The end of the Age of Dinosaurs in Antarctica. Matthew C. Lamanna, Carnegie Museum of Natural History
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1 The end of the Age of Dinosaurs in Antarctica Matthew C. Lamanna, Carnegie Museum of Natural History
2 Pangaea: ancient supercontinent 220 Ma (Late Triassic) Blakey 2003
3 Mid-Mesozoic breakup of Pangaea 150 Ma (Late Jurassic) Blakey 2003
4 Mid-Mesozoic breakup of Pangaea Laurasia: northern supercontinent Blakey 2003
5 Mid-Mesozoic breakup of Pangaea Gondwana: southern supercontinent Blakey 2003
6 Geography influences evolution
7 Laurasian Cretaceous dinosaurs Josh Franzos
8 Gondwanan Cretaceous dinosaurs
9 Ron Blakey Gondwanan dinos much less known
10 Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous Ron Blakey
11 Ron Blakey Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous South America
12 Ron Blakey Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous Africa & Arabia
13 Ron Blakey Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous Australia
14 Ron Blakey Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous Madagascar
15 Jeff Wilson Jeff Wilson Ron Blakey Exploring the Gondwanan Cretaceous India & Pakistan
16 Ron Blakey Gondwanan Cretaceous dinosaurs
17 Ron Blakey Jose Bonaparte Abelisauroid theropods Bonaparte 1985; Bonaparte et al Carnotaurus sastrei
18 Ron Blakey Jose Bonaparte Dave Krause Abelisauroid theropods Lavocat 1955; Sampson et al. 1998; Sampson & Krause 2007 Carnotaurus sastrei Majungasaurus crenatissimus
19 Ron Blakey Jose Bonaparte Dave Krause Project Exploration Abelisauroid theropods Wilson et al Rajasaurus narmadensis Carnotaurus sastrei Majungasaurus crenatissimus
20 Spinosaurid theropods Davide Bonadonna/National Geographic
21 Carcharodontosaurid theropods University of Chicago
22 Todd Marshall Rebbachisaurid sauropods
23 Mark Hallett Titanosaurian sauropods
24 Titanosaurian sauropods
25 Todd Marshall Paralititan stromeri
26 Antarctica
27 Antarctica?
28 zimbio.com
29 Antarctica: the missing piece
30 Antarctica: the missing piece ~70 Ma (Late Cretaceous)
31 Antarctica: the missing piece South America Antarctica Australia ~70 Ma (Late Cretaceous)
32 Antarctica: the missing piece South America Antarctica Australia ~70 Ma (Late Cretaceous)
33 Antarctic Peninsula
34 Antarctic Peninsula
35 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Peninsula
36 Antarctic Peninsula Vega Is. James Ross Is.
37 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula Vega Is. James Ross Is.
38 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula Cretaceous Maastrichtian Campanian Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Ma Jurassic Triassic Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian Ma
39 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula Cretaceous Maastrichtian ~90-70 Campanian Ma Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Ma Jurassic Triassic Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian Ma
40 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
41 Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Robert Nicholls
42 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Sharks
43 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Bony fishes
44 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Plesiosaurs
45 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Mosasaurs
46 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Non-avian dinosaurs
47 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov.
48 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Olivero et al. 1991; Salgado & Gasparini 2006
49 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Bones preserved Pelvis Left lateral (side) view Coria et al. 2013
50 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Milner et al. 1992; Barrett et al. 2014
51 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Milner et al. 1992; Barrett et al. 2014
52 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Right dentary (lower jaw) Lateral (side) view Milner et al. 1992; Barrett et al. 2014
53 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Labial (side) view Tooth Mesial (front) view Case et al. 2000
