Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Transcription

1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal distention, with ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Abscesses, with dermatologic diseases, in chinchillas, 574 in guinea pigs, 557 in mice, barbering associated with, 810 in rabbits, subcutaneous, 554 in reptiles, 527 pododermatitis-related, 717 Abuse, self-injurious behaviors related to, 806 Acaricide drugs, for ectoparasites, in small mammals, 641 Acrylic ramp and the pin, for beak growth abnormalities, in avians, 788 Acupuncture, for pododermatitis, 732 Adhesives, for avian fractures, 782, 784 Adrenal disease. See Hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenal panel, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, Aesthetics, of fish dermatology, viral infections and, Age, ovarian cysts related to, in guinea pig, Aggression, barbering and, 810 Alopecia, as behavioral dermatopathy, in guinea pigs, stress impact on, 804, 809 with ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, , 770, 812 differential diagnosis of, 765 Alternative therapies, for pododermatitis, acupuncture as, 732 natural remedies as, therapeutic laser as, Amphibian dermatology, chytridiomycosis in, B. dendrobatidis life cycle, 670. See also Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). cause of death from, 671 clinical signs of, diagnosis of, introduction to, normal skin physiology and, 670 pathophysiology of, skin physiology in, 670 summary overview of, 682 treatment of, chemicals in, benzalkonium chloride as, 680 formalin as, 679 malachite green as, 679 Vet Clin Exot Anim 16 (2013) vetexotic.theclinics.com /13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 822 Amphibian (continued ) chloramphenicol in, failure of, 676 general considerations in, itraconazole in, other azole antifungals in, 678 probiotics in, 680 supportive strategies in, antibiotics as, , 681 fluid therapy as, 681 nutrition as, temperature in, 680 terbinafine in, 679 clinical approach to, 525, dermatologic examination for, 525, clinical examination in, 525 clinical history in, 525 diagnostic testing for, differential diagnoses of, acidic or alkaline environment, ammonia toxicity, 537 arthropods, 533 bacterial diseases, 534 chlamydophilosis, 534 chytrid, 535 elevated water hardness, 536 flavobacteriosis, 534 fly larvae, 534 fungal diseases, gas bubble disease, 536 husbandry-related diseases, lead toxicity, 537 leeches, 533 metabolic bone disease, 536 mites, 534 mycobacteriosis, 534 nematodes, 533 neoplasia, 537 nutritional deficiencies, 536 parasitic diaereses, 533 pigmented fungi, 535 protozoal disease, 533 ranavirus, 535 red leg syndrome, 534 rostral abrasions, 537 ticks, 534 trematodes, 533 water molds, 536 skin structure and function review for, 525 summary overview of, 523, 525, 575 Amputation, self-injurious behaviors and, 807

3 Amyloidosis, with pododermatitis, 717 Amyxomatous (respiratory myxomatosis), in rabbits, 708, Anal swab, for viral infections, in fish, 690 Analgesia, for pododermatitis, 730 Anatomic abnormalities, pododermatitis related to, Anchor worm, in fish, 541 Antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (AIPMMA) beads, for pododermatitis lesions, 730 Antibiotics, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, , 681 for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, 601, 606 for pododermatitis, systemic, topical, Antidepressants, for self-mutilating sugar gliders, 813 Antifungal regimens, for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in humans, 667 in reptiles, 666 for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, Antigen/antibody tests, for viral infection, in fish, 691, 693, 697 Antiinflammatory drugs. See also Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, , Antimicrobial ointments, for pododermatitis, Antimicrobial therapy, for VUND, in reptiles, 750 Arenavirus, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742 Arthritis, with pododermatitis, Articular gout, in avians, Aspergillus spp., in avians, beak, claw, and feet conditions related to, 792 Autoimmune disease, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 741 Avascular necrosis, of avian distal extremities, pododermatitis as, 717 Avian dermatology, beak, claws, and feet in, anatomy of, beak or bill, 778 claws, feet, 779 environmental causes of, avascular necrosis of distal extremities as, avulsion fractures as, beak growth abnormalities as, treatment of, fractures as, treatment of, frostbite injuries as, leg-band injuries as, pododermatitis as, thermal injuries as, 781 trauma as, idiopathic causes of, articular gout as, beak overgrowth as, brown hypertrophy of the cere as, 797 neoplasia as, self-mutilation as,

4 824 Avian (continued) infectious causes of, bacterial agents as, fungal agents as, 792 parasitic agents as, viral agents as, treatment of, introduction to, nutritional causes of, , 793 summary overview of, clinical approach to, 539, , 556 dermatologic examination for, 546, 551, 556 clinical examination in, 546, 551 clinical history in, 546 diagnostic testing for, 551, 556 differential diagnoses of, , 556 allergic skin disease, 550 articular gout, 550 aspergillosis, 548 bacterial diseases, 547 bumblefoot, 547 candidiasis, 548 chronic ulcerative dermatitis, 549 constricted toe syndrome, 550 feather follicle cysts, 550 feather mites, 547 feather picking, 549, 551, 556 fungal diseases, 548 giardiasis, 547 hypothyroidism, 550 idiopathic diseases, malassezia, 548 mycobacterial granuloma, 547 neoplasia, 549 nutritional deficiencies, 549 Ornithonyssus spp., 547 papillomas, 548 parasitic diseases, 547 polyoma virus, 548 poxvirus, 549 psittacine beak and feather disease, 548 quill mites, 547 red mite, 547 scaly leg/beak mite, 547 viral diseases, xanthomatosis, 549 skin structure and function review for, feather types and properties, 546 summary overview of, 523, 539, 545, 575 pododermatitis in, See also Pododermatitis. differential diagnoses of, 547

