What is multidrug resistance?
|
|
- Vernon Lee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 What is multidrug resistance? Umaer Naseer Senior Research Scientist Department of Zoonotic, Water- and Foodborne Infections Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2 Magiorakos A.P. et al 2012 Definition of multidrug resistance Joint ECDC and CDC definition Acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories Defined for: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. Enterobacteriales (not Salmonella or Shigella), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.
3 Classification of antimicrobials 1. Chemical structures Antibiotics with different basic chemical structures 2. Spectrum of activity The range of bacterial species susceptible to these agents 3. Effect on bacteria Different mechanism of action leading to an endpoint of either inactivation or actual death of the bacteria 4. Mode of action Different antibiotics have different modes of action, owing to the nature of their structure and degree of affinity to certain target sites within bacterial cells 5. Epidemiologically meaningful Bacteria specific categories based on therapeutically relevant groups
4 Mode of action 1. Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis Fluoroquinolones, rifamycins 1 2. Inhibitors of protein synthesis Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides 5 3. Inhibitors of metabolic pathways Sulfonamides, trimethoprim 3 4. Inhibitors of membrane integrity Polymyxin B 5. Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Bacitracin 2 Kim Lewis Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2013
5 Determining susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Broth microdilution ISO standard Series of concentrations to determine the lowest needed to prevent growth of specific organism Disc diffusion Qualitative determination E-test Quantitative determination Disc diffuision E-test
6 What are we missing? Clinical resistance When a bacterial strain is enable to endure a higher antibiotic concentration then what is achievable in vivo Microbial resistance When a bacterial strain is enable to endure a considerable higher antibiotic concentration then bacteria of the same species
7
8 E. Gullberg Bacterial strategies of resistance 1. Decreased uptake Prevention of the AB from reaching its target by reducing its ability to penetrate into the cell 2. Efflux of AB Expulsion of the AB from the cell via general or specialized efflux pumps Inactivation of AB Inactivation of AB via modification or degradation 4. Modification of target Reducing affinity of AB by structural modification of target 5. By-passing AB By-passing the effect of the antibiotic by applying alternative metabolic pathways 3 5 4
9 Resistance: intrinsic or acquired Intrinsic Innate ability of a bacterial species to resist activity of a particular antimicrobial agent Acquired When a particular microorganism obtains the ability to resist the activity of a particular antimicrobial agent Mutation of genes involved in normal physiological processes and cellular structures Acquisition of foreign resistance genes
10 Examples of intrinsic resistance ORGANISMS NATURAL RESISTANCE AGAINST MECHANISM Anaerobic bacteria Aminoglycosides Lack of oxidative metabolism to drive uptake of aminoglycosides Aerobic bacteria Metronidazole Inability to anaerobically reduce drug to its active form Gram-positive bacteria Aztreonam (a beta-lactam) Lack of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) that bind and are inhibited by this beta lactam antibiotic Gram-negative bacteria Vancomycin Lack of uptake resulting from inability of vancomycin to penetrate outer membrane Klebsiella spp. Ampicillin (a beta-lactam) Production of enzymes (beta-lactamases) that destroy ampicillin before the drug can reach the PBP targets Stenotrophomonas maltophila Imipenem (a beta-lactam) Production of enzymes (beta lactamases) that destroy imipenem before the drug can reach the PBP targets. Lactobacilli and Leuconostoc Vancomycin Lack of appropriate cell wall precursor target to allow vancomycin to bind and inhibit cell wall synthesis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol Lack of uptake resulting from inability of antibiotics to achieve effective intracellular concentrations Enterococci Aminoglycosides Lack of sufficient oxidative metabolism to drive uptake of aminoglycosides All cephalosporins Lack of PBPs that effectively bind and are inhibited by these beta lactam antibiotics Forbes et al., 1998, Giguere et al., 2006
11 Mutation driven resistance Hypermutators Selection of mutation by turning off MMR Persistors Withstand increased mutation frequencies by turning off SOSresponse Hitchhiker Extract favorable mutations from mutants Disseminators Vertical transfer of resistance Rodriguez-Rojas et al. 2013
12 Horizontal gene transfer
13 Multidrug resistant plasmids Gene Imp aaca4 cata2, catb3 Sul1 dfra19 stra, strb TetA(D) - qacg- Resistance to Imipenem Aminoglycoside Chloramphenicol Sulfonamide Trimethoprime Streptomycin Tetracycline Quaternary ammonium compounds Sam Abraham et al 2016, Shewli Mukerj et al. 2017
