An overview of the jumping spiders of Lesotho (Araneae: Salticidae), with descriptions of six new species

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1 African Invertebrates Vol. 55 (2): Pietermaritzburg 16 September 2014 An overview of the jumping spiders of Lesotho (Araneae: Salticidae), with descriptions of six new species Wanda Wesołowska 1 and Charles R. Haddad 2 * 1 Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Wrocław, Poland; tomwes@biol.uni.wroc.pl 2 Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa; haddadcr@ufs.ac.za *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The first overview of the jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Lesotho is presented. Twenty-eight species are recorded for the first time, to add to three recently described species of Euophryinae. Among these, six species are described as new to science: Belippo attenuata sp. n., Dendryphantes acutus sp. n., Heliophanus furvus sp. n., H. maluti sp. n., H. transversus sp. n. and Massagris mohale sp. n., all known from both sexes. The Lesotho fauna shows considerable overlap with the grassland fauna of the adjacent Free State Province of South Africa (15 of 31 species), indicating the importance of vegetation in shaping salti cid assemblages, but highlighting the role of the considerable differences in altitude and geology in the two areas. KEY WORDS: Afrotropical, Lesotho, Maluti Mountains, Araneae, Salticidae, jumping spiders, taxonomy, new species, new records, grassland, ground-dwelling. INTRODUCTION The spider fauna of southern Africa has been generally well studied by numerous arach nologists, beginning in the late 19 th century (Jocqué et al. 2013). The jumping spiders (Salticidae) of the subregion have been the focus of considerable taxonomic study in recent years, leading to the description of a multitude of new taxa and redescriptions of some poorly known species (Wesołowska 1999a, 2006, 2011; Wesołowska & Cumming 2008, 2011; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009, 2013; Azarkina & Logunov 2010; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011, 2013; Azarkina & Foord 2013; Wesołowska et al. 2014). Despite this, the Kingdom of Lesotho has been completely unexplored and remains a blank on distributional maps of southern African salticids, but also of most other spider families too (Jocqué et al. 2013). To date, only 39 species have been described or recorded from the country in the published literature and spider atlases (Appendix), although most of these country records are not reflected in the World Spider Catalog (Platnick 2014). This paper intends to fill this gap by presenting the first comprehensive data on the salticids from the country. Recently, three species of Euophryinae were described from Lesotho by Wesołowska et al. (2014), two in the genus Euophrys C.L. Koch, 1834 and one in Thyenula Simon, A further 28 species are reported here, of which six are described as new and the rest all representing new records for the country, taking the number of salticids known from Lesotho to 31. Most of the material included in this study originates from two large-scale biodiversity surveys conducted in 2003, during which the junior author collected spiders and other arachnids. Firstly, the Mohale Dam faunal rescue on islands, in which the biodiversity of arachnids, mammals, reptiles and birds in the Mohale Dam catchment area in central Lesotho and islands that formed during inundation of the dam, were compared. Secondly, the project Conserving Mountain Biodiversity in Southern Lesotho, which investigated urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:20997faa-ce3b e2c-1ded9dbe6ceb

2 230 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 the biodiversity of the aforementioned taxa in the southern and south-eastern parts of the country. The material from these two studies contributed the vast majority of specimens collected from the country to date. A few salticids recently collected in central and northern Lesotho were also included in this study. Despite the data presented here, there are still several districts that have not been sampled at all for arachnids, particularly in the western lowlands and eastern Drakensberg Mountains, and it is likely that many more salticids will be recorded from the country in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area and period Lesotho is one of the smallest countries in Africa and covers an area slightly larger than km 2. It is an enclave within South Africa, and borders with the KwaZulu-Natal Province to the east, Eastern Cape Province to the south, and Free State Province to the north and west. Topographically, Bonde (1993) divided Lesotho into six main regions: 1) the lowlands (altitude from m); 2) foothills of the Maluti Mountains ( m); 3) Senqu Valley and lower mountain valleys (altitudes up to 1750 m); 4) upper mountain valleys ( m); 5) mountain region ( m), and 6) high mountain region (>3000 m). The Maluti and Drakensberg Mountain ranges in central and eastern Lesotho, respectively, form the Lesotho Highlands, which largely range in altitude from m, with some areas in the northern and eastern parts exceeding 3000 m in altitude (Fig. 1). Geologically, the lowlands are dominated by sandstone, siltstone, shale and mudstone formations, while the higher altitudes mainly comprise basalt formations (Castro & Bell 1995; Letlatsa 2004). The highest point in the country is the peak of Thaba Ntlenyana, at 3482 m. The Caledon River forms the northern boundary of the country with South Africa. Most of the rivers originating in the eastern part of the country ultimately feed into the Senqu River, which runs westwards and forms the Orange River upon its entry into South Africa. The country in its entirety falls within the Grassland Biome (Low & Rebelo 1996), although some vegetation categorisations indicate that the eastern Drakensberg Mountain parts of Lesotho contains vegetation more typical of the Nama Karoo Biome (Rutherford & Westfall 1994). Details of the most important vegetation types in Lesotho are given in Pomela et al. (2000). For the most part, the flora is dominated by grasses, short bushes and herbs (Figs 2 5). Woody plants are uncommon except along some mountainsides, rivers and valleys, where Leucosidea sericea (ouhoud) shrubs are a prominent component (Figs 6, 7). In some areas, Eucalyptus (bluegum) and Populus (poplar) plantations are used for subsistence wood production, while cultivation (predominantly maize) is concentrated in the lowland areas. At the higher altitudes, stock farming (particularly sheep and goats) is the dominant agricultural activity. Wetlands are a prominent feature of high altitudes, and play a critical role in the natural purification of fresh water. Most of the specimens included in this study were collected by the junior author in During March and December, two visits each approximately a week in duration were undertaken to the Mohale Dam in central Lesotho, where several sites within the catch ment area and islands within the inundation zone were sampled (Fig. 5). During November, several sites were sampled in southern and south-eastern Lesotho (Qacha s Nek and Quthing Districts) over a three-week period. Specimens were also provided to the junior author that were collected in 2013 from a few isolated localities in central and

