Parasites of Phasmida
|
|
- Clara Hicks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bedford's (1978) review of the phasmids gives the insect parasites of Phasmida as be longing to the families: Tachinidae, Ceratopogonidae, (Diptera); Eupelmidae, Chrysi didae and Cleptidae (Hymenoptera). In addition to the insects listed by Bedford, King (1867) noted the occurrence of 'Ichneumon fly larvae' in the adult females of Anisomorpha buprestoides (Stoll) and 'a minute species of Ichneumon fly, probably of the Chalci didae' in the ova of this species. Bedford's review also overlooked two papers which mention some of the non-insect parasites of phasmids, those by Henry (1937), and Casimer (1956). Ticks (Arachnida: Acarina) and Microsporidia (Protozoa: Cinidospora) are listed in Carlberg's (1986) review. Carlberg's reference to ticks is based on a photograph by Workman (1978) which shows mites of the genus Lepus on A. buprestoides. The only written references to mites are from Australia and the USA. The first occurred in Timema californica Scudder, an immature mite on the thorax (Henry, 1937). The second is the occurrence of red mites, Allidosoma froggatti (Oudemans), found on Podacanthus wilkinsoni Macleay (Casimer, 1956). The third is a brief mention of a 'possibly parasitic mite' on the tarsus of a nymph of Acrophylla sp. (Daniels 1987). Some confusion could arise due to the use of the common name 'stick-ticks' which has been used for the dipteran family Ceratopogonidae (eg. Wirth, 1971). The only parasitic worms recorded are those of the phylum Nematomorpha, which parasitize the nymphs and adults of Podacanthus wilkinsoni Macleay (Campbell and Hadlington, 1967), and one example of an adult female Timema callfornica Scudder which was parasitized by a nematode (Henry, 1937). The Entomologist (l), (1993) Parasites of Phasmida P. E. BRAGG, 8 Cornwall Avenue, Beeston Rylands, Nottingham NG9 1NL, UK. Keywords: Phasmida, Parasite, Ectoparasite, Endoparasite, Arachnida, Mite, Nematode, Mermithid, Acacus sarawacus, Asceles margaritatus, Carausius abbreviatus, C. sanguineoligatus, Dares ulula, Haaniella echinata, H. grayi, H. dehaani, H. saussurei, Hoploclonia gecko, Lonchodes jejunus, Sarawak, Sabah, Borneo. Introduction The occurrence of parasites in stick insects has been noted by a number of authors. There are undoubtedly numerous bacteria, viruses and fungi which parasitize the Phas mida, although few of these have been recorded (Bedford, 1976; Casimer, 1956; Tho mas & Poinar, 1973). Surprisingly there are also very few records of animals which are parasitic on the Phasmida. The vast majority of those recorded are insects of the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. This paper reports parasites in several species of phasmids from Borneo; there are no previous records of phasmid parasites from this area. Previous Records 37
2 P. E. Bragg Harman (1987) states that records of parasites of Phasmida are largely of Neotropical origin. There are however quite a number of records for the Australian region, including an attempt at biological control of phasmids using parasites in Fiji (Paine, 1968). There appear to be no records of parasites of Phasmida for the Oriental region; the closest record is for Ceratopogonidae on Buru Island (Edwards, 1926). New Records The following new records are the results of collections of phasmids made over four years in various parts of Borneo. The purpose of these collections was to try to establish the phasmids in culture, so live specimens were brought back to Britain. At the time of capture several specimens were found to have ectoparasites and subsequently several other specimens were found to be suffering from endoparasites. The first two collections, in 1988 and 1989, were restricted to Sarawak and little notice was taken of ectoparasites, the sole concern being to remove them in order to increase their chances of survival. In 1990 collections were made on Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah and at various locations in Sarawak. In 1991 a collection of phasmids was made as part of the University of Brunei DarussalamJRoyal Geographical Society Brunei Rainforest Project at Kuala Belalong in the Temburong district of Brunei; a collection was also made in Sarawak. During the 1990 and 1991 collections more notice was taken of the occurrence of parasites. A) Ectoparasites In 1989 ectoparasites were found on specimens of Haaniella grayi grayi (Westwood). Although not closely examined, they were apparently reddish-brown coloured mites which were found on the antennae and leg joints of the phasmids. They occurred on at least half of the 15 specimens collected near kampong Bengoh, 30 miles south east of Kuching. Affected specimens were found on two mountains in the area and also in the farmland at the kampong. The mites were found on both males and females, from third instar nymphs up to and including the adult stage. All affected specimens had several mites and