5 825 environmental causes of, foot anatomy and physiology and, 716 raptor examples of, , 724 Avipoxvirus spp., in avians, beak, claw, and feet conditions related to, Avulsion fractures, of avian beak, claws, and feet, Azathioprine, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, , 607 Azithromycin, for pododermatitis, 730 Azoles, for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in humans, 667 in reptiles, 666 for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 678 B Bacterial dermatitis, in reptiles, 526, 530 ulcerative, 526, 530 self-trauma associated with, 815 Bacterial infections in amphibians, 534 in avians, beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, differential diagnoses of, 547 in chelonia, VUND associated with, management of, in chinchillas, 574 in ferrets, pyoderma as, 570 with erythema multiforme, 604 in fish, differential diagnoses of, 541, 545 septicemia associated with, 542 in gerbils and hamsters, pyoderma as, 561 in guinea pigs, 557 in mice and rats, 566 in rabbits, 554 in reptiles, differential diagnoses of, 526, 530 VUND associated with, in snakes, ulcerative, in python, 526, 530 VUND associated with, 743, 745, 749 in tortoises, desert, swamp, 745 water, 745, pododermatitis related to, 717, 724 Bacterial ulcerative dermatitis, in python, 526, 530 self-trauma associated with, 815 Ball bandage, for avian fractures, 784 for pododermatitis, Bandaging, for avian fractures, 784 for pododermatitis, ball, interdigital, nonadherent wound dressings for, 727 polypropylene foam shoes for, raptor cautions with, semiocclusive dressings for, 727

6 826 Bandaging (continued) wet-to-dry, 728 for VUND, in reptiles, 751 Barbering, in degus, 808 in gerbils and hamsters, differential diagnoses of, 563 in guinea pigs, differential diagnoses of, 559 in mice, 804, differential diagnoses of, 568 in rabbits, 555, 808 in rats, 568, 808 in small mammals, Basal cell tumor with sebaceous and squamous differentiation, in ferrets, 572, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), in amphibians, cause of death from, 671 clinical signs of, diagnosis of, host resistance to, 671 introduction to, life cycle of Bd and, 670 normal skin physiology and, 670 pathophysiology of, summary overview of, 682 treatment of, chemicals in, benzalkonium chloride as, 680 formalin as, 679 malachite green as, 679 chloramphenicol in, failure of, 676 general considerations in, itraconazole in, other azole antifungals in, 678 probiotics in, 680 supportive strategies in, antibiotics, 681 fluid therapy, 681 nutrition, temperature in, 680 terbinafine in, 679 life cycle of, 670 Beak, of avians, dermatologic conditions of, anatomy of, 778 environmental causes of, avulsion fractures as, fractures as, treatment of, growth abnormalities as, treatment of, thermal injuries as, 781

7 trauma as, idiopathic causes of, brown hypertrophy of the cere as, 797 neoplasia as, overgrowth as, self-mutilation as, infectious causes of, bacterial agents as, fungal agents as, 792 parasitic agents as, viral agents as, treatment of, introduction to, nutritional causes of, , 793 summary overview of, Beak deformity, in avians, 786 Beak growth abnormalities, in avians, overgrowth as, treatment of, Beak overgrowth, in avians, Bearded dragons, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, Behavioral dermatopathies, cutaneous sensory disorders in, 802, introduction to, of small mammals, alopecia as, in guinea pigs, barbering in mice, 804, fur chewing in chinchillas, self-mutilation in sugar gliders, ulcerative dermatitis as, pododermatitis as, 724 primary psychiatric disorders in, abnormal repetitive behaviors, 802, self-injurious behaviors (self-mutilation), in sugar gliders, psychophysiologic disorders in, stress and, , 809 summary overview of, 816 treatment of, Benzalkonium chloride, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 680 Bill, of avians, anatomy of, 778 dermatologic conditions of. See Beak. Biopsies, for viral infections, in fish, 690, 699 for VUND, in reptiles, 746 of skin. See Skin biopsy. Biotin deficiency, dermatologic disease related to, in ferrets, 572 pododermatitis as, 723 Birds, dermatologic diseases in. See Avian dermatology. Birnaviridae, in fish, 694 Bites/biting, pododermatitis related to,

8 828 Bites/biting (continued) self-injurious behaviors and, 807 Bladder catheterization, for viral infections, in fish, 690 Blepharoconjunctivitis, with myxomatosis, in rabbits, , 710 Blood culture, for VUND, in reptiles, treatment based on, 750 Body weight, pododermatitis related to, 720 Body-focused repetitive disorders (BFRD), 815 Boredom, in behavioral dermatopathies, 802, 812 Brain-derived neurotropin factor (BDNF), in stress response, Brown hypertrophy of the cere, in avian, 797 Budgerigar, beak infections in, brown hypertrophy of the cere in, 797 foot infections in, leg-band injuries in, pododermatitis in, 722 Bullfrogs, chytridiomycosis in, 680 Bumblefoot. See Pododermatitis. Buprenorphine, for pododermatitis, 730 Burns, in avians, beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, 781 in reptiles, VUND associated with, 740 pododermatitis related to, 724 C Cage mates, barbering of, Canary, avascular necrosis of distal leg in, claw tumors in, Carcinoma, basal cell, with sebaceous and squamous differentiation, in ferrets, 572, squamous cell. See Squamous cell carcinoma. Carp, viral infections in, Cere, brown hypertrophy of, in avian, 797 Chameleons, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, 661, 663 Chelonia. See also Tortoises. bacterial VUND in, management of, skin anatomy and physiology in, wound healing in, 749, 751 Chemical treatments, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, benzalkonium chloride as, 680 formalin as, 679 malachite green as, 679 Chinchillas, dermatologic disease in, behavioral, fur chewing as, dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, abscesses, 574 bacterial diseases, 574