14 Akifumi Yamashita et al Plasmidome network analysis Largest Connected Component (LCC) Enterobacteriales (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella) Plasmids share genes by HGT
15 Examples of acquired resistance ACQUIRED RESISTANCE RESISTANCE OBSERVED MECHANISM INVOLVED Mutations Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifamycins Point mutations in the rifampin-binding region of rpob Resistance of many clinical isolates to fluoroquinolones Predominantly mutation of the quinolone-resistancedetermining-regiont (QRDR) of GyrA and ParC/GrlA E. coli, Hemophilius influenzae resistance to trimethoprim Mutations in the chromosomal gene specifying dihydrofolate reductase Horizontal gene transfer Staphylococcus aureus resistance to methicillin (MRSA) Resistance of many pathogenic bacteria against sulfonamides Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis resistance to vancomycin (VRE) Via acquisition of meca genes which is on a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) which codes for penicllin binding proteins (PBPs) that are not sensitive to ß-lactam inhibition Mediated by the horizontal transfer of foreign folp genes or parts of it Via acquisition of one of two related gene clusters VanA and Van B, which code for enzymes that modify peptidoglycan precursor, reducing affinity to vancomycin.
16 The ESCAPE pathogens E Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium S Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus C Flouroquionolone resistant Campylobacter A Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii P Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa E Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriales
17 Cesar A. Arias & Barbara E. Murray 2012 Mechanisms of enterococcal resistance A A A A
18 Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) 1950s, Usage of vancomycin and teicoplanin MRSA, PRSP Avoparcin growth promoter in agriculture Single E. faecium clone outbreak (UK) Multi-clonal VRE outbreaks (USA) % % % Avoparcin Banned s Norway, Denmark, Iceland (sporadic) Finland (hospital epidemic) Sweden (annually cases) 2008 Sweden (618 cases) 2017 Norway (384 cases) Wegener HC et al 2003
19 Tofteland et al Hospital Outbreak of KPC- Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 September 2008 a patient (P1) was admitted to ICU at Sørlandet Hospital Arendal 8 October 2008 tested blood culture positive for KPC producing K. pneumoniae Discharged 21 October November 2008 a patient (P2) was admitted to ICU at Sørlandet Hospital Flekkefjord 1 December 2008 tested expectorate positive for KPC producing K. pneumoniae Discharged 16 February October 2008 a patient (P3) was admitted to ICU at Sørlandet Hospital Arendal 15 March 2009 tested urine positive for KPC producing K. pneumoniae Discharged 18 April 2009 Dec08 Jan09
20 Molecular typing with PFGE K. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae 17 April 2010 a patient (P4) was admitted to ICU at Sørlandet Hospital Arendal tested expectorate positive for KPC producing K. pneumoniae
21 Outbreak response Faecal screening of all ICU admitted at Sørlandet Hospital Arendal Environmental screening involving sink drains (n=19) and water taps in the ICU the neighbouring post-operative unit, the coronary unit Identified one carrier (P5) Positive for KPC-1 producing K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae Four environmental samples from sink drains were positive for KPC-1 All four positive for KPC-1 producing K. pneumoniae Two additionally positive for KPC-1 producing E. asburiae
22 Chromosomal and Plasmid Typing
23 Summary of the oubreak An outbreak of KPC-1 producing K. pneumoniae and E. asburiae started at Sørlandet Hospital Complex after import of KPC-1 producing K. pneumoniae from Greece in November 2007 Seven cases between November 2007 and April 2010 The outbreak involved three different hospitals as a result of patient exchange between them Epidemiological and molecular data showed that the outbreak was due to clonal spread of a K. pneumoniae strain as well as interspecies plasmid transmission of a 100kb KPC-plasmid (IncFII) betweem two distinct K. pneumoniae strains and intergenus spread to E. asburiae Environmental screening identified a local environmental reservoir. The spread among patients probably occurred as a result of transmission between patients and was prolonged by continuous spread from the environmental source
24 Multidrug resitant bacteria Have acquired resistance mechanism to thee or more antimicrobial categories MDR bacteria have evolved and are adapted to accumulate a variety of resistance Dissemination of resistant plasmids don t respect species borders Infections with MDR bacteria have increased morbidity and mortality compared to infections with antibiotic susceptible strains Higher risk of ICU admission Higher risk of treatment failure Increased length of hospitalization Increased costs to hospitals
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance Dr.Siriwoot Sookkhee Ph.D (Biopharmaceutics) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Antibiotic resistance Cross-resistance : resistance
More informationConsequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance. Topics to be Covered
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased number of hospitalizations Increased length
More informationMID 23. Antimicrobial Resistance. Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance Micro evolutionary change - point mutations Beta-lactamase mutation extends spectrum of the enzyme rpob gene (RNA polymerase) mutation
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased number of hospitalizations Increased length
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Acquisition of Foreign DNA
Antimicrobial Resistance Acquisition of Foreign DNA Levy, Scientific American Horizontal gene transfer is common, even between Gram positive and negative bacteria Plasmid - transfer of single or multiple
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing
Antimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing John Ferguson, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia M Med Part 1 updates UPNG 2017 Tw @mdjkf http://idmic.net
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences. Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 9 Outline Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 20 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The most important problem associated with infectious disease today is the rapid development of resistance to antibiotics It will force us to change
More informationAntibiotic Resistance. Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern. Antibiotic resistance is not new 3/21/2011
Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern Judy Ptak RN MSN Infection Prevention Practitioner Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH Occurs when a microorganism fails to respond
More informationMulti-drug resistant microorganisms
Multi-drug resistant microorganisms Arzu TOPELI Director of MICU Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara-Turkey Council Member of WFSICCM Deaths in the US declined by 220 per 100,000 with the
More informationInhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani
Inhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani Chemotherapy Definitions The use of any chemical (drug) to treat any disease or condition. Chemotherapeutic Agent Any drug
More informationAntibiotics. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/18/2017
Antibiotics Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that inhibit or kill competing microbial species Antimicrobial drugs must display selective toxicity,
More informationChemotherapy of bacterial infections. Part II. Mechanisms of Resistance. evolution of antimicrobial resistance
Chemotherapy of bacterial infections. Part II. Mechanisms of Resistance evolution of antimicrobial resistance Mechanism of bacterial genetic variability Point mutations may occur in a nucleotide base pair,
More informationChallenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems
Micro 301 Antimicrobial Drugs 11/7/12 Significance of antimicrobial drugs Challenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems Definitions Antibiotic Selective
More informationAntimicrobials & Resistance
Antimicrobials & Resistance History 1908, Paul Ehrlich - Arsenic compound Arsphenamine 1929, Alexander Fleming - Discovery of Penicillin 1935, Gerhard Domag - Discovery of the red dye Prontosil (sulfonamide)
More informationMICRONAUT MICRONAUT-S Detection of Resistance Mechanisms. Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC
MICRONAUT Detection of Resistance Mechanisms Innovation with Integrity BMD MIC Automated and Customized Susceptibility Testing For detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical
More informationSelective toxicity. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/17/2016
Selective toxicity Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Drugs must work inside the host and harm the infective pathogens, but not the host Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that
More informationANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Syed Ziaur Rahman, MD, PhD D/O Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Syed Ziaur Rahman, MD, PhD D/O Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The most important problem associated with infectious disease today is the rapid development
More informationWhat s next in the antibiotic pipeline?
What s next in the antibiotic pipeline? Jennifer Tieu, Pharm.D., BCPS Clinical Pearls OSHP Spring Meeting Mercy Hospital April 13, 2018 Objective 2 Describe the drug class and mechanism of action of antibiotics
More informationAntibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut
Antibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut This presentation Definitions needed to discuss antimicrobial resistance
More informationInfectious Disease: Drug Resistance Pattern in New Mexico
Infectious Disease: Drug Resistance Pattern in New Mexico Are these the world's sexiest accents? Obi C. Okoli, MD.,MPH. Clinic for Infectious Diseases Las Cruces, NM. Are these the world's sexiest accents?