one large female had about 20 mites. In 1990 and 1991 a number of infested specimens of H. g. grayi were collected on Mt. Serapi, Sarawak. In 1991, of 24 examined, all but one were found to be carrying brownish-red mites, the exception was a first instar nymph. The infested individuals included all sizes of insects from first instar to adult. At Poring Springs on Mt. Kinabalu in 1990, two out of four specimens of Haaniella echinala Redtenbacher were found to have several mites attached to the abdominal pits. A third infested specimen of this species was one of five found near Kapit, Sarawak, also in Not all of the specimens were closely examined in 1990 and it is likely that more than three ofthe specimens were infested. In 1991, at Kuala Belalong, Brunei, 21 specimens of this species were examined and all specimens, which included adults and first instar nymphs, were found to be infested. 38
3 Parasites of Phasmida In 1991 six specimens of Haanie//a saussurei Kirby were collected in Sarawak, one from Simunjan and five from the outskirts of Kuching; all were found to be carrying brown mites. Thirteen specimens of Haanie//a dehaani (Westwood) were collected on Mt. Serapi, Sarawak in 1991 and all were found to be carrying brown mites. On Mt. Serapi, Sarawak, in 1990, seven female and four males of Dares u/u/a (Westwood) were collected. One female was found with one red coloured mite on the upper surface of the abdomen. In August 1990 I accompanied Mr c.l. Chan of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah to Mt. Kinabalu Park Headquarters. Four nights were spent collecting phasmids in the area around the Headquarters. During this time about twenty specimens of a wingless form of Asce /es margaritatus Redtenbacher were found to be infested with small brown mites. r removed and preserved a number of these mites which affected about 50% of this species. The mites occurred on the thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae of the Phasmids. Most infested specimens had several mites and several specimens had more than ten mites on them. The mites affected adults and nymphs of both sexes. The mites on adult males were concentrated around the base of the rudimentary wings. Two other affected species of the sub-family Necrosciinae were also found near Kinabalu Park H.Q. One male Asce/es dorsa/is Redtenbacher had a single red coloured mite attached to the base of the fore wing, two females of the same species showed no signs of parasitism. A total of 11 Acacus sarawacus (Westwood) were collected near the Park H.Q.; one adult female was found to have a red mite on the upper surface of the abdomen. B) Endoparasites One adult female specimen of Lonchodes jejunus (Brunner), collected at Damai, Sarawak in December 1987, became listless within a day of arrival in Britain. The following day a mermithid larva was found in the cage. During the next few days the insect became more torpid and more mermithid larvae were found. The insect was found to be dead, having produced six worms over a period ofseven days. These worms were all off-white in colour, Imm diameter and in excess of 25cm long, the largest being 36cm. The insect has a body length of 15cm. The only other phasmid brought back alive from Damai was another adult female L. jejunus. This laid 59 eggs during the following three weeks and was then discovered dead with a single 30cm worm in the cage. Several eggs were hatched successfully and gave rise to a sexual culture. None of the second generation were affected by parasites. A single adult female Carausius abbreviatus (Brunner) was captured at Bengoh, Sarawak in July a few days later it was found almost dead on the bottom of its cage. Lying nearby was a living Mermithid larva approximately 20cm in length and Imm diameter. The in~ec[ and worm have been deposited in the Sarawak Museum, Kuching. In August 1990 at Mt. Kinabalu Park a female Carausius sanguineo/igatus (Brunner), one of fvur collected, was fuund dead two days after capture; in the cage a single living 39
4 P. E. Sragg mermithid larva was found. In August 1991, at Kuala Belalo:lg Brunei, one male, of the 21 specimens of H. echinata which were collected, died and produced a S4cm long mermithid larva a few days after being caught. In January 1988 a pair of Hoploclonia gecko (Westwood) were collected in at Bako National Park, Sarawak. In early March, twelve weeks after capture the female became listless, and approximately eight worms were found around the ovipositor and anus. These worms were between Imm and 2mm in length but they were not closely examined. They may have been nematodes or insect larvae but their size and general proportions suggests that they were probably insect larvae. The phasmids were being reared in a room which was unheated, apart from sufficient to keep the temperature from falling below S c. The low temperature and the fact that other cultures have never shown signs of similar infestations, suggests that these