3 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 231 Fig. 1. Topographical map of Lesotho and surrounding areas of South Africa. Open circles indicate all localities of the material included in this study. northern Lesotho. Due to the general scarcity of woody vegetation at most sampling sites, most collecting was undertaken by hand, particularly focusing on arachnids occurring under rocks, in ferns and in grass tussocks. Sweep-netting was occasionally carried out in dense grassland. All spiders collected were preserved in 70 % ethanol. Taxonomy In the laboratory, spiders were examined in a dish with 70 % ethanol. Descriptions of colours pertain to wet specimens. Drawings were made with the aid of a reticular eye piece attached to a binocular microscope (Nikon and MBS-10). In some cases the male pedipalps and female epigynes were dissected for more detailed study. Epigynes were macerated in 5 % hot KOH for a few minutes, dehydrated with 100 % ethanol, cleared in xylene, and drawn in temporary eugenol mounts. After examination, the genitalia were placed in micro-vials with ethanol and put into the vials containing the specimens from which they had been removed. Terminology is standard for spiders. All measurements are given in millimetres and were made with a binocular microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer scale. Cara pace length was measured from the base of the anterior median eyes (without the lenses) to the posterior margin of the carapace medially, and abdomen length from the front abdominal margin to the posterior end of the anal tubercle (i.e. excluding the spin

4 232 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Figs 2 7. Habitat photographs of some sites where spider sampling was conducted in Lesotho: (2) Sehlabathebe National Park; (3) Letšeng-la-Letsie; (4) Pass near Mohlakwana; (5) Mohale Dam; (6) Tsatsane valley near Ha Liphapang; (7) Ha Frans (all photographs courtesy of Johan van Niekerk). nerets). Digital photos were taken of selected salticid species using a Nikon Coolpix 8400 mounted on a Nikon SMZ and Zeiss Stemi 2000 stereomicroscope. The extended focal range images were stacked using Helicon Focus software. Distribution maps were produced for each species using the online programme SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). Unless otherwise indicated, all specimens examined were collected by the junior author. The material collected in this study was predominantly deposited in the Natio nal Collection of Arachnida, ARC Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa (NCA), with a few specimens deposited in the Musée Royal de l Afrique Cen trale, Tervuren, Belgium (MRAC) and in The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. (BMNH).

5 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 233 TAXONOMY Belippo attenuata sp. n. Figs 8 10, Etymology: From Latin attenuatus (thin, slender), refering to the body shape. Diagnosis: The male is characterised by the structure of the palpal organs, particularly by a small acute process at the base of the cymbium on the retrolateral side (Figs 13 15). The female has a characteristic epigyne with two nearly transverse oval depressions and large primary spermathecae (Figs 17 19). Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length / , height 0.8/ Eye field: length / , anterior width / , posterior width / Abdomen: length / , width / Male. General appearance as in Figs 8, 9. Ant-like spider with elongate body. Carapace with shallow constriction, slightly higher in cephalic part; surface with punctured sculpture; carapace dark brown with black eye field; covered in thin long colourless hairs, with scattered white scales among them and long bristles near eyes; two long trichobothria in constriction. Chelicerae long, brown; promargin toothless, retromargin with four teeth, fang long (Fig. 12). Endites, labium and sternum dark brown. Abdomen elon gate, black, Figs Digital microscope photographs of the dorsal (8, 10, 11) and lateral (9) habitus of jumping spiders from Lesotho: (8 10) Belippo attentuata sp. n., (8, 9) and (10); (11) Dendryphantes acutus sp. n.,.

6 234 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 dorsum covered with two scuta separated by fissure; dorsum clothed in long fine hairs, with white scales on anterior half (Figs 8, 9). Venter and spinnerets black. Legs slender; legs I and II with dark brown femora, distal segments lighter, with dark streaks on sides, tarsi yellowish; legs III and IV dark brown, only tarsi yellowish. Four pairs of long ventral spines on tibiae I and two pairs on metatarsi. Pedipalps as in Figs 13 15, with a characteristic tooth-like process on retrolateral edge of cymbium at base. Female. General appearance as in Fig. 10. Similar to male, abdomen without scuta. Chelicerae not elongated, with 4 6 slightly separated promarginal teeth and five contiguous teeth on retromargin (Fig. 16). Palps flattened. Epigyne with two nearly transverse oval grooves anteriorly and two rounded light areas in posterior part (Figs 17, 18); seminal ducts membranous, forming loop laterally; primary spermathecae large, thick-walled (Fig. 19). Holotype: Qacha s Nek district: Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1830 m, leaf litter, Eucalyptus tree, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3012). Paratypes: 2 Same data as holotype (NCA 2013/3013). Maseru district: 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 2060 m, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3018). Qacha s Nek district: 2 Near Maghoareng village, 30 03'S 28 53'E, 2200 m, under rocks on mountainside, 6.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3015); 2 Sehlabathebe National Park, 29 53'S 29 07'E, 2500 m, under rocks, sandstone mountain, 9.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3017). Quthing district: 1 Ha Limapa, 30 11'S 28 17'E, 2100 m, grasses along river bank, 13.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3016); 1 4 Letšeng-la-Letsie, 30 19'S 28 10'E, 2360 m, under rocks along lakeside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3014). Distribution: Known only from southern and central Lesotho (Fig. 48). Dendryphantes acutus sp. n. Figs 11, Etymology: From Latin acutus (sharp), referring to the pointed embolus of the spec ies. Diagnosis: The species is related to D. rafalskii Wesołowska, 1999, but differs in the abdominal pattern (D. rafalskii is lighter, with several well-defined black patches see fig. 52 in Wesołowska & Haddad 2013). The embolus of D. acutus is straight, clearly longer than in D. rafalskii, and without an additional structure at its base (compare Fig. 20 with fig. 5 in Wesołowska 1999a). The structure of the epigyne superficially resem bles that of D. purcelli Peckham & Peckham, 1903, but may by distinguished by the distinct accessory glands and two-chambered spermathecae, while weakly sclerotised and single, respectively, in D. purcelli (compare Fig. 23 with fig. 27 in Haddad & Wesołowska 2011). Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length /1.8, width /1.4, height 0.8/0.7. Eye field: length /0.7, anterior width /1.1, posterior width /1.2. Abdomen: length /2.5, width 1.4/1.6. Male. General appearance as in Fig. 11. Carapace oval, flat, brown, with lighter eye field including translucent internal guanine crystals; eyes surrounded by black rings. Thoracic part covered with greyish white hairs, especially dense on slopes, with long brown bristles near eyes. Fovea elongate, clearly visible; clypeus low, covered with greyish hairs. Chelicerae dark brown. Labium and endites brown, with light margins; sternum