More informationAntibiotic. Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting
Antibiotic Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting Any substance of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
More informationAntimicrobial use in poultry: Emerging public health problem
Antimicrobial use in poultry: Emerging public health problem Eric S. Mitema, BVM, MS, PhD CPD- Diagnosis and Treatment of Poultry Diseases FVM, CAVS, 6 th. August, 2014 AMR cont Antibiotics - Natural or
More informationMechanisms and Pathways of AMR in the environment
FMM/RAS/298: Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries Final Workshop in cooperation with AVA Singapore and INFOFISH 12-14
More informationSafe Patient Care Keeping our Residents Safe Use Standard Precautions for ALL Residents at ALL times
Safe Patient Care Keeping our Residents Safe 2016 Use Standard Precautions for ALL Residents at ALL times #safepatientcare Do bugs need drugs? Dr Deirdre O Brien Consultant Microbiologist Mercy University
More informationOther Beta - lactam Antibiotics
Other Beta - lactam Antibiotics Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali Lec 5 8 Nov 2017 Lecture outlines Other beta lactam antibiotics Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Other beta-lactam Antibiotics
More informationMicrobiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7
Microbiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7 Revision of last lecture : Each type of antimicrobial drug normally targets a specific structure or component of the bacterial cell eg:( cell wall, cell membrane,
More informationSummary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union
Summary of the latest data on antibiotic resistance in the European Union EARS-Net surveillance data November 2017 For most bacteria reported to the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network
More informationQ1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.
Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.
More informationOrigins of Resistance and Resistance Transfer: Food-Producing Animals.
Origins of Resistance and Resistance Transfer: Food-Producing Animals. Chris Teale, AHVLA. Origins of Resistance. Mutation Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and macrolide and pleuromutilin resistance. Campylobacter
More informationCONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology
VOLUME XXIII NUMBER 1 July 2008 CONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology Bugs and Drugs Elaine Dowell, SM (ASCP), Marti Roe SM (ASCP), Ann-Christine Nyquist MD, MSPH Are the bugs winning? The 2007
More informationAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Electron Micrograph of E. Coli Diseases Caused by Bacteria 1928 1 2 Fleming 3 discovers penicillin the first antibiotic. Some Clinically Important Antibiotics Antibiotic
More informationNew Opportunities for Microbiology Labs to Add Value to Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs
New Opportunities for Microbiology Labs to Add Value to Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Patrick R. Murray, PhD Senior Director, WW Scientific Affairs 2017 BD. BD, the BD Logo and all other trademarks
More informationIntroduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018
Introduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018 Antimicrobial Agents Substances that kill bacteria without harming the host.
More informationANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ
ANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ Antibiotic resistance is rapidly emerging as a public health issue throughout the world. Mankind has enjoyed about half a century of virtual complete control
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Strains
Antimicrobial Resistance Strains Microbiologics offers a wide range of strains with characterized antimicrobial resistance mechanisms including: Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) Carbapenamases Vancomycin-Resistant
More informationGlobal Alliance for Infections in Surgery. Better understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Better understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance Antibiotic prescribing practices in surgery Contents Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance 4 Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae 9
More informationHuman health impacts of antibiotic use in animal agriculture
Human health impacts of antibiotic use in animal agriculture Beliefs, opinions, and evidence Peter Davies BVSc, PhD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA Terminology Antibiotic Compound
More informationEvolution of antibiotic resistance. October 10, 2005
Evolution of antibiotic resistance October 10, 2005 Causes of death, 2001: USA 6. Population: 6,122,210,000 Deaths: 56,554,000 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases: 14.9 million 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. Heart
More informationTwo (II) Upon signature
Page 1/5 SCREENING FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ORGANISMS (AROS) IN ACUTE CARE AND LONG TERM CARE Infection Prevention and Control IPC 050 Issuing Authority (sign & date) Office of Administrative Responsibility
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author
ESCMID Postgraduate Technical Workshop Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and surveillance of resistance in Gram-positive cocci: laboratory to clinic Current epidemiology of invasive enterococci in Europe
More informationAntimicrobials. Antimicrobials
Antimicrobials For more than 50 years, antibiotics have come to the rescue by routinely producing rapid and long-lasting miracle cures. However, from the beginning antibiotics have selected for resistance
More informationAntibiotics & Resistance
What are antibiotics? Antibiotics & esistance Antibiotics are molecules that stop bacteria from growing or kill them Antibiotics, agents against life - either natural or synthetic chemicals - designed
More informationAntibiotic resistance a mechanistic overview Neil Woodford
Antibiotic Resistance a Mechanistic verview BSc PhD FRCPath Consultant Clinical Scientist 1 Polymyxin Colistin Daptomycin Mechanisms of antibiotic action Quinolones Mupirocin Nitrofurans Nitroimidazoles