parasitic worms may have been of Sarawak origin. Discussion The endoparasites of L. jejunus, C. sanguineoligatus, C. abbreviatus and H. echinata appeared to be identical. The specimen from C. sanguineoligatus has been identified by Dr DJ. Gibson of the NHM, as a mermithid larva (Nematoda: Mermithidae). The emergence of the largest endoparasites so soon after capture suggests that the stress of travel, change in climate or change of the host's diet, may have caused the parasites to emerge early. If this were not the case I would have expected some further evidence of infestations in specimens which lived much longer. Specimens of L. jejunus lived for up to six months after capture and other species lived for up to one year, but all the worms were found within two weeks of capture and usually within a few days. As might have been expected, endoparasites occurred in the older phasmids, these having had longer to encounter a parasite. The rate of parisitism seems high; 19% of the 200 specimens from Mt. Serapi were found to be affected in During 1990 more attention was paid to the possibility of ectoparasites and the number of affected species which were noticed implies that some may have been overlooked at Bengoh in 1989 where at least S% of the 180 specimens were affected. However it should be noted that collections were made at ground level and therefore a disproportional number of Heteropteryginae were found. The Heteropteryginae are generally slow moving, ground dwelling insects and the freqency of parasitism in the more mobile subfamilies appears to be much lower. Many of the fully winged phasmids seem to live mainly in the canopy and are not frequently encountered; although I have collected over one hundred specimens only one has been parasitized, the male Asceles dorsalis from Sabah. In 1991 special attention was paid to specimens of Haaniella spp., the results strongly suggest that parasitism by mites is normal for this genus. This genus is essentially ground dwelling and therefore likely to be in frequent contact with mites in the leaf litter. 40
5 Parasites of Phasmida Sununary Parasitism of phasmids by mites and nematodes appears to be more widespread than is suggested by existing records. Parasites have been found in twelve species from Borneo which have not previously been recorded as hosts. Members of the genus Haaniella are usually infested by parasitic mites. Acknowledgements I wish to express thanks to Virginia Cheeseman (entomological livestock supplier) for providing the collapsable cages used during the 1989 and subsequent collections and to c.l. Chan for his hospitality during my 1990 visit. The 1991 expedition was partly supported by a grant from the Royal Entomological Society. References Bedford, G.O. (1976) Description and development of the eggs of two stick insects (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) from New Britain. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 15: Bedford, G.O. (1978) Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology, 23: Carlberg, U. (1986) Phasmida: A biological review (Insecta). Zoologisher Anzeiger, 216: Campbell, K. G. & Hadlington, P. (1967) The biology of the three species of phasmatids which occur in plague numbers in forests of south eastern Australia. Foresl1y Commission N.S. W. Research Note, No. 20, 38pp. Casimer, M. (1956) The Australian phasmids Podacanthus wilkinsoni Mad. and Didymuria violescens Leach. Bulletin ofthe Amateur Entomologist's Society, 15: 87-90, Daniels, J. (1987) Northern Queensland rainforest field observations. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 33: 9. Edwards, F.W. (1926) Fauna Burmana. Diptera, Suborder Nematocera. Treubia, 7: Harman, A. (1987) Some parasites of Phasmids - 'Stick-ticks' - Biting midges of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 33: 9. Henry, L.M. (1937) Biological notes on Timema californica Scudder (Phasmoidea: Timemidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology, 13(3): King, C.B. (1867) Untitled note, read at the Entomological Society of London members' meeting on March 4th Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,S: Paine, R. W. (1968) Investigations for the biological control in Fiji of the coconut stickinsect Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57:
6 P. E. Bragg Thomas, G.M. & Poinar, G.O. (1973) Report of diagnoses of diseased insects Hilgardia, 42: Wirth, W. W. (1971) A review of the 'Stick-ticks', neotropical biting midges of the Forcipomyia subgenus Microhelea parasitic on walking stick insects (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomological News, 82: Workman, R.B. (1978) Cover photograph: Walkingsticks (Anisomorpha buprestoides (Stoll» with four mites, Lepus sp., attached posterior to legs. Journal of Economic Entomology, 71(4): Front cover illustration. 42
Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne, 26 Royal Avenue, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 208, UK.