7 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 235 Figs Belippo attenuata sp. n., paratype (12 15) and paratypes (16 19): (12, 16) chelicera, retromarginal view; (13) palpal organ, ventral view; (14) same, retrolateral view; (15) same, dorsal view; (17, 18) epigynes, ventral view; (19) internal structure of epigyne.

8 236 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 brownish. Abdomen oval, brownish, anterior edge light, whitish bands along sides, with yellowish patches on dorsum (Fig. 11); abdomen densely covered in colourless and brown hairs. Venter yellowish, with wide grey streak; spinnerets dark. First pair of legs longer and darker than others, clothed in long greyish hairs, with three pairs of spines on ventral surface of tibiae and two on metatarsi. Legs II IV yellow. Femora of all legs with blackish band medially. Leg hairs dense, greyish and brown. Pedipalps as in Figs 20, 21; tibia short, with small bent retrolateral apophysis; embolus relatively long, straight, directed distally. Female. Similar to male, slightly lighter in colour. Light spots on abdomen larger, composed of translucent guanine crystals. Legs lighter than in male, but dark rings on femora present. Epigyne as in Fig. 22; copulatory openings hidden beneath sclerotized recurved ridges; accessory glands lead into seminal ducts; receptacles two-chambered, first chamber almost spherical (Fig. 23). Holotype: Quthing district: Letšeng-la-Letsie, 30 19'S 28 10'E, 2360 m, sweeps along lakeside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3019). Paratypes: 1 1 Same data as holotype (NCA 2013/3020). Distribution: Only known from the type locality in southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Dendryphantes purcelli Peckham & Peckham, 1903 Dendryphantes purcellii: Peckham & Peckham 1903: 206, pl. 24. fig. 11. Dendryphantes purcelli: Clark & Benoit 1977: 101, fig. 44; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 60, figs 9, 10, Haddad and Wesołowska (2011) described both sexes. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 Mohale Dam, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, under rocks, 4.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3023); 1 Same locality, 15.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3024). Qacha s Nek district: 1 1 Ha Ramorake, Mosaqane River, 30 06'S 28 43'E, 1950 m, grasses along river bank, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3021). Quthing district: 1 1 Near Ha Liphapang village, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, under rocks near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3022). Distribution: Previously recorded from South Africa and St Helena Island. Recorded from three localities in southern and central Lesotho (Fig. 48). Euophrys gracilis Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 Euophrys gracilis: Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014: 18, figs Wesołowska et al. (2014) described both sexes. Material examined: Quthing district: 1 (holotype) 1 (paratype) Ha Liphapang village, 30 28'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, leaf litter, poplar forest near stream, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3412); 1 (paratype) Near Ha Frans village, 30 33'S 28 01'E, 1800 m, leaf litter, poplar forest on hillside, 16.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3413). Distribution: Only known from two localities in southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Also recorded from the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa (Wesołowska et al. 2014). Euophrys maseruensis Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith, 2014 Euophrys maseruensis: Wesołowska, Azarkina & Russell-Smith 2014: 23, figs Wesołowska et al. (2014) described the male; female unknown. Material examined: Maseru District: 1 (holotype) Molimo Nhtuse, 29 26'S 27 57'E, on dry boulder in stream near lodge, 15.iv.1977, leg. A. Russell-Smith (BMNH). Distribution: Only known the type locality in western Lesotho (Fig. 48).

9 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 237 Figs Dendryphantes acutus sp. n., paratype (20, 21) and paratype (22, 23): (20) palpal organ, ventral view; (21) same, retrolateral view; (22) epigyne, ventral view; (23) internal structure of epigyne. Heliophanus (Heliophanus) capicola Simon, 1901 Figs 24, 25 Heliophanus capicola Simon, 1901a: 52, fig. 1; Wesołowska 1986: 225, figs Wesołowska (1986) described both sexes. Diagnosis: The female of H. capicola can be recognised from congeners by the laterally placed copulatory openings and the sharply bending seminal ducts, leading to the oval median spermathecae (Figs 24, 25). The male (not treated here) is characterised by the spike-like embolus and the presence of a retrolateral-distally directed small lobe of the bulb (see Wesołowska 1986: fig. 807).

10 238 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Figs 24, 25. Heliophanus capicola, : (24) epigyne, ventral view; (25) internal structure of epigyne. Description: Female. Measurements: Cephalothorax: length , width , height 0.8. Eye field: length , anterior width , posterior width Abdomen: length , width Body very dark, almost black, with metallic lustre; some specimens with traces of light line along anterior edge of abdomen and pair of round spots on dorsum posteriorly. Venter dark. Legs blackish, only tarsi slightly lighter. Epigyne with two large oval depressions (Fig. 24); internal structure as in Fig. 25. Material examined: Maseru district: 11 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, under rocks, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3025). Distribution: Hitherto known only from South Africa. Recorded from a single locality in central Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Helafricanus) debilis Simon, 1901 Heliophanus debilis Simon, 1901a: 59, fig. 12; Wesołowska 1986: 21, figs ; Wesołowska & Russell- Smith 2000: 36; Wesołowska & Cumming 2008: 182; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 43, figs 73 75; Wesołowska & Cumming 2011: 78; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 71. Wesołowska (1986) described both sexes. Material examined: Thaba-Tseka district: 1 2 Mohale Dam, Ha Korporale, 29 25'S 28 07'E, 2270 m, under rocks, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3026). Distribution: A species widely distributed in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Recorded from a single locality in central Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Helafricanus) demonstrativus Wesołowska, 1986 Heliophanus demonstrativus Wesołowska, 1986: 19, figs ; Wesołowska 1999a: 153; Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2000: 36, figs 69 70; Wesołowska 2003: 261, figs Wesołowska (2003) described both sexes. Material examined: Qacha s Nek district: 3 3 Ha Mphahama, 30 06'S 28 35'E, 1850 m, on sandstone walls along Seketeng River, 9.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3027). Distribution: Species known from Tanzania, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Recorded from a single locality in south-eastern Lesotho (Fig. 48).