9 cotton fur syndrome, 574 dermatophytosis, 574 dietary deficiencies, 574 fungal diseases, 574 fur chewing, 574 fur-slip, 574 husbandry-related diseases, 574 matted fur, 574 moist dermatitis, 574 yellow ears/fat, 574 ectoparasites as, treatment of, 648 skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 Chloramphenicol, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV), in reptiles, as pathogen, 660 clinical signs of, 661 crocodilians, 664 diagnostic testing for, epidemiology of, 660, 667 introduction to, lizards, risk factors for, 667 snakes, species found to be infected with, summary overview of, 667 therapy for, VUND associated with, 743 zoonotic potential of, 667 Chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, See also Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Claws, of avians, dermatologic conditions of, anatomy of, 716, environmental causes of, avascular necrosis of distal extremities as, avulsion fractures as, fractures as, treatment of, frostbite injuries as, leg-band injuries as, pododermatitis as, thermal injuries as, 781 trauma as, idiopathic causes of, articular gout as, brown hypertrophy of the cere as, 797 neoplasia as, self-mutilation as, infectious causes of, bacterial agents as, fungal agents as, 792 parasitic agents as,

10 830 Claws (continued) viral agents as, treatment of, introduction to, nutritional causes of, , 793 summary overview of, Clinical approach, to dermatologic disease, in amphibians, 525, See also Amphibian dermatology. in avians, 539, , 556. See also Avian dermatology. in fish, 532, See also Fish dermatology. in reptiles, See also Reptile dermatology. in small mammals, See also Small mammal dermatology; specific mammal. introduction to, 523 summary overview of, 575 Clinical examination. See Physical examination. Clinical history. See History taking. Coaptation, external, for avian fractures, 784 Cockatoos, beak growth abnormalities in, PBFD in, pododermatitis in, 723 Compulsive disorders, dermatopathies related to, Computed tomography (CT), for pododermatitis, 725 Conformational abnormalities, pododermatitis related to, Connecting rete (CR), in guinea pig, Contaminants, environmental, VUND associated with, in reptiles, 741, 743 Coping, maladaptive, self-injurious behaviors related to, 806 Crocodilians, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, 662, 664 as pathogen, 660 clinical signs of, 661 diagnostic testing for, introduction to, summary overview of, 667 therapy for, zoonotic potential of, 667 wound healing in, 749 Crusting, behavioral dermatopathies and, neutrophilic, with erythema multiforme, in ferrets, 605 with ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Cryptocaryon protozoan, in fish, 688 Culture (and sensitivity), for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, 665 for pododermatitis, 725, 729 for viral infections, in fish, , 697, 699 for VUND, in reptiles, treatment based on, 750 Cutaneous disease. See Dermatologic disease. Cutaneous neoplasia, in small mammals, See also specific mammal. ferrets, guinea pigs, introduction to, rabbits, summary overview of, 596

11 831 Cutaneous sensory disorders, behavioral dermatopathies related to, 802, Cutting, behavioral dermatopathies related to, in sugar gliders, Cyclosporine, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, 603, CyHV1, in fish, CyHV2, in fish, 694, 696 CyHV3, in fish, 694, Cystadenoma, of apocrine gland, in ferrets, 572, 581, 585 Cysts, feather follicle, in avians, 550 ovarian, in guinea pigs, See also Ovarian cysts. Cytokines, in stress response, 804 Cytology, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, for viral infections, in fish, 692 D Dalila effect, in mice, Dart frogs, chytridiomycosis in, Database creation, minimal, for pododermatitis, 725 Debridement, surgical, for pododermatitis, 730 for VUND, in reptiles, Degus, dermatologic disease in, barbering as, 808 ectoparasites as, 640, 649 Depression, self-injurious behaviors related to, Dermal anatomy and physiology. See Skin anatomy and physiology. Dermatitis, in chinchillas, moist, 574 in gerbils and hamsters, facial, 563 nasal, 563 in guinea pig, with ovarian cysts, in reptiles, See also Vesicular, ulcerative, and necrotic dermatitis (VUND). bacterial, 526, 530 bacterial ulcerative, 526, 530 fungal, 527 pododermatitis as. See Pododermatitis. self-trauma associated with, 815 ulcerative. See Ulcerative dermatitis (UD). Dermatologic disease, behavioral, See also Behavioral dermatopathies. bumblefoot as, See also Pododermatitis. Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii as, in reptiles, See also Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). chytridiomycosis as, in amphibians, See also Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd); Chytridiomycosis. clinical approach to, in amphibians, 525, See also Amphibian dermatology. in avians, 539, , 556. See also Avian dermatology. in fish, 532, See also Fish dermatology. in reptiles, See also Reptile dermatology. in small mammals, See also Small mammal dermatology; specific mammal. introduction to, 523 summary overview of, 575