Br.dburn, R. (2005) Phasmid Studies, 13(1&2): \-10. - Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne, 26 Royal Avenue, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 208, UK. Abstract This paper describes a trip (Q six locations in Sabah,
More informationA new species of Phenacephorus from Kalimantan (Insecta: Phasmida: Heteronemiidae: Lonchodinae)
A new species of Phenacephorus from Kalimantan (Insecta: Phasmida: Heteronemiidae: Lonchodinae) P.E. Bragg Bragg, P.E. -A new species of Phenacephorus from Kalimantan (Insecta: Phasmida: Heteronemiidae:
More informationGrasshopper Field Guide for Alice Springs
CENTRAL AUSTRALIA Hosted by Low Ecological Services P/L Grasshopper Field Guide for Alice Springs They make the land come alive with every step, escorting you down the driveway in waves and clouds. They
More informationDiplurans. Classification Life History & Ecology Distribution. Major Families Fact File Hot Links
DIPLURA Diplurans The name Diplura, derived from the Greek words "diplo-" meaning two and "ura" meaning tails, refers to the large cerci at the rear of the abdomen. Classification Life History & Ecology
More informationA COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA
BIOTROPIA (2) 1988/1989: 32-37 A COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA L.A. DURDEN Department of Entomology, NHB 165, Museum Support Center Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
More informationGrasshopper Dissection
Grasshopper Dissection External Observation Locate the head, thorax, and abdomen. Observe the head. Locate the two compound eyes and the three simple eyes. 1. Why do you think grasshoppers have two types
More informationInsects Associated with Alfalfa Seed Production
Agdex 121/620-1 Insects Associated with Alfalfa Seed Production This field guide was prepared to enable growers of seed alfalfa to quickly identify their pest and beneficial insects. The important distinguishing
More informationMorphologic study of dog flea species by scanning electron microscopy
Scientia Parasitologica, 2006, 3-4, 77-81 Morphologic study of dog flea species by scanning electron microscopy NAGY Ágnes 1, L. BARBU TUDORAN 2, V. COZMA 1 1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
More informationInsect vectors. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version
Insect vectors Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version Biological vs mechanical transmission Mechanical Pathogen is picked up from a source and deposited on another location
More informationInsect Parasites of Sirex (This leaflet should be read in conjunction with No. 20 Sirex and No. 48 Nematode parasite of Sirex)
Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 47 Insect Parasites of Sirex (This leaflet should be read in conjunction with No. 20 Sirex and No. 48 Nematode parasite of Sirex) Based on M.J. Nuttall (1980)
More informationAq buggin we re BUGGIN
Aq we re buggin About Insects There are many different kinds of insects in the world. They live all over, except in really cold places. About Insects There are many different kinds of insects
More informationposterior part of the second segment may show a few white hairs
April, 1911.] New Species of Diptera of the Genus Erax. 307 NEW SPECIES OF DIPTERA OF THE GENUS ERAX. JAMES S. HINE. The various species of Asilinae known by the generic name Erax have been considered
More informationA review and key to the genus Phenacephorus Brunner (Insecta: Phasmida: Heteronemiidae: Lonchodinae), including the description of two new species
A review and key to the genus Phenacephorus Brunner (Insecta: Phasmida: Heteronemiidae: Lonchodinae), including the description of two new species P.E. Bragg Bragg, P.E. A review and key to the genus Phenacephorus
More informationKey words Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Lonchodinae, Lonchodes geniculosus, Malaysia, Myanmar, descriptions, erroneous synonym. Phasmid Studies, 11(2): 23
The identity of Lonchodes geniculosus (Westwood, 1848) - a Inistaken Lonchodinae from Malaysia and the description of the female (Phasmatodea: Phaslnatidae: Lonchodinae) Frank H. Hennemann, Herrnweg 34A,
More informationinsects Parasitoids versus parasites: What s the difference?
Queensland the Smart State insects Parasitoids: Natural enemies of helicoverpa Introduction Helicoverpa caterpillars (often called heliothis) are serious pests of many crops in Australia. A range of parasitoid
More informationPesky Ectoparasites. Insecta fleas, lice and flies. Acari- ticks and mites
Pesky Ectoparasites Parasite control should be at the forefront of every pet owner s life as all animals have the propensity to contract numerous ones at one stage or another. They are a challenge to the
More informationNOTES ON THE APHIDIDAE. (I.) Observations on a Semi-aquatic Aphid, Aphis aquaticus n. sp.