More information10/15/08. Activity of an Antibiotic. Affinity for target. Permeability properties (ability to get to the target)
Beta-lactam antibiotics Penicillins Target - Cell wall - interfere with cross linking Actively growing cells Bind to Penicillin Binding Proteins Enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis Activity of an Antibiotic
More informationBeta-lactam antibiotics - Cephalosporins
Beta-lactam antibiotics - Cephalosporins Targets - PBP s Activity - Cidal - growing organisms (like the penicillins) Principles of action - Affinity for PBP s Permeability ypropertiesp Stability to bacterial
More informationComparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Juhee Ahn Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering Kangwon National University October 23, 27 Antibiotic Development
More informationAntibacterial therapy 1. د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
Antibacterial therapy 1 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi ILOs Principles and terms Different categories of antibiotics Spectrum of activity and mechanism of action Resistancs Antibacterial therapy What
More informationMITIGATING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ANIMALS. Mary Joy N. Gordoncillo A DISSERTATION
MITIGATING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ANIMALS By Mary Joy N. Gordoncillo A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
number 8 Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi 25 10/10/2017 Antibacterial therapy 2 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi Antibacterial therapy Figure 2/ Antibiotics target Inhibition of microbial
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01
More information2015 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzenza Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens
More informationAntibiotic resistance and what can be done
Antibiotic resistance and what can be done A/Professor John Ferguson Microbiologist and Infectious Diseases Physician Pathology NSW Newcastle, NSW, Australia jferguson@hnehealth.nsw.gov.au May 2018 http://idmic.net
More informationSummary of the latest data on antibiotic consumption in the European Union
Summary of the latest data on antibiotic consumption in the European Union ESAC-Net surveillance data November 2016 Provision of reliable and comparable national antimicrobial consumption data is a prerequisite
More informationDR. MICHAEL A. BORG DIRECTOR OF INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL MATER DEI HOSPITAL - MALTA
DR. MICHAEL A. BORG DIRECTOR OF INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL MATER DEI HOSPITAL - MALTA The good old days The dread (of) infections that used to rage through the whole communities is muted Their retreat
More informationMicrobiology. Multi-Drug-Resistant bacteria / MDR: laboratory diagnostics and prevention. Antimicrobial resistance / MDR:
Microbiology Multi-Drug-Resistant bacteria / MDR: laboratory diagnostics and prevention June 2017 MeshHp (VS) Medical Care Center Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG) www.labmed.de MVZ Dr. Eberhard &
More information2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report
Fairview Northland Medical Center and Elk River, Milaca, Princeton and Zimmerman Clinics 2016 Antibiotic Susceptibility Report GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS 2016 Gram-Negative Non-Urine The number of isolates
More informationAntimicrobial agents
Bacteriology Antimicrobial agents Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: Identify mechanisms of action of antimicrobial Drugs Know and understand key concepts about
More informationNew Drugs for Bad Bugs- Statewide Antibiogram
New Drugs for Bad Bugs- Statewide Antibiogram Felicia Matthews, Pharm.D., BCPS Senior Consultant, Pharmacy Specialty BE MedMined Services Disclosures Employee of BD Corporation MedMined Services Agenda
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationAntimicrobial Stewardship/Statewide Antibiogram. Felicia Matthews Senior Consultant, Pharmacy Specialty BD MedMined Services
Antimicrobial Stewardship/Statewide Antibiogram Felicia Matthews Senior Consultant, Pharmacy Specialty BD MedMined Services Disclosures Employee of BD Corporation MedMined Services Agenda CMS and JCAHO
More informationFlorida Health Care Association District 2 January 13, 2015 A.C. Burke, MA, CIC
Florida Health Care Association District 2 January 13, 2015 A.C. Burke, MA, CIC 11/20/2014 1 To describe carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. To identify laboratory detection standards for carbapenem-resistant
More informationAn#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs
An#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs www.biochemj.org/bj/330/0581/bj3300581.htm ciss.blog.olemiss.edu Dr. Vassie Ware Bioscience in the 21 st Century November 14, 2014 Who said this and what
More informationAntibiotic Resistance The Global Perspective
Antibiotic Resistance The Global Perspective Scott A. McEwen Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1; Email: smcewen@uoguleph.ca Introduction Antibiotics have been used
More informationCell Wall Weakeners. Antimicrobials: Drugs that Weaken the Cell Wall. Bacterial Cell Wall. Bacterial Resistance to PCNs. PCN Classification
Cell Wall Weakeners Antimicrobials: Drugs that Weaken the Cell Wall Beta Lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Aztreonam Vancomycin Teicoplanin Bacterial Cell Wall Bacterial cytoplasm is hypertonic
More informationARCH-Vet. Summary 2013
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA FSVO ARCH-Vet Report on sales of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and antibiotic resistance monitoring of livestock in Switzerland Summary 2013 Published by Federal
More informationThe impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker
The impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker sbaker@oucru.org Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Outline The impact of antimicrobial
More informationESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat
ESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat Hicham Ezzat Professor of Microbiology and Immunology Cairo University Introduction 1 Since the 1980s there have been dramatic
More informationIntroduction to Antimicrobials. Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail.