12 832 Dermatologic (continued ) cutaneous neoplasia as, in small mammals, See also Cutaneous neoplasia. dermatitis as. See also Dermatitis. in reptiles, See also Vesicular, ulcerative, and necrotic dermatitis (VUND). ectoparasites as, in small mammals, See also Ectoparasites. erythema multiforme as, in ferrets, See also Erythema multiforme (EM). of beak, claws, and feet, in avians, See also Beak; Claws; Feet. ovarian cysts as, in guinea pigs, See also Ovarian cysts. viral. See also Viral infections. in fish, See also Fish dermatology. in rabbits, See also Rabbit dermatology. Desert tortoises, bacterial-associated skin disease in, Deslorelin acetate, for adrenal disease, in ferrets, with erythema multiforme, 608 for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Dexamethasone, for pododermatitis, Diet. See Nutrition. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for pododermatitis, Distal extremities, of avians, avascular necrosis of, Dominance behavior, barbering and, 810 Dot blot, for viral infection, in fish, 691 Dry-docking, for VUND management, in reptiles, Ducks, pododermatitis in, 721 Dyesthesia, self-injurious behaviors related to, E Eastern massasauga snakes, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, 664 Ecdysis, of epidermis, in reptiles, 740 wound care consideration of, 751 wound healing stages and, 748 Ectoparasites, in amphibians, 534 in avians, 547 in fish, in reptiles, 527, 530 in small mammals, See also specific mammal. common characteristics of, 612 fleas as, , See also Fleas. helminths as, introduction to, 552, 571, lice as, See also Lice. mites as, See also Mites. differentiation aid for, summary overview of, 641 therapy for, 640 drug contraindications in, 641 species-specific guidelines for, ticks as, , 638. See also Ticks. Edema (swelling), with myxomatosis, in rabbits, Electrolyte transport, in amphibian skin, 670 chytridiomycosis depletion of, 671 Electron microscopy, for VUND, in reptiles, 747

13 Enclosure temperature, for reptiles, VUND associated with, 741 Enrofloxacin, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 681 for pododermatitis, 730 Enteral tube feedings, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 682 Environment. See also Husbandry practices. avian beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, avascular necrosis of distal extremities as, avulsion fractures as, beak growth abnormalities as, treatment of, fractures as, treatment of, frostbite injuries as, leg-band injuries as, pododermatitis as, thermal injuries as, 781 trauma as, behavioral dermatopathies associated with, , , 812 treatment based on, for chytridiomycosis prevention, in amphibians, 675 temperature and, 680 for pododermatitis prevention, for reptiles, VUND associated with, 741, 743, 745 management of, 750 Enzyme topicals, for pododermatitis, 729 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for viral infections, in fish, 691, 697 Epidermis, in reptiles, ecdysis stages of, 740 in wound healing response, 748 layers of, wound care consideration of, 751 Epithelial cells, in reptile epidermis layers, regular replacement of, 740 wound healing response and, 748 Epizootic hematopietic necrosis virus (EHNV), 698 Erythema multiforme (EM), in ferrets, adrenal disease associated with, treatment of, clinical course of, progression variations in, clinical history findings with, 600 definitive diagnosis of, diagnosis of, 604 differential diagnosis of, discussion on, etiologies of, 600 introduction to, laboratory findings with, physical examination findings with, 600 skin lesions associated with, histologic findings of, summary overview of,

14 834 Erythema (continued) treatment options for, Escherichia coli, pododermatitis associated with, 717 Estrus duration, in guinea pig, ovarian cysts related to, , 812 Exophiala angulospora, in fish, Extraovarian rete (ER), in guinea pig, F Feet, anatomy and physiology of, guinea pigs, dermatologic disease in, pododermatitis as, foot anatomy and physiology and, in pododermatitis, of avians, 716, 779 of rabbits, 716 of rodents, of avians, dermatologic conditions of, anatomy of, 716, 779 environmental causes of, avascular necrosis of distal extremities as, avulsion fractures as, fractures as, treatment of, frostbite injuries as, leg-band injuries as, pododermatitis as, thermal injuries as, 781 trauma as, functional types of, 779 idiopathic causes of, articular gout as, brown hypertrophy of the cere as, 797 neoplasia as, self-mutilation as, infectious causes of, bacterial agents as, fungal agents as, 792 parasitic agents as, viral agents as, treatment of, introduction to, nutritional causes of, , 793 summary overview of, Ferrets, dermatologic disease in, cutaneous neoplasia as, apocrine gland cystadenoma as, 572, 581, 585 basal cell tumor with sebaceous and squamous differentiation as, 572, cutaneous lymphoma as, 572, 581, 584 epitheliotropic lymphoma as, 581, 585 fibroma as, 581, 585 fibrosarcoma as, 581, 585 frequency of common, hemangioma as, 581, 583

15 introduction to, leiomyoma as, 581, 585 leiomyosarcomas as, 581, 585 mammary tumors as, 581, 585 mast cell tumor as, 572, miscellaneous tumors as, 585 preputial gland tumors as, 581, sebaceous epitheliomas as, 572, spindle cell sarcoma as, 581, 585 squamous cell carcinoma as, 581, 585 squamous cell carcinoma in situ as, 581, 585 summary overview of, 596 dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, , 575 bacterial pyoderma, 570 biotin deficiency, 572 canine distemper virus, 570 dermatophytosis, 570 ear mites, 571 ectoparasites, 571 environmental, 572 fleas, 571 fungal diseases, 570 hyperadrenocorticism, 571, 573 hyperestrogenism, 571 hypersensitivity, 571 neoplasia, 572 nutritional diseases, 572 sarcoptic mange mite, 571 seasonal alopecia, 572 telogen defluxion, 572 viral diseases, 570 ectoparasites as, 571 flea collar contraindications for, 641 mites, , ticks, 635, 638 treatment of, 640, erythema multiforme as, adrenal disease associated with, treatment of, clinical course of, progression variations in, clinical history findings with, 600 definitive diagnosis of, diagnosis of, 604 differential diagnosis of, discussion on, etiologies of,