54 Michael Skrepnick Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov.
55 Michael Skrepnick Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov.
56 Ron Blakey Hadrosaur paleobiogeography Originate North America/Eurasia ~100 Ma
57 Ron Blakey Hadrosaur paleobiogeography Disperse to South America ~80 Ma
58 Ron Blakey Hadrosaur paleobiogeography Disperse to Antarctica ~80-70 Ma
59 Ron Blakey Hadrosaur paleobiogeography South America-Antarctica land connection operative in latest Cretaceous
60 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Anterior (front) view Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Caudal (tail) vertebra Right lateral (side) view Posterior (rear) view Cerda et al. 2012
61 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Tibia (ankle end only) Posterior (rear) view Molnar et al. 1996
62 Antarctic Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosauria Ornithischia Thyreophora Ankylosauria Antarctopelta oliveroi Ornithopoda Morrosaurus antarcticus Trinisaura santamartaensis Unidentified ornithopod(s) Hadrosauridae indet. Saurischia Sauropoda Titanosauria indet. Theropoda Tetanurae indet.?dromaeosauridae?unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Anterior (front) view Tarsus & pes (ankle & foot) Case et al. 2007
63 Nature of Antarctic dinosaur fauna
64 Nature of Antarctic dinosaur fauna The majority of the dinosaur assemblage from the Antarctic Peninsula are remnants of a cosmopolitan dinosaur fauna more typical of other areas at earlier times (e.g. mid-cretaceous of North America and Australia ). Case et al. 2007
65 Antarctica ~70 Ma
66 Antarctic dinosaurs ~70 Ma Dromaeosaurids Titanosaurs Basal ornithopods Ankylosaurs Hadrosaurids
67 Gondwanan dinosaurs ~70 Ma Dromaeosaurids Titanosaurs Basal ornithopods Ankylosaurs Hadrosaurids
68 South American dinosaurs ~70 Ma Dromaeosaurids Titanosaurs Basal ornithopods Ankylosaurs Hadrosaurids
69 Antarctic dinosaurs ~70 Ma?Dromaeosaurids Titanosaurs Basal ornithopods Ankylosaurs Hadrosaurids = No evidence for relictualism in Antarctic latest Cretaceous dinosaur fauna
70 Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Robert Nicholls
71 Robert Nicholls Antarctic Cretaceous vertebrates Birds
72 Modern birds (Neornithes) >10,000 species
73 When did modern birds evolve? Modified from Dyke & van Tuinen 2004
74 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Avian fossil record modern birds (Neornithes) Paleogene neornithines Ichthyornis Hesperornis Gansus Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
75 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Cretaceous origin of modern birds? modern birds (Neornithes) Paleogene neornithines Ichthyornis Hesperornis Gansus Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
76 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Cretaceous origin of modern birds? modern birds (Neornithes) Ichthyornis Hesperornis Paleogene neornithines Cretaceous neornithines? Gansus Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
77 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula Vega Is. James Ross Is.
78 Vegavis iaai Clarke et al. 2005
79 Michael Skrepnick Vegavis iaai Clarke et al. 2005
80 Michael Skrepnick Vegavis iaai Clarke et al. 2005
81 Relationships of Vegavis Clarke et al. 2005
82 Vegavis: a Cretaceous duck Clarke et al. 2005
83 James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula Vega Is. James Ross Is.
84 Polarornis gregorii Chatterjee 2002
85 Aravind Krishnaswamy Polarornis: a Cretaceous loon? Chatterjee 2002
86 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Cretaceous origin of modern birds? modern birds (Neornithes) Paleogene neornithines Ichthyornis Hesperornis Gansus Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
87 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Cretaceous origin of modern birds! modern birds (Neornithes) Ichthyornis Hesperornis Gansus Antarctic Cretaceous neornithines Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
88 Jurassic ( Mya) T I M E Cretaceous ( Mya) Cenozoic (66-0 Mya) Antarctica: cradle of modern birds? modern birds (Neornithes) Ichthyornis Hesperornis Gansus Antarctic Cretaceous neornithines Hongshanornis Confuciusornis Yixianornis Yanornis Archaeopteryx
89 Unanswered questions
90 Unanswered questions How, precisely, are Antarctic Late Cretaceous vertebrates related to contemporaneous species from elsewhere in the Gondwanan continents?
91 Unanswered questions How, precisely, are Antarctic Late Cretaceous vertebrates related to contemporaneous species from elsewhere in the Gondwanan continents? Hadrosaurid dinosaur indicates Late Cretaceous immigration from South America but when, more specifically, was this land route available?
92 Unanswered questions How, precisely, are Antarctic Late Cretaceous vertebrates related to contemporaneous species from elsewhere in the Gondwanan continents? Hadrosaurid dinosaur indicates Late Cretaceous immigration from South America but when, more specifically, was this land route available? Only definitive neornithine (i.e., modern) birds from Age of Dinosaurs come from Antarctica did the group originate and/or diversify there?