11 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 239 Figs Digital microscope photographs of the dorsal (26 31, 33) and dorsolateral (32) habitus of Heliophanus spp. from Lesotho: (26, 27) H. furvus sp. n., (26) and (27); (28, 29) H. maluti sp. n., (28) and (29); (30, 31) H. patellaris, (30) and (31); (32) H. proszynskii, ; (33) H. sororius,. Heliophanus (Helafricanus) furvus sp. n. Figs 26, 27, Etymology: From Latin furvus (black, dark), referring to the dark coloration of this species. Diagnosis: The male is recognised from other members of the subgenus by the structure of the palp: the embolus is placed below the tip of bulb (Fig. 34), while situated at the tip in other species, e.g. H. transversus sp. n. (Fig. 62). The epigynal structure is typical for the subgenus Helafricanus, but the epigyne is quite weakly sclerotized compared to related species, with the copulatory openings placed laterally. Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length 1.9/ , width 1.4/1.6, height 0.8/0.9. Eye field: length 0.8/0.9, anterior width 1.1/1.3, posterior width 1.2/1.4. Abdomen: length 2.3/ , width 1.5/1.7. Male. General appearance as in Fig. 26. Body black with metallic lustre, eye field delicately pitted; narrow median white line on carapace and abdomen, and similar lines along sides of body; eye field with a few brown bristles. Mouthparts and sternum dark brown. Venter of abdomen dark grey with faint three lighter bands; spinnerets blackish. Legs

12 240 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Figs Heliophanus furvus sp. n., paratype (34 38) and paratype (39, 40): (34) palpal organ, ventral view; (35) same, retrolateral-ventral view; (36) same, retrolateral view; (37) same, dorsal view; (38) palpal femur, retrolateral view; (39) epigyne, ventral view; (40) internal structure of epigyne. dark yellow, femora of first pair with black lateral surfaces. Pedipalps black. Palpal organ as in Figs 34 38; patellar apophysis long, dorsal tibial apophysis pointed; base of embolus located prolaterally, below tip of bulb; embolus turned on bulb, perpendicular to longitudinal axis of palp, slightly curved (Fig. 34); palpal femur with small protuberance on ventral surface (Fig. 38). Female. General appearance as in Fig. 27. Coloration similar to male, with grey hairs on carapace, denser on anterior part of eye field, forming small patches between eyes of first row. Legs yellow with brown markings, or uniformly brown. Epigyne as in Fig. 39, with small procurved lateral posterior copulatory openings; internal structure typical for members of subgenus Helafricanus, with converging seminal ducts and spermathecae; atria without strong sclerotization (Fig. 40). Holotype: Quthing district: Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 10'S 28 14'E, 2100 m, under rocks near Qhoali River, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3028). Paratypes: 6 Same data as holotype (NCA 2013/3029). Quthing district: 1 Near Ha Frans village, 30 33'S 28 01'E, 1800 m, leaf litter, poplar forest on hillside, 16.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3030).

13 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 241 Distribution: Known only from two localities in southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Helafricanus) hastatus Wesołowska, 1986 Heliophanus hastatus Wesołowska, 1986: 24, figs ; Wesołowska 2003: 263, figs 43 48; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 72. Wesołowska (2003) described both sexes. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 4 Mohale Dam, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 4.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3033). Quthing district: 1 Near Ha Frans village, 30 33'S 28 01'E, 1800 m, leaf litter, poplar forest on hillside, 16.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3031); 3 3 Near Ha Liphapang village, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m,under rocks near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3032). Distribution: Previously known only from South Africa. Recorded from three localities in central and southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Heliocapensis) maluti sp. n. Figs 28, 29, Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition of the Maluti Mountains that dominate the topography of Lesotho. Diagnosis: This species is similar to H. charlesi Wesołowska, 2003 from South Africa. The male is easily separable by the larger tibial apophyses of the palp, but the female is difficult to recognise, but has longer accessory glands. Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length / , width / , height /0.7. Eye field: length / , anterior width / , posterior width / Abdomen: length / , width / Male. General appearance as in Fig. 28. Carapace dark brown with metallic lustre, eye field black, delicately pitted. Faint colourless hairs cover carapace, with some long bristles near eyes. Mouthparts and sternum dark. Abdomen black, clothed in delicate shiny hairs; anterior edge of abdomen with narrow white line, with traces of a pair of light spots at centre and second submarginal pair near posterior of abdomen. Venter dark grey. Spinnerets black. Legs dark brown to black, with some white hairs on femora I and II. Pedipalps dark, white scales forming a narrow band on dorsal surfaces of palpal patella, tibia and cymbium (Fig. 43). Bulb triangular, embolus very short; palpal tibia with two apophyses, one laterally and the other ventrally directed (Figs 41 43). Female. General appearance as in Fig. 29, similar to male. Some white hairs on slopes of carapace. Abdominal pattern composed of white band at anterior margin and two pairs of transverse spots, in some specimens joined to form bands (Fig. 29); abdominal pattern variable due to white hairs often rubbing off. Legs dark, pedipalps yellowish orange. Epigyne oval, with V-shaped posterior margin and two large shallow rounded depressions (Figs 44, 45); internal structure as in Figs 46, 47. Holotype: Maseru district: Bushman s Pass, near Ha Ralitseko, 29 26'S 27 52'E, 2435 m, montane grassland, 9.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3044).