16 836 Ferrets (continued ) introduction to, laboratory findings with, physical examination findings with, 600 skin lesions associated with, histologic findings of, summary overview of, 608 treatment options for, skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 Fibroplasia, in wound healing response, 748 Fine needle aspiration (FNA), of ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Fipronil (Frontline), for ectoparasites, in small mammals, 641 Fish dermatology, clinical approach to, 532, dermatologic examination for, clinical examination in, clinical history in, 538 diagnostic testing for, 539 differential diagnoses of, anchor worm, 541 bacterial diseases, 541, 545 bacterial septicemia, 542 capsalids, 541 carp pox, 542 columnaris disease, 541 ectoparasites, 540 fish lice, 541 flagellated protozoans, flukes, 541, 545 freshwater and marine velvet, 540 gas bubble disease, 544 goldfish herpesvirus, 542 guppy killer disease, 540 head and lateral line erosion, 544 husbandry-related diseases, ich, white-spot disease, 540 Ichthyobodo sp., 540 idiopathic diseases, 544 koi herpesvirus, 543 koi ulcer disease, 541 lymphocystis, 542 macroparasites, 541 mycobacteriosis, 541 neoplasia, 543 poor water quality, 543 sessile ciliates, 540 viral diseases, skin structure and function review for, 538 summary overview of, 523, 532, 575 normal skin physiology in, viral infections in,

17 aesthetic appearance and, birnaviridae as, 694 clinical signs of, diagnostic overview of, herpesviridae as, introduction to, iridoviridae as, 694, megalocytiviruses as, 698 normal integument vs., other viruses in, 698 pathogen isolation for, 691, prevention of, 693, 696, 699 quarantine for, 699 ranaviruses as, 698 rhabdoviridae as, 694 species overview of, summary overview of, treatment of, 693, 696 Fish lymphocystis virus disease (FLDV), Flavivirus, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742 Flea collars, for ectoparasites, in small mammals, 641 Fleas, in small mammals, , Archeopsylla erinacei, treatment of, Ceratophyllus gallinae, treatment of, 654 Ceratophyllus sciorum, 636, 651 Ctenocephalides spp., , treatment of, , 651, 654 differential diagnoses of, 552, 571 ear example of, 639 excreta of, 639 ferrets, 571 hedgehogs, in bedding, 640 microscopic view of, 640 larvae, 641 Nosopsylla spp., treatment of, 657 Pulex irritans, 636, 651 rabbits, 552, 636, Spilopsyllus cuniculi, Xenopsylla spp., treatment of, 657 Fluid therapy, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 681 for myxomatosis, in rabbits, 712 Fluorescent antibody tests (FAT), for viral infections, in fish, 693 Foam shoes, polypropylene, for pododermatitis, Follicular cysts, in guinea pig, epidemiology of, 761 gross pathology of, 768 histopathology of,

18 838 Follicular (continued) pathogenesis of, 762 Folliculogenesis, in guinea pig, Food sources. See also Nutrition. as Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii risk, in reptiles, 667 Formalin, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 679 Fractures, of avian beak, claws, and feet, avulsion, treatment of, Frostbite, in avian claws and feet, pododermatitis related to, 724 Fungal dermatitis, in reptiles, 527 Fungal infections, in amphibians, chytridiomycosis as, See also Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). differential diagnoses of, in avians, beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, 792 differential diagnoses of, 548 in chinchillas, 574 in ferrets, 570 in gerbils and hamsters, 562 in guinea pigs, 558 in mice and rats, 567 in rabbits, 553 in reptiles, 527 Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii as, See also Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). differential diagnoses of, 527 VUND associated with, , 745 Fur chewing, in chinchillas, as behavioral dermatopathy, G Geckos, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, skin anatomy and physiology in, Genetics, role of, in abnormal repetitive behaviors, 805 in barbering, 809 in ulcerative dermatitis, Gerbils, dermatologic disease in, behavioral, barbering as, dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, , 573 bacterial pyoderma, 561 bald nose, 563 barbering, 563 Demodex aurati, 562, 565 Demodex criceti, 562, 565 Demodex meroni, 562, 649 dermatophytosis, 562 facial dermatitis, 563

19 fungal diseases, 562 fur mite, 562 hair coat roughness, 563 hamster polyomavirus, 561 husbandry-related diseases, 563 hyperadrenocorticism, 563 nasal dermatitis, 563 neoplasia, 563 Notoedres notoedres, 562 papovavirus, 561 parasitic diseases, 562 tail slip, 563 Trixacarus caviae, 562 ectoparasites as, treatment of, 640, 649 skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 Glands, apocrine, cystadenoma of, in ferrets, 572, 581, 585 mammary. See Mammary tumors. preputial, tumors of, in ferrets, 581, scent, in guinea pigs, impaction of, 559 skin, in reptiles, sweat, stress and, 803 Glucocorticoid therapy, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, , Gnathotheca, of avian beak, 778 Goldfish, viral infections in, , 699 Gonadal development, in guinea pig, rete ovarii role in, 759 Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, for adrenal disease, in ferrets, with erythema multiforme, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Gout, articular, in avians, Graafian follicle, in guinea pig, 760 Gross pathology, of ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 768 Guinea pigs, dermatologic disease in, behavioral, barbering as, 559, cutaneous neoplasia as, frequency of common, introduction to, lipomas as, 559, , 595 mammary gland tumors as, 592, miscellaneous tumors as, 559, 592, 596 summary overview of, 596 trichoepitheliomas as, trichofolliculomas as, 559, dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, , 573 abscesses, 557 bacterial diseases, 557 barbering, 559 cervical lymphadenitis,