Introduction to Antimicrobials Rachel J. Gordon, MD, MPH Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail. Major Learning Objectives: 1) Learn the different
More informationMulti-Drug Resistant Gram Negative Organisms POLICY REVIEW DATE EXTENDED Printed copies must not be considered the definitive version
Multi-Drug Resistant Gram Negative Organisms POLICY REVIEW DATE EXTENDED 2018 Printed copies must not be considered the definitive version DOCUMENT CONTROL POLICY NO. IC-122 Policy Group Infection Control
More information9/30/2016. Dr. Janell Mayer, Pharm.D., CGP, BCPS Dr. Lindsey Votaw, Pharm.D., CGP, BCPS
Dr. Janell Mayer, Pharm.D., CGP, BCPS Dr. Lindsey Votaw, Pharm.D., CGP, BCPS 1 2 Untoward Effects of Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance Adverse drug events (ADEs) Hypersensitivity/allergy Drug side effects
More informationIntrinsic, implied and default resistance
Appendix A Intrinsic, implied and default resistance Magiorakos et al. [1] and CLSI [2] are our primary sources of information on intrinsic resistance. Sanford et al. [3] and Gilbert et al. [4] have been
More informationImagine. Multi-Drug Resistant Superbugs- What s the Big Deal? A World. Without Antibiotics. Where Simple Infections can be Life Threatening
Multi-Drug Resistant Superbugs- What s the Big Deal? Toni Biasi, RN MSN MPH CIC Infection Prevention Indiana University Health Imagine A World Without Antibiotics A World Where Simple Infections can be
More informationThe β- Lactam Antibiotics. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018
The β- Lactam Antibiotics Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The University of Jordan November 2018 Penicillins. Cephalosporins. Carbapenems. Monobactams. The β- Lactam Antibiotics 2 3 How
More information2012 ANTIBIOGRAM. Central Zone Former DTHR Sites. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
2012 ANTIBIOGRAM Central Zone Former DTHR Sites Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medically Relevant Pathogens Based on Gram Morphology Gram-negative Bacilli Lactose Fermenters Non-lactose
More informationBacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens. John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota
Bacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota Antibiotic Misuse ~150 million courses of antibiotic prescribed by office based prescribers Estimated
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Ghana
Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Ghana Beverly Egyir, PhD Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Bacteriology Department, University of Ghana Background
More informationβ-lactams resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in Morocco 1 st ICREID Addis Ababa March 2018
β-lactams resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in Morocco 1 st ICREID Addis Ababa 12-14 March 2018 Antibiotic resistance center Institut Pasteur du Maroc Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella, ) S. aureus
More informationWhat is the problem? Latest data on antibiotic resistance
European Antibiotic Awareness Day 2009 What is the problem? Latest data on antibiotic resistance Zsuzsanna Jakab, ECDC Director Launch Seminar for EAAD Stockholm, 18 November 2009 Fluoroquinolone-resistant
More informationTable 1. Commonly encountered or important organisms and their usual antimicrobial susceptibilities.