14 242 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Paratypes: 2 9 Same data as holotype (NCA 2013/3045). Leribe district: 1 subadult. 1 Bokong Nature Reserve, 29 06'S 28 26'E, 1890 m, under rocks, 10.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3051). Maseru district: 3 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3052); 2 4 Same locality, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3053). Qacha s Nek district: 1 Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1800 m, sweep-netting, weedy vegetation, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3047); 1 Sehlabathebe National Park, 29 53'S 29 07'E, 2500 m, under rocks, sandstone mountain, 9.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3046). Quthing district: 1 9 Ha Lazaro, 30 18'S 28 08'E, 2355 m, under rocks on hillside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3048); 1 8 Letšeng-la-Letsie, 30 19'S 28 10'E, 2360 m, under rocks along lakeside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3049); 1 4 Same data (MRAC); 1 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 09'S 28 14'E, 2120 m, under rocks near Qhoali River, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3050). Distribution: Widespread in central and southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Helafricanus) modicus Peckham & Peckham, 1903 Heliophanus modicus Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 193, pl. 20, fig. 2; Wesołowska 1986: 25, figs ; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 72, figs 41, 42. Wesołowska (1986) described both sexes. Material examined: Maseru district: 3 Bushman s Pass, Near Ha Ralitseko, 29 26'S 27 52'E, 2435 m, under rocks, montane grassland, 9.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3056); 2 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3059); 1 Same locality, 15.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3058). Qacha s Nek district: 2 Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1800 m, sweeps, weedy vegetation, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3057). Quthing district: 2 2 Ha Liphapang village, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, sweeps near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3055); 3 2 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 10'S 28 14'E, 2100 m, maize field, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3054). Thaba-Tseka district: 1 10 Mohale Dam, Ha Korporale, 29 25'S 28 07'E, 2270 m, under rocks, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3060). Distribution: A species previously known from South Africa and Madagascar. Widespread in central and southern Lesotho (Fig. 48). Heliophanus (Helafricanus) patellaris Simon, 1901 Figs 30, 31, Heliophanus patellaris Simon, 1901a: 58, fig. 11; Wesołowska 1986: 22, figs Diagnosis: The male can be recognised by the shape of the dorsal tibial apophysis, which extends past the base of the cymbium (Fig. 51), and the female by the small posterior copulatory openings with seminal ducts converging anteriorly (Figs 54, 55). Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length 2.0/ , width 1.6/ , height 0.7/1.0. Eye field: length 0.9/ , anterior width 2.0/2.0, posterior width 2.1/2.1. Abdomen: length 2.2/ , width 1.2/ Male. General appearance as in Fig. 30. Body black with metallic lustre, with narrow median white stripe along carapace and abdomen, and narrow white lines along lateral margins of carapace. Mouthparts and venter dark brown. Legs light brown, only femora and tibiae I with black lateral sides. Pedipalps black, relatively large; patellar apophysis short and broad, with sharp tip (Figs 49 51), dorsal tibial apophysis characteristically rectangular in shape, with blunt tip (Fig. 51). Female. General appearance as in Fig. 31. Body dark, hairy; light hairs form narrow median streak on carapace and two small spots between median and lateral anterior eyes; several long dark bristles near eyes. Sternum dark brown, mouthparts with lighter tips.

15 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 243 Figs Heliophanus maluti sp. n., paratype (41 43) and paratypes (44 47): (41) palpal organ, ventral view; (42) same, retrolateral view; (43) same, dorsal view; (44, 45) epigynes, ventral view; (46, 47) internal structure of epigynes. Abdomen blackish brown, clothed in grey and brown hairs; faint pattern on abdomen composed of five or six pairs of greyish spots. Venter grey. Legs light brown with dark rings. Epigyne with two shallow rounded depressions posteriorly (Figs 52, 53); internal structure as in Figs 54, 55.

16 244 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Fig. 48. Distribution of Salticidae from Lesotho. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3068). Qacha s Nek district: 2 Ha Sepechele, 29 58'S 28 52'E, 2430 m, under rocks in grassland, 7.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3066); 3 Near Ha Mphahama, 30 06'S 28 35'E, 1850 m, on sandstone walls along Seketeng River, 9.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3062); 2 3 Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1800 m, sweeps, weedy vegetation, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3061). Quthing district: 2 Ha Limapa, 30 11'S 28 17'E, 2100 m, grasses along river bank, 13.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3063); 11 Same locality, under rocks, grassland, 13.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3064); 1 Ha Liphapang, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, leaf litter, poplar forest near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3067); 3 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 10'S 28 14'E, 2100 m, maize field, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3065). Distribution: Previously known from the southern parts of South Africa. A common species in central and southern Lesotho (Fig. 93).

17 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 245 Figs Heliophanus patellaris, (49 51) and (52 55): (49) palpal organ, ventral view; (50) same, retrolateral view; (51) same, dorsal view; (52, 53) epigynes, ventral view; (54, 55) internal structure of epigynes. Heliophanus (Helafricanus) proszynskii Wesołowska, 2003 Figs 32, Heliophanus proszynskii Wesołowska, 2003: 282, figs ; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 74. Diagnosis: A distinctive species in the subgenus; the male slightly resembles H. xanthopes Wesołowska, 2003, but can be recognised by the clearly larger patellar apo physis

