioned above at different concentrations. The various concentrations used were 15, 20, 25, 30μg/l. The ean value of the diaeter of inhibition zone (in ) was observed. It was observed that the chlorofor extract of Chenopodiu albu is ost effective against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition 17.1 ± 0.2 at a iniu concentration of 15μg/l, which is less eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 19

4 than the used standard antibiotic Chloraphenicol (17.8 ± 0.3) at sae concentration(fig.5). After Staphylococcus aureus, this extract was found to be effective against Shigella dysentriae (12.8 ± 0.3) followed by Pseudoonas aeruginosa (12.4 ±0.2) (Table-1). Plant extracts have been used for any thousands of years in food preservation and pharaceuticals. It is necessary to survey those plants theoretically which have been used in traditional edicine to odify the quality of healthcare. The plant extracts are potential sources of odern antiicrobial copounds especially against bacterial pathogens 9.In vitro studies in this work showed that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Chenopodiu albu leaves have significant role against growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysentriae but Chlorofor extract of Chenopodiu albu leaves very effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentriae and Pseudoonas aeruginosa. We found dissiilar results fro study of Ajad,L. & Alizad,Z.( 2012) 9 where it is reported that flowers and leaves ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Chenopodiu albu L. do not have any activity against the selected bacterial strains like Escherichia coli, Pseudoonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus whereas previous study in China supported our study and reported that leaves 95% ethanolic extract of Chenopodiu albu have inhibition effect on the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 10. ( Fig. 1:- Chenopodiu albu Fig.2:- Soxhlet apparatus eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 20

5 Fig.-3:- Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Chenopodiu albu against Staphylococcus aureus Fig.-4:- Effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Chenopodiu albu against Staphylococcus aureus Fig.5:-Effect of Chlorofor extract of leaves of Chenopodiu albu against Staphylococcus aureus REFERENCES 1. Sofowora, A. (1982). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicinal in Africa. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2. Hill, A.F.( 1989). Econoic Botany: A Text Book of Useful Plants and Plant Products. 2 nd Edn. New York: McGraw Hill Book Copany, Inc. eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 21

6 3. Rabe, T., Stoden, V.& Antory, B.( 2000). Isolation purification and identification of curcuinoids fro tureric (Curcua longa) by colun chroatography. J. Exp. Sci., 2: Salie, &Sion, A. (1996). Inhibitory effect of curcuinoids on MCF 7 cell proliferation and structure-activity relationship. 129: Griggs, & Govendarajan (2001). Tureric - Cheistry, Technology and Quality. CRC Food Sci. Nutr., 12: Bakshi, D.N.G., Sensara, P. & Pal, D.C.(1999). A lexicon of edicinal plants in India, Naya Prakash, Calcutta, Singh, K.P., Dwevedi, A.K.& Dhakre, G.( 2011). Evaluation of Antibacterial activities of Chenopodiu albu L. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharaceutical Technology.,2:3. 8. Nair, R.& Chanda, S.V. (2007). Antibacterial Activities of Soe Medicinal Plants of the Western Region of India, Turk J Biol., 31: Ajad, L. & Alizad, Z.(2012). Antibacterial Activity of the Chennopodiu albu Leaves and Flowers Extract,International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation.,6: Singh, P., Shivhare, Y. Singhai, AK. &Shara, A. (2011). Pharacological and phytocheical profile of Chenopodiu albu Linn.,Res. J.Phara.Techno., 03:04: eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 22

7 Table 1: Antiicrobial activity of aqueous, Ethanol, Chlorofor extracts of Chenopodiu albu against certain pathogens (Mean ± SEM) Pathoge Chenopodiu albu Chloraphenicol 15 µg/l 20 µg/l 25 µg/l 30 µg/l 15 µg/l Escherichia coli 12.2 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.2 Pseudoonas aeruginosa 13.1 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.3 Staphylococcus aureus 17.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± *± ± ± ±0.3 Proteus vulgaris 12.2 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.4 Klebsiella pneuoniae 13.2 ± ±0.1 \ 12.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.3 Shigella dysentriae 13.4± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.4 eail id- irjss@gail.co Page 23