93 Unanswered questions How, precisely, are Antarctic Late Cretaceous vertebrates related to contemporaneous species from elsewhere in the Gondwanan continents? Hadrosaurid dinosaur indicates Late Cretaceous immigration from South America but when, more specifically, was this land route available? Only definitive neornithine (i.e., modern) birds from Age of Dinosaurs come from Antarctica did the group originate and/or diversify there? Where are the mammals? (And crocodilians, and lizards, and snakes, and amphibians )
94 Antarctic Peninsula Paleontology Project (AP3)
95 Project objectives Recover additional Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from Antarctica
96 Project objectives Recover additional Late Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from Antarctica Situate these fossils within accurate evolutionary, temporal, paleoenvironmental & paleoecological contexts
97 2009 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
98 Target: Vega Island
99 2009 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
100 2009 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
101 2009 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
102 Cape Lachman, James Ross Island Vega Is. James Ross Is.
103 Cape Lachman, James Ross Island
104 Hidden Lake Formation
105
106 Wow! A new fossil crab! Hadrocarcinus tectilacus Schweitzer, Feldmann, & Lamanna 2012
107 2011 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
108 The Naze, James Ross Island Vega Is. James Ross Is.
109 The Naze, James Ross Island
110 Snow Hill Island Formation
111 Cape Lamb & Sandwich Bluff, Vega Island Vega Is. James Ross Is.
112 Cape Lamb & Sandwich Bluff, Vega Island
113 López de Bertodano Formation
114 Conditions less than ideal
115 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries
116 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries Plants 1 cm cf. Sapindaceae Winged seed
117 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries Sharks 1 cm
118 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries Bony fishes 2 cm Articulated vertebral column
119 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries 5 cm Plesiosaurs Articulated partial skeleton
120 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries Non-avian dinosaurs 1 cm Pedal phalanx (toe bone) Lateral (side) view 1 cm Tooth
121 Robert Nicholls 2011 expedition discoveries Thoracic (back) vertebra Tarsometatarsus (foot bone) Coracoid (shoulder bone) Birds 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
122 2011 expedition discoveries Roberts et al. 2014
123 2011 expedition discoveries Roberts et al. 2014
124 A K Pg boundary section on Vega? Roberts et al. 2014
125 2013 & 2014 Antarctic expeditions
126 Satellite images of James Ross Basin January 8, 2013 January 6, 2014
127 Sea ice extremely extensive January 8, 2013 January 6, 2014
128 2009 Antarctic Peninsula expedition
129 Sea ice extremely extensive January 8, 2013 January 6, 2014 = terrible for us
130 2013 & 2014 Antarctic expeditions
131 2013 & 2014 Antarctic expeditions
132 So now what?
133 2016 Antarctic expedition Ron Kaufmann
134 A bigger boat! And better yet Ron Kaufmann
135 Helicopters!
136 Helicopters!
137 Plus small boat support
138 Small boat support
139 James Ross Island
140 Vega Island
141 Robertson Island
142 Cape Lamb & Sandwich Bluff, Vega Island
143 The Naze, James Ross Island
144 Theropod dinosaur fossils!
145 ?Unenlagiinae gen. et sp. nov. Ankle & foot (front view) Case et al. 2007
146 More to come
147 Acknowledgments Research collaboration & scientific discussion Julia Clarke, Ross MacPhee, Pat O Connor, Steve Salisbury, Joe Sertich, Eric Roberts, Kerin Claeson, Zubair Jinnah, Meng Jin, Eric Gorscak, Chris Torres, Abby West, Matt Koshmrl, Jane Francis, Judd Case, Ricardo Ely, Dale Malinzak, Sam Gutherz, Carrie Schweitzer, Rodney Feldmann, Nick Swanson-Hysell, Chris Strganac, Joe Kirschvink, Peter Ward, Tom Tobin, Dave Barbeau, Sarah Slotznick, Ross Mitchell Logistical support United States Antarctic Program, Lockheed Martin Antarctic Support Contract, Raytheon Polar Services Corporation, Edison Chouest Offshore, Cara Ferrier, Brett Pickering, Phil Austin, Ken Vicknair, Kelley Watson, Chris Denker, John Evans, Matthew Erickson, Adam Jenkins, Tim McGovern, Alexandra Isern, Mark Kurz, Thom Wilch, Peter West, all personnel on USAP cruises LMG09-11, LMG11-02, & NBP16-02 Funding National Science Foundation (grants ANT [PI MacPhee] & ANT [PI Lamanna])
148 Questions?
149
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