18 246 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 and the shape of the dorsal tibial apophysis, which is longer and truncated at its end (compare Fig. 59 with fig. 141 in Wesołowska 2003). The female has characteristic round ridges surrounding the copulatory openings, which are separated by half their diameter (Fig. 60). Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length / , width / , height 0.5/ Eye field: length / , anterior width / , posterior width / Abdomen: length / , width / Male. General appearance as in Fig. 32. Carapace dark brown, eye field black with metallic lustre, delicately pitted; lateral margins of carapace with narrow light lines composed of white hairs; some white hairs between anterior eyes. Mouthparts dark, only tips of endites lighter. Abdomen black, with thin median and lateral white lines (Fig. 32); venter grey, with two lighter bands. Spinnerets black. Legs dark yellow, first pair light brown. Palpal organ as in Figs 56 59; patellar apophysis long, only partially sclerotized on inner side. Female. Similar to male, slightly lighter in colour, venter of body yellowish; dorsum of carapace and abdomen densely covered in greyish hairs. Abdomen black or with ill-defined lighter median stripe composed of fused spots. Epigyne with two deep round depressions (Fig. 60), in majority of specimens plugged with waxy secretion; internal structure as in Fig. 61. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 4 Bushman s Pass, near Ha Ralitseko, 29 26'S 27 52'E, 2435 m, under rocks, montane grassland, 9.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3069); 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 4.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3074); 1 Same locality, under rocks, 1 male, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3072); 3 21 Same locality, sweep-netting, grassland, 15.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3073). Quthing district: 1 imm. 1 Ha Lazaro, 30 18'S 28 08'E, 2355 m, under rocks on hillside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3070); 1 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 10'S 28 14'E, 2100 m, under rocks near Qhoali River, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3071). Thaba-Tseka district: 1 Mohale Dam, Ha Korporale, 29 25'S 28 07'E, 2270 m, under rocks, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3075). Distribution: Hitherto a species known from South Africa. Widespread in central and southern Lesotho (Fig. 93). Heliophanus (Heliophanus) sororius Wesołowska, 2003 Fig. 33 Heliophanus sororius Wesołowska, 2003: 286, figs Wesołowska (2003) described both sexes. Diagnosis: This species is related to H. gladiator Wesołowska, 1986 from Kenya and Malawi, but the male can be recognised by the presence of an anterior lobe of the palpal bulb (compare fig. 122 in Wesołowska 2003 and fig. 434 in Wesołowska 1986). Description: Male. Measurements: Cephalothorax: length 1.6, width 1.4, height 0.5. Eye field: length 0.6, anterior width 1.0, posterior width 1.1. Abdomen: length 1.5, width 1.2.

19 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 247 Figs Heliophanus proszynskii, (56 59) and (60, 61): (56) palpal organ, ventral view; (57) same, retrolateral-ventral view; (58) same, retrolateral view; (59) same, dorsal view; (60) epigyne, ventral view; (61) internal structure of epigyne. Small black spider; lateral margins of carapace with narrow lines composed of white hairs. Abdomen with narrow white band on anterior margin, extending to sides; three pairs of small round patches on dorsum and two pairs placed submarginally, all very poorly contrasted; venter dark. Legs dark brown. Palpal tibia with two narrow sharp retrolateral apophyses; bulb nearly oval, with simple short claw-like embolus placed distally; palpal femur with ventrally protruding bifid apophysis (Wesołowska 2003: figs ). Material examined: Quthing district: 1 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 09'S 28 14'E, 2120 m, under rocks near Qhoali River, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3076). Remark: This specimen differs from the holotype (which is uniformly dark) by the presence of a vague white pattern on the abdomen and light lateral lines on the carapace sides (Fig. 33). Distribution: Previously known only from the type locality in the eastern Free State Province of South Africa. Recorded here from a single locality in southern Lesotho (Fig. 93).

20 248 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Heliophanus (Helafricanus) transversus sp. n. Figs Etymology: The specific name refers to the orientation of the male palpal embolus, transverse to the palpal axis. Figs Heliophanus transversus sp. n., paratype (62 65): (62) palpal organ, ventral view; (63) same, retrolateral-ventral view; (64) same, retrolateral view; (65) same, dorsal view.

21 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 249 Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus by the structure of the copulatory organs: the male palp has a characteristic embolus that is orientated transverse to the longitudinal axis of the palp, while the female differs by the relatively longer seminal ducts. Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length 1.8/ , width 1.4/ , height 0.6/ Eye field: length 0.8/ , anterior width 1.1/ , posterior width 1.2/ Abdomen: length 2.1/ , width 1.5/ Male. Colour of body dark brown or black, some specimens with white line on thoracic part; some bristles on eye field, a few white hairs between anterior median eyes. Mouthparts and sternum dark brown. White hairs form narrow median streak on carapace and abdomen, in some specimens merging with indistinct chevrons in posterior half of abdomen; lateral margins of thoracic part of carapace and abdomen with narrow light line. Venter yellowish-grey with broad darker band. Spinnerets black. Legs dark brown, first pair black. Pedipalps black; patellar apophysis short, light and weakly sclerotized, with notched distal margin (Figs 62 65); dorsal tibial apophysis long; ventral tibial apophysis with small spike at base (Figs 62 64); embolus strongly bent towards bulb, transverse to longitudinal axis of palp (Fig. 62). Figs Heliophanus transversus sp. n., paratypes (66 68): (66, 67) epigynes, ventral view; (68) internal structure of epigynes.

