The Uncommon. Bacillus cereus Clost. Perfringens Nocardia spp. Mycoplasma spp. Moulds and yeasts Pseudomonas spp.

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1 Uncommon Mastitis

2 The Uncommon Bacillus cereus Clost. Perfringens Nocardia spp. Mycoplasma spp. Moulds and yeasts Pseudomonas spp.

3 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma

4 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Highly contagious Results in milk loss and culling of the infected cows First reported in the US in 1961,, mastitis caused by M.bovis M.bovis is the most frequent

5 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Mastitis causing mycoplasmas: Commonly found in the mucous membrane of respiratory and urogenital tracts of healthy cows All ages and at any lactational stages

6 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Species involved M.bovis M.californicum M.bovihirnis M.dispar M.canadense F-38

7 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Species involved M.bovigenitalium M.alkalescens M.arginini Bovine group 7

8 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma More than one qtr affected, sometimes all four Marked drop in milk yield of the affected cows

9 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma Abnormal udder secretions varies from watery with a few clots to a colostrum-like like material The chronical affected shows tannish secretion with sandy or flaky sediments

10 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma Udder secretion becomes purulent and last for several weeks

11 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma May continue lactating with normal appearance but high SCC and less yield than expected

12 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma May return to the expected yield May shed the organism intermittently for variable periods

13 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma Severity and recovery vary within herds and between herds depending on the involved mycoplasma species and susceptibility of the cows

14 Mastitis caused by Clinical findings Mycoplasma Lameness due to arthritis in the hocks and fetlocks is frequently seen in the mastitic and non- mastitic cows in the infected herds

15 Diagnosis Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Samples from the clinical: Large numbers of pathogens Samples from chronic or carrier cows: Only a few organisms

16 Diagnosis Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Bulk tank milk isolation: May be useful for determination of existing of the pathogens in a herd

17 Diagnosis Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Most mycoplasmas isolated from bulk tank milk and cow milk samples are pathogenic

18 Diagnosis Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma But for Acholesplasma laidlawii, a common nonpathogenic saprophytic contaminant frequently found in dairy environment and teat skin

19 Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma Epizootiology Transfer within herds occurs at milking time by means of formites New herd infections occurs from new replacements with infected udders

20 M.bovis In Respiratory tract hematogenous M.bovis Infection In the udder Spreading during milking Infected udder Infected udder Infected udder

21 Control Mastitis caused by Bio-security No treatment Mycoplasma Treating the clinical.any any benefits???

22 Mastitis caused by B.cereus

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24 Mastitis caused by Bacillus species and Other Gram + Bacilli Primary source Soil, water, air, feces, vegetation, wounds, abscesses

25 Mastitis caused by Bacillus species and Other Gram + Bacilli Means of spread Contaminated treatment Treatment devices Improper teat sanitation prior to treatment

26 Mastitis caused by Bacillus species and Other Gram + Bacilli Severity B.cereus causes acute fatal gangrenous mastitis

27 Mastitis from B.cereus

28 Mastitis from B.cereus

29 Mastitis from B.cereus

30 Mastitis from B.cereus

31 Mastitis from B.cereus

32 Mastitis from B.cereus

33 Mastitis from B.cereus

34 Mastitis from B.cereus

35 Mastitis from B.cereus

36 Mastitis from B.cereus

37 Mastitis from B.cereus

38 Mastitis from B.cereus

39 Mastitis from B.cereus

40 Mastitis from B.cereus

41 Mastitis from B.cereus

42 Mastitis from B.cereus

43 Mastitis from B.cereus

44 Mastitis caused by Nocardia

45 Mastitis from Nocardia

46 Mastitis from Nocardia

47 Mastitis from Nocardia

48 Mastitis from Nocardia

49 Mastitis from Nocardia

50 Mastitis from Nocardia

51 Mastitis from Nocardia

52 Mastitis from Nocardia

53 Mastitis from Nocardia

54 Mastitis caused by Pseudomanas Epizootiology Clinical findings Treatment???

55 Mastitis caused by moulds & yeast

56 Mycotic Mastitis The most common pathogens Candida spp., Trichosporon spp., Cryptococcus spp. Less common Pichia, Torulopsis

57 Mycotic Mastitis Means of Transmission Home-made made udder infusion products Multi-dose commercial products Re-used syringes or teat canula Poor aseptic technique for infusion

58 Diagnosis Mycotic Mastitis Animals with history of unsuccessful antibiotic treatment Animals with intensification of clinical signs following antibiotic treatment

59 Diagnosis The suspected: Direct smear of the milk and stained

60 Treatment Mycotic Mastitis No FDA approved therapeutic agents available Most naturally infected by Candida spp. Or Trichosporon spp.: spontaneously regress

61 Treatment Mycotic Mastitis Some trials and reports of treatment: Niconazole mg (imi), Clotrimazole mg (imi) ; Thiabendazole 45gm (po)

62 End of this topic