20 840 Guinea (continued) cheilitis, 559 cystic ovarian disease, dermatophytosis, 558 fungal diseases, 558 husbandry-related diseases, 558 hypovitaminosis C, 558 lice, 558, 560 neoplasia, 559 otitis media/interna, 557 pododermatitis, 559 pregnancy-associated alopecia, 559 scent gland impaction, 559 staphylococcal pyoderma, 557 ectoparasites as, mites, , treatment of, 640, 652 pododermatitis as, See also Pododermatitis. foot anatomy and physiology and, nutritional factors of, skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 ovarian cysts in, anatomy and physiology of, ovarian follicles, 760 rete ovarii, classification of, as periovarian vs. intraovarian, 758 diagnosis of, cytology in, gross pathology in, 768 histopathology in, historical findings in, 762 imaging in, laboratory tests in, 766 physical examination in, sedation for, epidemiology of, , 812 concurrent diseases in, 761 follicular cysts in, 761 neoplastic cysts in, 761 rete cysts in, influence of age, parity, and estrus duration, prevalence of, 760 introduction to, pathogenesis of, follicular cysts in, 762 rete cysts in, prognosis of, 771 summary overview of, 771 treatment of, hormone therapy in, percutaneous drainage in, 769 surgery in,

21 841 H Hair growth, stress impact on, 804 Hair pulling, as behavioral dermatopathy, 807. See also Barbering. Hamsters, dermatologic disease in, dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, , 573 bacterial pyoderma, 561 bald nose, 563 barbering, 563 Demodex aurati, 562, 565, 653 Demodex criceti, 562, 565, 653 Demodex meroni, 562 dermatophytosis, 562 facial dermatitis, 563 fungal diseases, 562 fur mite, 562 hair coat roughness, 563 hamster polyomavirus, 561 husbandry-related diseases, 563 hyperadrenocorticism, 563 nasal dermatitis, 563 neoplasia, 563 Notoedres notoedres, 562, 653 papovavirus, 561 parasitic diseases, 562 tail slip, 563 Trixacarus caviae, 562 ectoparasites as, mites, , 631, 633 treatment of, 640, 653 skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 Hawks, red-tailed, pododermatitis in, 785 Health examination, for viral infections, in fish, 699 HEALx Soother Plus, for pododermatitis, 731 HEALx/AVIx Booster, for pododermatitis, 731 Hedgehogs, dermatologic disease in, ectoparasites as, drug contraindications for, 641 fleas, mites, 621, treatment of, 640, 654 Helminths, in small mammals, Cuterebra spp., 553, treatment of, 657 Dracunculus insignis, Hypodema spp., in rabbits, 657 Hemodynamics, central vs. peripheral, stress impact on, 804 Herpesviridae, in fish, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742

22 842 Histologic studies, of rete ovarii, in guinea pig, 759 Histopathology, of Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, of chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, of erythema multiforme, in ferrets, 601, 604 skin lesion findings of, of myxomatosis, in rabbits, of ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, of viral infections, in fish, 692, , 699 of VUND, in reptiles, , 740 treatment based on, 750 with bacterial infections, History taking, for dermatologic diseases, in amphibians, 525 in avians, 546 in chinchillas, 569 in ferrets, 569 with erythema multiforme, 600 in fish, 538 in gerbils and hamsters, 569 in guinea pigs, 569 in mice and rats, 569 in rabbits, 569 with myxomatosis, 706 in reptiles, 524 with VUND, 746 in small mammals, 569 pododermatitis and, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 762 Homeostasis, threat to, stress response in, 803 Honey, for pododermatitis, 731 Hormone assays, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 766, 812 Hormone therapy, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Human immunoglobulin, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, 607 Husbandry practices, behavioral dermatopathies associated with, , , 812 treatment based on, for disease prevention, of Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, 667 of chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 675 of ectoparasites, in small mammals, 640 for myxomatosis, in rabbits, 711 for viral infections, in fish, 699 pododermatitis related to, 722 therapeutic strategies for, VUND associated with, in reptiles, 741, , 749 management of, 750 Hyperadrenocorticism, in ferrets, 571, 573 erythema multiforme related to in, treatment of, in gerbils and hamsters, 563 Hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA), as stress axis, 803

23 843 I Iguanas, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, Imaging, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, for pododermatitis, 725 Immune response, central vs. peripheral, stress impact on, Immunity, of myxomatosis, in rabbits, stress impact on, 803 Immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT), for viral infections, in fish, 693 Immunohistochemistry staining, for viral infections, in fish, 691, 693 Immunosuppression, from topical antibiotics, for pododermatitis, myxomatosis-related, in rabbits, Immunosuppressive therapy, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, , failure to respond to, 604 Impulse control disorders, dermatopathies related to, Inactivity, pododermatitis related to, 721 Infectious diseases, avian beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, bacterial agents in, fungal agents in, 792 parasitic agents in, viral agents in, treatment of, bacterial. See Bacterial infections. fungal. See Fungal infections. opportunistic, VUND associated with, in reptiles, with long-term immunosuppressive therapy, in ferrets, parasitic. See Ectoparasites; Parasite infestations. secondary, pododermatitis related to, 724 VUND associated with, in reptiles, viral. See Viral infections. Inflammatory response, in dermatitis. See Ulcerative dermatitis (UD). in stress response, 804 lymphocytes in. See Lymphocytic inflammation. Interdigital bandage, for pododermatitis, Internal parasites. See also Helminths. in fish, 541 in mice and rats, 567 in reptiles, VUND associated with, 743 Intraovarian rete (IR), in guinea pig, Iridoviridae, in fish, 694, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742 Itch-scratch-itch cycle, 803 Itraconazole, for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, 666 for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, J Jenkins classification, of pododermatitis, 718, 721 K Keratinizing lesions, with chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 670 with erythema multiforme, in ferrets, ,