22 250 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Female. Larger than male; body dark brown, clothed in short dense grey hairs, with tufts of light hairs between anterior eyes. Legs yellow to light brown; pedipalps yellow, with darker spots at bases of segments. Epigyne with two rounded depressions, plugged with waxy secretion in numerous specimens; copulatory openings situated prolaterally beneath oblique sclerotized cup-like atria within depressions (Figs 66, 67); internal structure typical for members of the subgenus Helafricanus, with seminal ducts converging anteriorly, with small spermathecae (Fig. 68). Holotype: Quthing district: Near Ha Liphapang village, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, under rocks near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3034). Paratypes: 2 17 Same data as holotype (NCA 2013/3035); 1 2 Same data as holotype (MRAC). Maseru district: 2 1 subadult 3 Mohale Dam, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 4.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3039); 1 Mo hale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3040); 5 2 Same locality, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3041); 4 Same locality, sweep-netting grassland, 15.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3042); 1 5 Same locality, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3043); 2 1 Molimo Nthuse, 29 26'S 27 56'E, in litter by stream, 14.iv.1977, leg. A. Russell-Smith (BMNH). Quthing district: 4 20 Ha Lazaro, 30 18'S 28 08'E, 2355 m, under rocks on hillside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3036); 1 Letšeng-la-Letsie, 30 19'S 28 10'E, 2360 m, sweeps along lakeside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3038); 6 Near Ha Thlaku village, 30 10'S 28 14'E, 2100 m, under rocks near Qhoali River, 14.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3037). Distribution: Known only from southern and central Lesotho (Fig. 93). Langona lotzi Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 Langona lotzi Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011: 82, figs 66, 67, Haddad and Wesołowska (2011) described both sexes. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 Mohale Dam, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 4.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3077); 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3078); 1 Mohale Lodge, 29 28'S 28 03'E, 2210 m, under rocks, hillside, 18.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3079). Distribution: Previously known only from South Africa. Recorded here from central Lesotho (Fig. 93). Massagris mohale sp. n. Figs 69, 70, Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition of the type locality, the Mohale Dam in central Lesotho. Diagnosis: The male is distinctive in having a large, broad tape-like coiled embolus at the distal end of the bulb (Figs 76 79). The female is similar to M. contortuplicata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013, but differs in the structure of the epigyne, with the copulatory openings placed anteriorly, while situated posteriorly in M. contortuplicata (compare Fig. 81 with fig. 106 in Wesołowska & Haddad 2013). Description: Measurements ( / ): Cephalothorax: length / , width / , height 1.0/1.0. Eye field: length / , anterior width / , posterior width / Abdomen: length / , width / Male. General appearance as in Fig. 69. Carapace moderately high, sloping gently posteriorly; eye field large with eyes set on tubercles; fovea long, sulciform. Carapace brown, eye

23 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 251 Figs Digital microscope photographs of the dorsolateral (69) and dorsal (70 73) habitus of jumping spiders from Lesotho: (69, 70) Massagris mohale sp. n., (69) and (70); (71) Pellenes geniculatus, ; (72) Thyenula armata, ; (73) Thyenula sp.,. field lighter due to presence of translucent guanine crystals; eyes surrounded by black rings, except for anterior medians; anterior eyes encircled by small blackish scales, white hairs on slopes, long brown bristles near eyes. Clypeus low, brown, with a few white hairs. Labium and sternum brown; endites brownish with light tips. Chelicerae with three small teeth on promargin and large plate-shaped tooth on retromargin (Fig. 74). Abdomen smaller than carapace, oval, brown, with wide serrate median yellowish stripe (Fig. 69), clothed in colourless hairs, denser and longer at anterior edge. Venter blackish. Spinnerets brownish. Legs light brown with darker femora, leg hairs colourless; first pair longest; tibiae without spines, metatarsi with one pair of very short ventral spines (Fig. 75). Pedipalps rather large, brown; palpal tibia small, with long thin apophysis; bulb short and broad; embolus broad and tape-like, forming three coils on the bulb tip (Figs 76 79); cymbium narrow at base.

24 252 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Figs Massagris mohale sp. n., paratypes, (74 79) and (80, 81): (74) chelicera, retromarginal view; (75) leg I, prolateral view; (76) palpal organ, ventral view; (77) same, retrolateral view; (78) same, dorsal view; (79) embolus, apical view; (80) epigyne, ventral view; (81) internal structure of epigyne. Female. General appearance as in Fig. 70; similar to male, but lighter in colour. Carapace brown, with median yellowish streak and yellowish sides; anterior eyes surrounded by white scales. Sternum and mouthparts yellow. Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin and five diminutive teeth on retromargin. Abdomen greyish-brown, with yellow pattern composed of serrated median stripe and numerous patches and markings. Venter dark,

25 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 253 with three poorly defined light lines. Legs yellow. Epigyne weakly sclerotized, with large shallow depressions laterally (Fig. 80); copulatory openings curved and positioned anteriorly; internal structure as in Fig. 81, seminal ducts very long and narrow, forming several loops; spermathecae narrow and tubiform. Holotype: Maseru district: Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/ 3080). Paratypes: 1 Same locality as holotype, under rocks, 3.iii.2003 (NCA 2013/3081); 3 Same locality, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3082); 3 Same locality, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3083). Thaba-Tseka district: 1 Mohale Dam, Ha Korporale, 29 25'S 28 07'E, 2270 m, under rocks, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3084). Other material: Qacha s Nek district: 1 subadult Near Maghoareng village, 30 01'S 28 53'E, 2250 m, under rocks on mountainside, 6.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3085). Distribution: Known only from central and south-eastern Lesotho (Fig. 93). Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999 Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999b: 339, figs ; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 86, figs 71, 72. Wesołowska (1999b) described both sexes. Material examined: Maseru district: 1 Maseru, Maseru airport, 29 28'S 27 33'E, under stone, sandstone outcrop, 19.iv.1977, leg. A. Russell-Smith (BMNH); 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, under rocks, 13.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3088). Qacha s Nek district: 1 Near Maghoareng village, 30 03'S 28 53'E, 2200 m, under rocks on mountainside, 6.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3087); 1 Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1830 m, under bark, Eucalyptus tree, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3086). Distribution: A species previously known only from South Africa. Recorded here from three scattered localities in southern and central Lesotho (Fig. 93). Myrmarachne solitaria Peckham & Peckham, 1903 Figs Myrmarachne solitaria Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 250, plate 29, fig. 5; Wanless 1978: 75, fig. 46a l; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 65, figs Diagnosis: The species belongs to the formicaria-group (Wanless 1978). It is related to M. kiboschensis Lessert, 1925, M. leleupi Wanless, 1978 and M. uelensis Wanless, 1978, but the male may be easily distinguished from them by the lack of an apophysis on the cheliceral fang, while the female has relatively simpler looped spermathecae. Description: Measurements ( / ). Cephalothorax: length 1.9/2.0, height 0.7/0.6. Eye field: length 0.9/0.9, anterior width 1.0/1.0, posterior width 1.1/1.1. Abdomen: length 2.1/3.0, width 1.1/1.8. Male. Small, ant-like spider. Carapace higher in cephalic part, dark brown; eye field black with lustre, with reticulate puncturing; two trichobothria and a few white scales in furrow. Chelicerae long, fang without apophysis (Fig. 82). Sternum dark brown, labium with light tip, whitish streaks along endites. Abdomen dark brown, blackish posteriorly, with sparse white hairs in constriction; venter dark; posterior spinnerets dark, anteriors yellowish. Legs slender, brown, with darker lines along sides of patellae and tibiae, distal segments yellowish. Pedipalps dark; tibial apophysis small and only slightly curved; distal section of embolus passing over bulb (Figs 83, 84).