Table 1. Commonly encountered or important organisms and their usual antimicrobial susceptibilities. Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus: *Resistance to penicillin is almost universal. Resistance
More informationMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus By Karla Givens Means of Transmission and Usual Reservoirs Staphylococcus aureus is part of normal flora and can be found on the skin and in the noses of one
More informationANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS
ANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS PHM025D March 2016 Neha Maliwal Project Analyst ISBN: 1-62296-252-4 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free
More informationMultidrug-Resistant Organisms: How Do We Define them? How do We Stop Them?
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: How Do We Define them? How do We Stop Them? Roberta B. Carey, PhD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion Why worry? MDROs Clinical
More informationRCH antibiotic susceptibility data
RCH antibiotic susceptibility data The following represent RCH antibiotic susceptibility data from 2008. This data is used to inform antibiotic guidelines used at RCH. The data includes all microbiological
More informationAntibiotics (2): - Before you start: this lecture has a lot of names and things get entangled together, but I
Antibiotics (2): - Before you start: this lecture has a lot of names and things get entangled together, but I have nothing to do but to write everything the Doctor mentioned. I hope it will be clear. -
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance Surveillance from sentinel public hospitals, South Africa, 2013
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance from sentinel public s, South Africa, 213 Authors: Olga Perovic 1,2, Melony Fortuin-de Smidt 1, and Verushka Chetty 1 1 National Institute for Communicable Diseases
More informationConcise Antibiogram Toolkit Background
Background This toolkit is designed to guide nursing homes in creating their own antibiograms, an important tool for guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. Information about antibiograms and instructions
More informationAntimicrobial Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit: Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Management of Specific Resistant Pathogens
Antimicrobial Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit: Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Management of Specific Resistant Pathogens Henry S. Fraimow, MD a, *, Constantine Tsigrelis, MD b KEYWORDS Resistance
More informationSURVIVABILITY OF HIGH RISK, MULTIRESISTANT BACTERIA ON COTTON TREATED WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
SURVIVABILITY OF HIGH RISK, MULTIRESISTANT BACTERIA ON COTTON TREATED WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Adrienn Hanczvikkel 1, András Vígh 2, Ákos Tóth 3,4 1 Óbuda University, Budapest,
More information1/30/ Division of Disease Control and Health Protection. Division of Disease Control and Health Protection
Surveillance, Outbreaks, and Reportable Diseases, Oh My! Assisted Living Facility, Nursing Home and Surveyor Infection Prevention Training February 2015 A.C. Burke, MA, CIC Health Care-Associated Infection
More informationAMR epidemiological situation: ECDC update
One Health Network on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) AMR epidemiological situation: ECDC update Dominique L. Monnet, on behalf of ECDC Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI)
More informationMicrobiology : antimicrobial drugs. Sheet 11. Ali abualhija
Microbiology : antimicrobial drugs Sheet 11 Ali abualhija return to our topic antimicrobial drugs, we have finished major group of antimicrobial drugs which associated with inhibition of protein synthesis
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course Cascade Reporting Cascade Reporting I. Selecting Antimicrobial Agents for Testing and Reporting Selection of the most appropriate antimicrobials to
More informationESBL- and carbapenemase-producing microorganisms; state of the art. Laurent POIREL
ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing microorganisms; state of the art Laurent POIREL Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit Dept of Medicine University of Fribourg Switzerland INSERM U914 «Emerging Resistance
More informationجداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی
جداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی ویرایش دوم بر اساس ed., 2017 CLSI M100 27 th تابستان ۶۹۳۱ تهیه
More informationSummary of the latest data on antibiotic consumption in the European Union
Summary of the latest data on antibiotic consumption in the European Union November 2012 Highlights on antibiotic consumption Antibiotic use is one of the main factors responsible for the development and
More informationEARS Net Report, Quarter
EARS Net Report, Quarter 4 213 March 214 Key Points for 213* Escherichia coli: The proportion of patients with invasive infections caused by E. coli producing extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) increased
More informationAntibacterial susceptibility testing
Antibiotics: Antil susceptibility testing are natural chemical substances produced by certain groups of microorganisms (fungi, ) that inhibit the growth of or kill the other that cause infection. Several
More informationIntroduction to antimicrobial agents
Introduction to antimicrobial agents Kwan Soo Ko Action mechanisms of antimicrobials Bacteriostatic agents, such as tetracycline - Inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria - Upon exposure to a
More information