DOI /yydb medetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol

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1 1573 medetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol DAHMANI S PARIS A JANNIER V et al. Dexmedetom- 2. α 2 idine increases hippocampal phosphorylated extracellular J El-HENNAWY A M ABD-ELWAHAB A M ABD-ELMAK- SOUD A M et al. Addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolongs caudal analgesia in children J. Br J Anaesth SALGADO P F SABBAG A T SILVA P C et al. Synergistic effect between dexmedetomidine and 0. 75% ropivacaine in epidural anesthesia J. Rev Assoc Med Bras KURAISHI Y HIROTA N SATO Y et al. Noradrenergic inhibition of the release of substance P from the primary afferents in the rabbit spinal dorsal horn J. Brain Res signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 content by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor-independent mechanism evidence for the involvement of imidazoline I1 receptors J. Anesthesiology PATIL S K ANITESCU M. Opioid-free perioperative analgesia for hemicolectomy in a patient with opioid-induced delirium a case report and review of the analgesic efficacy of the alpha-2 agonist agents J. Pain Pract J DOI /yydb ~ 1. 0 μg kg -1 h min 0. 2 ~ 0. 7 μg kg -1 h mg kg ~ mg kg -1 h -1 3 ICU 10% 3. 7±1. 2 d 12. 3% P< ICU P>0. 05 P< 0. R A Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Noninvasive Ventilation LU Yang SHEN Hao-liang WANG Lin-hua CUI Xiao-li ZHANG Bin ZHAO Hong-sheng Department of Intensive Care Unit Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine in patients with noninvasive ventilation NIV. Methods Ninety patients with acute respiratory failure given NIV were randomly divided into three groups dexmedetomidine group n = 30 midazolam group n = 30 and non sedative group n = 30. Dexmedetomidine was infused at a loading dose of μg kg -1 h -1 for 10 min followed by a maintenance dose of μg kg -1 h -1. Midazolam was infused at a loading dose of mg kg -1 followed by a maintenance dose of mg kg -1 h -1. Vital signs blood gas bispectral index BIS and Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale RSAS were recorded before infusion baseline and at 1st 4th 6th 8th 12th and 24th h after dexmedetomidine administration. Intubation rate NIV days duration in intensive care unit ICU and delirium were compared between the two groups. Results In sedative group the clinical outcomes of vital signs gas blood and reduced intubation rate NIV days duration in ICU were significantly improved P < In the dexmedetomidine group there were no significant adverse effects on respiratory drive as compared with the midazolam group. The intubation rate was 10% NIV day 3. 7±1. 2 days and the rate of delirium 12. 3% in the dexmedetomidine group which were significantly lower than those in the midazolam group P< While the duration in ICU had no significant difference between the two groups P> Conclusion Proper sedation in patients with agitation may improve success rate of NIV. Dexmedetomidine has more advantages than midazolam in efficacy and safety of adaptation to NIV. KEY WORDS Dexmedetomidine Noninvasive ventilation Sedation

2 1574 Herald of Medicine Vol. 31 No. 12 December 2012 / H ~ 1. 0 μg kg -1 iv 0. 2 ~ 0. 7 μg kg -1 h mg kg -1 iv ~ mg kg -1 h Riker Riker sedation agitation score RSAS 3 ~ 4 α 2 bispectral index BIS 85 ~ h α 2 RSAS BIS respiration rate RR PaCO 2 PaO 2 /FiO 2 heart rate HR mean arterial pressure intensive care MAP ICU unit ICU ~ 12 CO 2 MAP<70 mmhg 30% HR<50 min -1 30% RR 1 <8 min -1 >25% 1. 1 FiO 2 <0. 4 ph PaO 2 /FiO mmhg 90 positive end expiratory pressure PEEP cmh 2 O 4 cmh 2 O SPSS ± x±s 1-2 t χ 2 P< RSAS BIS 3 P>0. 05 body mass index BMI RSAS BIS Ⅱ acute 12 ~ 24 h RSAS physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ APACHE t 12 h = P<0. 05 Ⅱ P> BiPAP CPAP RSAS BIS = P< h RSAS MAQUET P> h Servo S DRAGER Evita 2 = P<0. 05 BIS = 7. 7 P< 1 3 Tab. 1 Baseline characteristics of the three groups of patients x±s / / / BMI / APACHE Ⅱ / kg m ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±3. 9

3 Tab. 2 patients 2 3 Sedation assessment of the three groups of x±s RSAS BIS 30 0 h 5. 3± ± h 4. 1±0. 3 * 1* ±1. 8 * 1* 2 4 h 3. 7±0. 3 * 1* ±1. 2 * 1* 2 6 h 3. 8±0. 6 * 1* ±1. 1 * 1* 2 8 h 3. 6±0. 5 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 3. 8±0. 3 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 3. 7±0. 5 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 5. 6± ± h 4. 3±1. 4 * ±3. 2 * 1 4 h 3. 9±1. 3 * ±3. 8 * 1 6 h 3. 6±0. 3 * ±3. 6 * 1 8 h 2. 9±0. 3 * ±4. 3 * 1 12 h 3. 1±0. 5 * ±3. 5 * 1 24 h 3. 2±0. 5 * ±2. 4 * h 5. 4± ± h 5. 8± ± h 5. 3± ± h 5. 2± ± h 4. 8± ± h 4. 6±0. 8 * ± h 4. 4±0. 7 * ±1. 7 * 1 P < * 2 P <0. 05 * 3 P<0. Compared with the same group before treatment * 1 P< compared with non sedative group * 2 P < compared with midazolam group * 3 P< RR t = P< h P<0. 05 RR P> h = P< PaCO 2 α 2 = P< h PaCO 2 P> h BIS mavineluyang@ hotmail. com = 6. 7 P<0. 05 PaO 2 /FiO 2 t 2 h = 6. 2 P < h PaO 2 /FiO 2 P>0. 05 = 5. 3 P< HR =3. 86 P<0. 05 = P<0. 05 MAP = P< ICU χ 2 = P<0. 05 χ 2 = P<0. 05 χ 2 = P<0. 05 ICU P>0. 05 χ 2 = P<0. 05 χ 2 = P< CAMPO 4 8 h