24 844 Ketoconazole, for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, 666 Knemidokoptes pilae, in avians, beak, claw, and feet conditions related to, 777, Koch postulate, 660 Koi carp, viral infections in, prevention of, 699 L Laboratory tests, for Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii, in reptiles, 664 for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 766 for viral infections, in fish, species-specific pathogen isolation with, 691, for VUND, in reptiles, Laser therapy, for pododermatitis, Leg-band injuries, in avians, Lepidosaurs, skin anatomy and physiology in, ecdysis stages of, 740 Leporipoxvirus spp., in rabbits, 705. See also Myxomatosis. Leuprolide acetate, for adrenal disease, in ferrets, with erythema multiforme, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Lice, in fish, 541 in small mammals, differential diagnosis of, 552, 558, 560, 567, 569 Gliricola porcelli, 634, 652 Gyropus ovalis, 634, 652 Haemodipsus ventricosus, in chinchillas, 648 in guinea pigs, 558, 560 in mice and rats, 567, 569, 633, in rabbits, 552 Polyplax serrata, treatment of, 655 Polyplax spinulosa, treatment of, 655 Lizards, Chrysosporium anamorph Nannizziopsis vriesii in, as pathogen, 660 clinical signs of, 661 diagnostic testing for, introduction to, summary overview of, 667 therapy for, zoonotic potential of, 667 Lovebird, beak fractures in, 784 beak tumors in, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), for pododermatitis, Lymphocytic inflammation, in wound healing response, 747 with erythema multiforme, in ferrets, with myxomatosis, in rabbits, with VUND, in reptiles,

25 845 M Macaws, beak growth abnormalities in, beak infections in, Macroparasites, in fish, 541 Maculopapular lesions, in ferrets, with erythema multiforme, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for pododermatitis, 725 Malachite green, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 679 Malpighian cells, in fish, with viral infections, 695, 697 Mammary tumors, in ferrets, 581, 585 in guinea pigs, 592, in rabbits, 587, 590 Mandibular jaw, of avian beak, 778 Mandibular prognathism, in avians, Maxillary jaw, of avian beak, 778 Megalocytiviruses, in fish, 698 Meloxicam, for pododermatitis, 730 Metabolic disturbances, in amphibians, with chytridiomycosis, 671 Mice, dermatologic disease in, barbering as, as behavioral, 804, differential diagnoses of, 568 dermatologic examination for, 569, 573 clinical examination in, 569 clinical history in, 569 diagnostic testing for, 569, 573 differential diagnoses of, , 573 bacterial diseases, 566 barbering, 568, 804 dermatophytosis, 567 ectoparasites, fungal diseases, 567 fur mite, , 569 husbandry-related diseases, 568 lice, 567, 569 neoplasia, 568 pinworms, 567 pyoderma, 566 rat range mite, 567 ring tail, 568 sialodacryoadenitis, 566 viral diseases, 566 ectoparasites as, lice, 633, mites, 624, , 631 treatment of, 640, 655 skin structure and function review for, 560, 565 summary overview of, 523, 560, 575 Miconazole, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 678 Mink, ectoparasites in, 651 Mites, in amphibians, 534 in avians, beak, claw, and feet conditions related to, 777, differential diagnoses of, 547 in reptiles, differential diagnoses of, 527, 530

26 846 Mites (continued ) VUND associated with, 743 in small mammals, burrowing, Demodex spp., 552, 562, treatment of, , 657 Notoedres cati, treatment of, 656 Sarcoptes scabiei, treatment of, 650, 656 Trixacarus caviae, 562, treatment of, 652 differentiation aid for, drawing of, 631 in ferrets, 571 in guinea pigs, , in hamsters, , 631, 633 in hedgehogs, 621, in mice and rats, 624, , 631 in rabbits, 552, 556, 614, , 648 microscopic views of, 619, 621, , , 632, 634 other, Ascarus furis, Atricholaelaps chinchillae, 633, 648 sucking, 618, Caparinia erinacei, 621, 654 Caparinia tripilis, 621, treatment of, 654 Chorioptes cuniculi, 621, 654 Myobia musculi, 621, 624 treatment of, 655 Myocoptes musculinus, 621, 624, treatment of, 655 Notoedres muris, 621 treatment of, Otodectes cynoti, 618, treatment of, 650 Psoroptes cuniculi, treatment of, 656 Radfordia ensifera, 621, 624 surface, 624, Cheyletiella parasitivorax, 552, 624, 648 treatment of, 656 Chirodiscoides caviae, treatment of, 652 Dermanyssus gallinae, 629, treatment of, 649 Gliricola porcelli, 627, treatment of, 652 Gyropus ovalis, 627, 652 Leporacarus gibbus, 626

