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1 DEUTEROSTOMES This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law.
2 Deuterostome
3 Echinodermata body plan! Body plan! Larvae are bilateral! Adults are radial! Endoskeleton " Supportive structure within
4 Echinodermata body plan! Body plan! Water vascular system " Fluid-filled chambers creating hydrostatic skeleton " Supported by tube feet " Podia " Elongated, fluid filled structures " Sections of tube feet that project outside body " Involved in motion
5 Echinodermata feeding! Role of podia:! Predatory spp. " Use podia to pry bivalves " Extrude their stomach through opening! Suspension feeders " Use podia to flick food to cilia " Cilia sweep food into mouth
6 Echinodermata: lineages
7 Echinodermata: Crinoidea! Feather stars & sea lilies! Sessile suspension feeders Feather star Sea lilly
8 Echinodermata: lineages
9 Echinodermata: Asteroidea! Sea stars! 5 (or more) long arms! Radiating from central region! Predators! Crawl using tube feed! Reproductive organs in arms
10 Echinodermata: lineages
11 Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea! Brittle stars & basket stars! Five (or more) long arms " Used in suspension feeding Brittle star Basket star
12 Echinodermata: lineages
13 Echinodermata: Echinoidea! Sea urchins! Spherical bodies! Herbivores! Crawl using spines! Sand dollars! Disk-shaped bodies! Suspension feeders
14 Echinodermata: lineages
15 Echinodermata: Holothuroidea! Sea cucumbers! Sausages of the sea! Suspension feed (or deposit feed) " Using modified tube feet (tentacles) in a whorl around their mouth
16 Deuterostome phylogenetics
17 Chordata s morphological features 1. Hollow nerve cord (running length of body) 2. Notochord (a supportive, yet flexible rod) 3. Tail 4. Pharyngeal gill slits (openings in throat)
18 Deuterostome phylogenetics
19 Chordata: Cephalochordata! Lancets! Small, mobile! Suspension feeders! Resemble fish! Intermediary b/n invertebrates and vertebrates! Notochord is endoskeleton
20 Deuterostome phylogenetics
21 Chordata: Urochordata! Sea squirts! Characteristics! Tunic " Exoskeleton-like coat! U-shaped gut! Two siphons
22 Deuterostome phylogenetics
23 Chordata: Vertebrata! Nerve cord developed to spinal cord! Not hollow! Pharyngeal gill slits! Aquatic spp. " Become gills
24 Innovations in vertebrates! Amniotic eggs! Resists deydration! Tetrapods! Walking! Bony endoskeleton! Rapid swimming! Jaws! New method of feeding! Bony exoskeleton! Scale-like pattern, protective time
25 Vertebrate phylogenetics! Limbs developed 1 st! Lungfish! Fleshy fins! Natural selection favored limbs over fins! Terapods dominate land
26 Vertebrate phylogenetics! Amniotic egg! Amnion " Protective inner membrane
27 Vertebrate phylogenetics! Modified amniotic egg! Placenta! Oxygen & nutrients mother to embryo
28 Deuterostome phylogenetics
29 Vertebrata: Hagfish & Lampreys! Lack jaws! Hagfish! Lack vertebral column! Scavengers & predators! Lampreys! Pieces of cartilage along nerve cord! Ectoparasites
30 Deuterostome phylogenetics
31 Evolution of jaws gill slits gill arches skull jawless fish jaws jawed fish
32 Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes! Sharks, rays, skates! Characteristics! Cartilaginous skeleton! Jaws! Paired fins
33 Deuterostome phylogenetics
34 Vertebrata: Actinoterygii! Ray-finned fish! Characteristics! Fins supported by long bony rods! Swim bladder! Bony skeleton! Most successful vertebrate lineage! # of spp.
35 Deuterostome phylogenetics
36 Vertebrata: Actinista & Dipnoi! Lobe-finned fishes! Lungfish " Shallow ponds! Coelacanths " Ocean! Link b/n fish and terapods! Lobe-shaped fins " Linear arrangement of bones " Similar to terapods
37 Deuterostome phylogenetics
38 Fins to Limbs Lobe-finned fish shoulder femur pelvis humerus ulna radius Ancestral amphibian lobed fins tibiafibula shoulder jointed limbs pelvis femur humerus radius ulna tibia fibula
39 Vertebrata: Amphibia! Frogs/toads, salamanders, caeclians! Characteristics! Gas exchange over skin! Carnivores! Lay eggs in water! Four limbs " Caeclians lack limbs & eyes
40 Deuterostome phylogenetics
41 Vertebrata: Mammalia! Characteristics! Hair! Endothermic! Mammary glands
42 Vertebrata: Mammalia
43 Mammalia: Monotremata! Characteristics! Lay eggs! Leathery bills! Platypus! Echidnas! 3 spp.
44 Vertebrata: Mammalia
45 Mammalia: Marsupiala! Characteristics! Placenta! Short embryonic period! Attach to mother s nipple
46 Vertebrata: Mammalia
47 Mammalia: Eutheria! Characteristics! Highly developed at birth! Develop in placenta
48 Deuterostome phylogenetics
49 Vertebrata: Reptilia! Characteristics! Scales! Lungs! Amniotic eggs! Ectothermic " Except birds
50 Vertebrata: Reptilia
51 Reptilia: Lepidosauria! Characteristics! Elongated bodies! Scaly skin! Lizards! Jointed legs! Snakes! Limbless! Some have vestigial legs
52 Vertebrata: Reptilia
53 Reptilia: Tetsudinia! Characteristics! Shell of bony plates! Lack teeth, have bony beak! Turtles & tortoises
54 Vertebrata: Reptilia
55 Reptilia: Crocodilia! Characteristics! Eyes on top of head! Nostrils on top of snout! Crocodiles and Alligators
56 Vertebrata: Reptilia
57 Reptilia: Aves! Characteristics! Feathers! Lightweight bones! Endothermic! Birds
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