26 254 AFRICAN INVERTEBRATES, VOL. 55 (2), 2014 Figs Myrmarachne solitaria, (82 84) and (85, 86): (82) chelicera, retromarginal view; (83) palpal organ, ventral view; (84) same, retrolateral view; (85) epigyne, ventral view; (86) internal structure of epigyne. Female. Description in Wesołowska and Haddad (2009). Epigyne small, with single median pouch (Fig. 85); internal structure simple (Fig. 86). A large, granulate accessory gland leads into the seminal duct between its membranous and sclerotized parts (visible only in right spermatheca. A similar structure has previously only been observed once in salticids, in Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802) see Wesołowska and Tomasiewicz 2008). Material examined: Maseru district: 1 1 imm. Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, 2060 m, under rocks, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3089). Qacha s Nek district: 1 Near Maghoareng village, 30 03'S 28 53'E, 2200 m, under rocks on mountainside, 6.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3090). Quthing district: 1 Letšeng-la-Letsie, 30 19'S 28 10'E, 2360 m, under rocks along lakeside, 12.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3091). Distribution: Species previously known from South Africa. Recorded here from three isolated localities in southern and central Lesotho (Fig. 93).

27 WESOŁOWSKA & HADDAD: THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF LESOTHO 255 Natta chionogaster (Simon, 1901) Cyllobelus chionogaster Simon, 1901b: 151; Peckham & Peckham 1903: 195, pl. 21, fig. 1; Simon 1909: 419. Cyllobelus australis Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 194, pl. 21, fig. 2. Natta chionogastra: Prószyński 1985: 80, figs 39 41, 45, 47; Wesołowska 1993: 18, figs 1 16; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 89, figs 74, 75. Wesołowska (1993) described both sexes. Material examined: Butha-Buthe district: 1 Butha-Buthe, 28 46'S 28 14'E, 1780 m, under rocks, sandstone ridge, 14.xii.2012, leg. J. van Niekerk (NCA 2013/2355), 3 (NCA 2013/2372). Qacha s Nek district: 1 1 imm. Near Maghoareng village, 30 03'S 28 53'E, 2200 m, under rocks on mountainside, 6.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3092); 1 Sehlabathebe National Park, 29 53'S 29 07'E, 2940 m, under rocks, mountainside, 15.i.2013, leg. J. van Niekerk (NCA 2013/2381). Distribution: A species known from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia and South Africa. Recorded here from three localities in eastern Lesotho (Fig. 93). Natta horizontalis Karsch, 1879 Natta horizontalis Karsch, 1879: 362; Prószyński 1985: 78; figs ; Próchniewicz 1989: 218, figs 33 38; Wesołowska 1993: 25, figs 17 41; Wesołowska & Cumming 2008: 201, figs ; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 65; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 89, figs 102, 103. Cyllobelus rufopictus Simon, 1909: 420; Berland & Millot 1941: 320, fig. 22; Lawrence 1942: 187, fig. 32. Cylobellus tristellatus Simon, 1906: 1171; Lessert 1936: 289, fig. 84. Natta tristellata Prószyński, 1985: 83, figs Natta rufopicta Prószyński, 1985: 83, figs 46, 47. Wesołowska (1993) described both sexes. Material examined: Butha-Buthe district: 1 Valley near Butha-Buthe, 28 48'S 28 17'E, 1950 m, under rocks, grassland, 14.iii.2013, leg. J. van Niekerk (NCA 2013/3112). Maseru district: 1 Mohale Dam, Islands, 29 25'S 28 06'E, under rocks, 14.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3093); 2 Same locality, 16.xii.2003 (NCA 2013/3094). Quthing district: 1 Near Ha Liphapang village, 30 27'S 28 00'E, 1660 m, under rocks near Sebapela River, 15.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3095). Distribution: A species common in the Afrotropical Region. Recorded from scattered localities throughout Lesotho (Fig. 93). Pellenes (Pelmutus) bulawayoensis Wesołowska, 1999 Pellenes bulawayoensis Wesołowska, 1999a: 163, figs 52 56; Wesołowska & Cumming 2008: 202, figs ; Wesołowska & Haddad 2009: 68, figs 221, 222; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 93, figs 106, 107, Haddad and Wesołowska (2011) described both sexes. Material examined: Qacha s Nek district: 1 Qacha s Nek, 30 07'S 28 41'E, 1830 m, under bark, Eucalyptus tree, 8.xi.2003 (NCA 2013/3096). Distribution: Previously known from Zimbabwe and South Africa. Only recorded from a single locality in south-eastern Lesotho (Fig. 93).?Pellenes (Pelmutus) geniculatus (Simon, 1868) Figs 71, Attus geniculatus Simon, 1868: 49. Pellenes geniculatus: Simon 1876: 97; Logunov et al. 1999: 126, figs 5, ; Metzner 1999: 128, fig. 94; Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2000: 79, figs ; Wesołowska & van Harten 2007: 239, figs ; Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz 2008: 37; Wesołowska & van Harten 2010: 43, pls 13 16, figs 44 51; Haddad & Wesołowska 2011: 95, figs 108, 109, Salticus simoni Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 329. Pellenes simoni: Proszyński 2003: 119: figs , 487, 488, ,