27 847 Ornithonyssus bacoti, 629, , 640 treatment of, 649, , 657 Ornithonyssus sylvarium, 629, treatment of, 649 Moisture, environmental, for reptiles, VUND associated with, 741, 750 Molecular methods, for viral infection diagnosis, in fish, 691, 693, 697 Mycotic skin infections. See Fungal infections. Myxomatosis, in rabbits, cause of, 706 cause of death from, clinical signs of, diagnosis of, 711 history of, 706 immunity of, 711 in North America, 706, 712 introduction to, 705 pathology of, prevention and control of, 712 respiratory (amyxomatous), 708, transmission of, 706 vector control for, 712 treatment of, vaccination for, 710, 712 N Natural remedies, for pododermatitis, Necropsy samples, for chytridiomycosis, in amphibians, 672 for myxomatosis, in rabbits, 711 for viral infections, in fish, 690 Necrosis, avascular, of avian distal extremities, pododermatitis as, 717 Necrosis virus, epizootic hematopietic, 698 Necrotic dermatitis, as behavioral, in reptiles, See also Vesicular, ulcerative, and necrotic dermatitis (VUND). description of, pathogens associated with, , 530, Neoplasia, cutaneous. See also Cutaneous neoplasia. in small mammals, in avians, dermatologic conditions related to, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 741 malignant. See Carcinoma. Neoplastic cyst, ovarian, in guinea pig, cytology of fluid of, 767 epidemiology of, 761 Nerve fibers, in stress response, 804 Nerve growth factor (NGF), in stress response, Neurobiology/neurophysiology, of behavioral dermatopathies, 805, 815 Neuropathic itch, 807 Neuropeptides, in stress response, Neurotrophins, in stress response, Neutrophilic infiltration/crusting, in ferrets, with erythema multiforme, 605

28 848 Nipple presentations, with ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 765 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), for pododermatitis, 730 for VUND, in reptiles, 750 Nucleic acid analyses, for viral infection, in fish, 691 Nutrition, dermatologic disease and, in amphibians, chytridiomycosis and, 681 in avians, , 793 in chinchillas, 574 in guinea pigs, 813 in reptiles, VUND associated with, 741, 750 pododermatitis related to, therapeutic strategies for, 726 ulcerative dermatitis and, 815 O Oberhautchen, in reptile skin anatomy and physiology, 738 ecdysis stages of, 740 Obesity, pododermatitis related to, 720 Obsessive-compulsive disorders, dermatopathies related to, , 807 Ocular discharge, in rabbits, with myxomatosis, , 710 Oocyte, in guinea pig, anatomy and physiology of, Opoids, for pododermatitis, 730 Opportunistic infections, VUND associated with, in reptiles, with long-term immunosuppressive therapy, for erythema multiforme, in ferrets, Oronasa cavities, of small mammals, hair-induced inflammatory lesions of, Osteomyelitis, with pododermatitis, Osteoscute healing patterns, 749 Ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, anatomy and physiology of, ovarian follicles, 760 rete ovarii, classification of, as periovarian vs. intraovarian, 758 diagnosis of, cytology in, gross pathology in, 768 histopathology in, historical findings in, 762 imaging in, laboratory tests in, 766 physical examination in, sedation for, epidemiology of, , 812 concurrent diseases in, 761 follicular cysts in, 761 neoplastic cysts in, 761 rete cysts in, influence of age, parity, and estrus duration, prevalence of, 760 introduction to, pathogenesis of, follicular cysts in, 762

29 849 rete cysts in, prognosis of, 771 summary overview of, 771 treatment of, hormone therapy in, percutaneous drainage in, 769 surgery in, Ovarian follicles, in guinea pig, anatomy and physiology of, 760 cysts of. See Follicular cysts. Ovariohysterectomy, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, Overgrowth disorders, of beak, in avians, P Pain management, for pododermatitis, 730 for VUND, in reptiles, 750 Pain sensitivity, self-injurious behaviors related to, Papillomas, in avians, beak, claw, and feet conditions related to, squamous, in rabbits, 554, 587, Papillomavirus, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742 Parakeets, beak fractures in, treatment of, 782, 784 Paramyxovirus, in reptiles, VUND associated with, 742 Parasite infestations, external. See Ectoparasites; specific parasite. in amphibians, 533 in avians, beak, claws, and feet conditions related to, differential diagnoses of, 547 in fish, 541 in gerbils and hamsters, 562 in reptiles, VUND associated with, 743 internal. See Helminths; Internal parasites. Parity, ovarian cysts related to, in guinea pig, Parrots, beak fractures in, treatment of, 782, 784 beak overgrowth in, PBFD in, self-mutilation of foot in, Pasteurella multocida, pododermatitis associated with, 717 PBFD (psittacine beak and feather disease), in avians, Pekin duck, beak trauma in, 779 Perches, pododermatitis related to, 722 therapeutic strategies for, Percutaneous drainage, of ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, 769 Physical activity, pododermatitis related to, 721 Physical examination, for ovarian cysts, in guinea pig, for pododermatitis, 724 for viral infections, in fish, for VUND, in reptiles, 746 Physical therapy, for beak growth abnormalities, in avians, Pinworms, in mice and rats, 567 Piscines, dermatologic diseases in. See Fish dermatology.

30 850 Pododermatitis, as avascular necrosis, 717 diagnostics for, culture and sensitivity in, 725, 729 history and physical examination in, imaging in, 725 minimum database in, 725 foot anatomy and physiology in, of avians, 716, 779 of rabbits, 716 of rodents, in avians, claws and feet conditions related to, differential diagnoses of, 547 raptor examples of, , 724 in guinea pigs, differential diagnoses of, 559 nutritional factors of, in rabbits, ulcerative, 719, 721 differential diagnoses of, 555 introduction to, Jenkins classification of, Type I, 718 Type II, 719, 721 Type III, 719 most common bacteria associated with, 717, 724 pathogenesis of, 717 predisposing factors and prevention of, anatomic or conformational abnormalities as, behavioral, 724 lack of activity as, 721 nutritional, perches as, 722 poor husbandry as, 722 substrate as, 721 trauma as, 724 weight as, 720 prognosis for, 718, Remple classification of, Type I, Type II, 718 Type III, Type IV, Type V, 718, 720 summary overview of, 733 therapeutics for, alternative strategies in, acupuncture as, 732 natural remedies as, therapeutic laser as, correcting underlying causes in, medical strategies in, analgesia, 730