4 1576 Herald of Medicine Vol. 31 No. 12 December Tab. 3 Clinical outcomes of the three groups of patients x±s RR / PaCO 2 / HR / MAP / PaCO min -1 2 /FiO 2 kpa min -1 mmhg 30 0 h 34. 3± ± ± ± ± h 26. 2±3. 5 * 1* ±1. 6 * 1 233±72 * ±13. 3 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 23. 7±6. 2 * 1* ±1. 4 * 1* 2 244±71 * 1* ±10. 9 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 22. 5±3. 6 * 1* ±1. 8 * 1* 2* 3 258±77 * 1* ±12. 2 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 23. 8±7. 5 * 1* 2* ±1. 9 * 1* 2* 3 273±62 * 1* ±12. 3 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 24. 6±4. 7 * 1* 2* ±1. 7 * 1* 2* 3 277±58 * 1* ±14. 4 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 23. 7±6. 7 * 1* 2* ±1. 8 * 1* 2* 3 284±55 * 1* ±12. 6 * 1* 2* 3 * 1* 2* ± h 35. 1± ± ± ± ± h 26. 6±4. 1 * ±1. 7 * 1 231±95 * ± ±10. 3 * 1 4 h 22. 7±4. 6 * ±1. 6 * 1 252±87 * ± ±11. 2 * 1 6 h 22. 3±3. 3 * ±1. 7 * 1 257±66 * ±11. 3 * ±12. 7 * 1 8 h 20. 2±2. 7 * ±1. 5 * 1 262±63 * ±10. 3 * ±10. 5 * 1 12 h 21. 3±2. 5 * ±1. 6 * 1 276±76 * ±11. 3 * ±11. 2 * 1 24 h 21. 7±3. 7 * ±1. 8 * 1 286±71 * ±12. 1 * ±10. 7 * h 33. 9± ± ± ± ± h 34. 3± ±1. 7 * 1 228± ± ± h 33. 2± ±1. 4 * 1 234±74 * ± ± h 30. 8± ±1. 6 * 1 237±62 * ± ± h 28. 5±2. 1 * ±1. 6 * 1 246±68 * ±12. 7 * ±10. 3 * 1 12 h 26. 2±3. 7 * ±1. 5 * 1 254±69 * ±12. 9 * ±11. 3 * 1 24 h 26. 4±3. 5 * ±1. 7 * 1 259±66 * ±11. 7 * ±11. 1 * 1 * 1 P<0. 05 * 2 P<0. 05 * 3 P<0. Compared with the same group before treatment * 1 P< compared with non sedative group * 2 P<0. 05 compared with midazolam group * 3 P<0. 05 Tab. 4 patients 4 3 ICU Comparison of intubation rate ventilation time retention in ICU and the rate of delirium among the 3 groups of /% /d ICU /d /% * 1* ±1. 2 * 1* ±2. 1 * * 1* * ± ±3. 3 * ± ± * 1 P<0. 05 * 2 P<0. Compared with midazolam group * 1 P< compared with non sedative group * 2 P<0. 05 x±s 7 ICU >24 h 12. 3% PaCO 2 6 ~ 8 h PaCO 2 α 2 8 α 2

5 1577 quality is associated with late noninvasive ventilation failure in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure J. 5 Critical Care Medicine >0. 7 μg kg -1 h -1 5 CONSTANTIN J M SCHNEIDER E CAYOTCONSTANTIN S et al. Remifentanil based sedation to treat noninvasive failure a preliminary study J. Intensive Care Med CAROLLO D S NOSSAMAN B D RAMADHYANI U. Dexmedetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol DASTA J F KANE-GILL S L DURTSCHI A J. Comparing dexmedetomidine prescribing patterns and safety in the naturalistic setting versus published data J. Ann Pharmacother KAMIBAYASHI T MAZE M. Clinical uses of α 2 adrenergic 9 PANDHARIPANE P ELY E W MAZE M. Dexmedetomi- 1. M. dine for sedation and perioperative management of critically J DEVLIN J W NAVA S FONG J J et al. Survey of sedation practices during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure J. Crit Care Med CAMPO F R DROUOT X THILLE A W et al. Poor sleep agonists J. Anesthesiology ill patients J. Semin Anesth Periop Med Pain SHEHAB Y BOTHA J A ERNEST D et al. Clinical application the use of dexmedetomidine in intensive care sedation J. Crit Care Shock DOI /yydb 櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆 IPA CA BM 399 CN ISSN lcyx@ fudan. edu. cn