Franciscana conservation efforts

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1 Franciscana conservation efforts Pablo Bordino AquaMarina CECIM Konferencja współfinansowana przez Unię Europejską ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu Infrastruktura i Środowisko

2 Pablo Bordino, Lic., MSc. Fundacion AquaMarina CECIM Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina

3 Franciscana dolphin Franciscana Dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei Length / 174 / 158 cm Weight 52 / 43 Kg Age maturity 2 / 3-4 years Life span years Gestation months Lactation 6-9 months Habitat Coastal- 5nm Diet Bottom dwelling fish Shrimp, squid, octopussy Behavior No aerial display 1-6 individuals

4 Franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei 1. Distribution and Population 2. Threats and Status 3. Conservation efforts 4. Future actions

5 1. Distribution and Populations Endemic Sps. Management areas.

6 Endemic Coastal SW Atlantic Brazil Uruguay Argentina Defined Stocks 4 Management Areas (Secchi et al. 2003) FMA IV Argentina 15,000 17,000 (Crespo et al. 2010)

7 Uruguay FM4 Argentina Buenos Aires Province BAP Argentina Buenos Aires Province S Genetic analysis (Mendez et al 2007, 2010) VHF Radio and Satellite tracking (Bordino et al. 2008, 2010) 0 400km Population units. Small home ranges W

8 2. Threats and Status Fishing and overfishing Vulnerable (IUCN)

9 In Argentina Fishing & Overfishing Gillneters Trawlers ~ 70% of coastal FE in ARG. BAP Brazil stream Malvinas stream

10 Gillneter Villages & Trawler Harbours Franciscana Dolphin In Argentina Buenos Aires Province BAP Northern BAP BSB Bahia Samborombon CSA Cabo San Antonio Convergence and La Plata estuary influence ~ 70% FE ( 40%) ~ 80% landings

11 Gillnet Artisanal Fishery at BAP. White coracker Micropogonias furnieri Weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa S Fishery Small Scale Spatially Structured Sedentary Stocks Subsistance Economy

12 1. Bycatch in Gillnets / year. (Observers on board) > 2% of the stock. > 70% and juveniles. The most threatened Cetacean in the SWA.

13 In Argentina

14 2. Changes in food diet. 20 fish 4 crustaceans 2 cephalopds IRI preys Overfishing Trophic cascade (Bordino et al. 2008) (Rodriguez et al. 2010) (Zapata et al. 2010) 3. Pollution Franciscana Dolphin 28% Plastic debris 63% packaging debris 36% fishing gear (Denuncio et al. 2012)

15 Why bycatch mitigation is necessary? 1. Unsustainable bycatch 2. Higher FE 3. Gillnet tradition Franciscana Dolphin In Argentina 4. Resident populations 5. High bycatch in small home ranges

16 3. Conservation efforts. Bycatch mitigation Fishery Management Education

17 Bycatch mitigation Between wish and reality Time area closure is unviable Location of gillnets far away. Use of gillnets as driftnets. Pingers. Switching fishing gear Reflective / Stiff gillnets. Fishery management.

18 a. Pingers Dukane 10 khz Airmar 70 khz (Bordino et al. 2002) (Bordino et al. 2004) Double blind experiment Fish catch Dolphin bycatch Sea lion interaction CPUE analysis & probability of catch

19 a. Pingers Highly effectives 2. Dinnerbell (10kHz) 3. Expensive 4. Imported 5. Behavioral response?

20

21 b. Switching gillnets with handlines (Bordino et al. 2012) Standard gillnets vs. experimental bottom handlines 2 Study areas (BSB and CSA) 10 artisanal fishermen Fish catch Selectivity Wildlife bycatch / biomass Independent Economic analysis

22 b. Switching gillnets with handlines. (Bordino et al. 2012) 1. Highly effective. 2. Reduced bycatch. 3. Economically viable. 4. New Fishing market. 5. Evaluation at larger scale.

23

24 Bottom Gillnets hand-lines Total Number of sets Total Fishing effort Average soak time (hs) Total CommercialFish catch (kg) # of dolphins 87 1 CPUE x # of sea turtles 62 4 CPUE x # of sea lion attacks APUE x # of seabirds 0 0 CPUE x Table 1. Interaction of fishing gears with dolphins, sea lions, sea turtles and seabirds during the experiment in The CPUE and the APUE are expressed / Kg of fish catch. The fishing effort for gillnets and handlines are expressed as m /h and number of hooks/h respectively.

25 Franciscana dolphin incidentaly caught in a handline outisde the experimental framework in Bahia Samborombon (BSB).

26 C. Reflective & stiff gillnets Considerable focus on increasing acoustic and mechanical properties of gillnets with denser materials as BaSO4. Trippel et al Mooney et al Larsen et al Bordino et al. (unpublished) Northridge et al. (unpublished unpublished)

27 C. Reflective & stiff gillnets (Bordino et al. 2012) Std vs Reflective vs Stiff gillnets 50% FE replaced BSB as study area 6 artisanal fishermen Fish catch Dolphin / sea turtle bycatch Gillnet behavior

28 C. Reflective & stiff gillnets (Bordino et al. 2012) 1. NS differences in CPUE fish. 2. NS differences in CPUE dolphin. 3. S net behavior.

29

30

31 Fishery management Habitat use and fishing overlap Satellite tracking Net locations and FE

32 Satellite tracking BSB Franciscana Dolphin 12 Franciscana dolphins (5 > 7900 locations tracking days. > 200 Net locations in Overlap with fishing / year. 2. Overlap with FE.

33 Gillnets FE (m 2 x h x day) Franciscana Dolphin BSB Coast Guard reports Interviews Field observations Low: <900 Medium: > 900 and <3600 High: > 3600

34 Successfull strategy? a. Ecosystem approach. b. Socio-cultural cultural and economic aspects. c. Stakeholders Consensus.

35 Stakeholders Consensus Strategy used in BSB. Franciscana Dolphin 1. Discusion 2. Experimenting 3. Implementation 4. Evaluation 5. Monitoring

36 Consensus Strategy for implementation Franciscana Dolphin Evaluation & monitoring Certification New fishing market Minimum productivity Use of mitigation tools Gillnet FE reduction

37 Is it effective? feasible? practical? accepted? profitable? Sustainable?

38 Education Franciscana Dolphin Different levels Informal approach Kindergarten Primary High School talks Puppet show Art events 400 kids & 80 teens

39 Education Franciscana Dolphin Different levels Informal approach Universities 2011 Field internships Training opportunities Mentoring 3 local interns 1 foreign intern 1 finished thesis

40 4. Future actions. On going Research and Education Management NAP for MARMAM Conservation

41 Future Actions 1. Research (2013) a. Abundance and status evaluation at each FMA 4 population b. Large scale handlines experiment & initial implementation c. New bycatch mitigation approaches d. Satellite tagging offshore e. Photo identification 2. Outcome for Management (2015) a. Artisanal fishermen implement bycatch mitigation strategy b. 25% bycatch reduction in priority populations for FMA 4 c. BAP Fishery Department adopts management strategy d. Effective enforcement by consensus e. Effective communication

42 Acknowledgements Franciscana Dolphin Volunteer students at AquaMarina and FVSA. UAPA Artisanal Fishermen.

43 Thank you.

44 Konferencja współfinansowana przez Unię Europejską ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu Infrastruktura i Środowisko

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