Jan., 1908.] Notes on the Aphididae. I. 243 NOTES ON THE APHIDIDAE. (I.) Observations on a Semi-aquatic Aphid, Aphis aquaticus n. sp. C. F. JACKSON. This species is a typical representative of the genus
More informationZOOTAXA. Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography PAUL D. BROCK & JACK HASENPUSCH
ZOOTAXA 1570 Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography PAUL D. BROCK & JACK HASENPUSCH Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand PAUL D. BROCK & JACK
More informationLeafhoppers in Manitoba; Biology, Behaviour and Potential for Vectoring Plant Diseases
Leafhoppers in Manitoba; Biology, Behaviour and Potential for Vectoring Plant Diseases Introduction John Gavloski, extension entomologist Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, Carman MB, R0G
More informationPhylum Arthropoda. Chapter 13 Part 2 of 3
Phylum Arthropoda Chapter 13 Part 2 of 3 Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed feet General Characteristics: Exoskeleton made of chitin present and must be molted when out grown, segmented body, Jointed appendages
More informationDuration of Attachment by Mites and Ticks on the Iguanid Lizards Sceloporus graciosus and Uta stansburiana
Duration of Attachment by Mites and Ticks on the Iguanid Lizards Sceloporus graciosus and Uta stansburiana Authors: Stephen R. Goldberg, and Charles R. Bursey Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 27(4)
More informationEcology of RMSF on Arizona Tribal Lands
Ecology of RMSF on Arizona Tribal Lands Tribal Vector Borne Disease Meeting M. L. Levin Ph.D. Medical Entomology Laboratory Centers for Disease Control mlevin@cdc.gov Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Disease
More informationThe Phasmid Study Group
The Phasmid Study Group C H A I R M A N : Judith Marshall. Dept. of Entomology, The N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m, C r o m w e l l Road, London SW7 5 B D. ( T e l : 0171 938 9344 ; F A X 0171
More informationWhat do we do when the butterfly larvae arrive? How can we tell how much the larvae have grown?
How do you raise a butterfly? How do we treat butterflies humanely? What do we do when the butterfly larvae arrive? What can we find out about the larvae? How can we tell how much the larvae have grown?
More informationNotes: Expository/Informational Text
Name: Notes: Expository/Informational Text What is it? It is informational text (text that gives information) that explains something to the reader. Expository and informational text are ALMOST the same
More informationBlack flying insect with orange stripe
Black flying insect with orange stripe Index of the various bugs, insects and spiders that can fly.. Banded Net-Winged Beetle The intricately textured wings of the orange and black Banded Net-winged Beetle
More informationFIRST AID IN ARACHNIDS A SUMMARY v1.1
FIRST AID IN ARACHNIDS A SUMMARY v1.1 MORE ON WWW.THERAPHOSIDAE.BE All rights reserved 2017 1 ACCIDENTS MOLTING ISSUES Keep track of the spider's behavior. Predict an upcoming molt. Never remove the spider
More informationInsects of Veterinary Importance
Laboratory 7 Pg. 1 LABORATORY 7 Insects of Veterinary Importance Introduction: Insects are six-legged arthropods that develop via simple or complete metamorphosis in a wide variety of ecological niches,
More informationAttachment sites of Allothrombium pulvinum larvae (Acari: Trombidiidae) ectoparasitic on aphid hosts
Systematic and Applied Acarology (1997) 2, 115-120 Attachment sites of Allothrombium pulvinum larvae (Acari: Trombidiidae) ectoparasitic on aphid hosts ZHI-QIANG ZHANG International Institute of Entomology,
More informationAn Example of Classification
Classification of Insects - Insects Orders (Older Students - 7th and up) Kingdom Animals Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Orders: Looking at 9 Orders of Insects: 1) Order Coleoptera Family Beetles 2) Order
More informationSurvey of Ectoparasite Populations Found On Poultry on Dominica. Amanda Bowman, Justin Bejcek and Christopher Tarrand
Survey of Ectoparasite Populations Found On Poultry on Dominica Amanda Bowman, Justin Bejcek and Christopher Tarrand Study Abroad Program, Dominica 2014 Dr. Jim Woolley, Dr. Thomas Lacher Department of
More informationSEASONAL CHANGES IN A POPULATION OF DESERT HARVESTMEN, TRACHYRHINUS MARMORATUS (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES), FROM WESTERN TEXAS
Reprinted from PSYCHE, Vol 99, No. 23, 1992 SEASONAL CHANGES IN A POPULATION OF DESERT HARVESTMEN, TRACHYRHINUS MARMORATUS (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES), FROM WESTERN TEXAS BY WILLIAM P. MACKAY l, CHE'REE AND
More informationBUG EGG GUIDE. Adult female (note the long, pointed, ovipositor) Actual size of eggs at our facility
BUG EGG GUIDE Giant Malaysian katydid (Macrolyristes corporalis): This species will generally oviposit their eggs below the surface of the soil, though they may occasionally lay them in the crevices of
More informationMy insect. Time: 2 hours
4 Teacher Discovery Card Time: 2 hours Information (suitable for 5-7 and 7-12 year olds) Children use information gathered from a variety of sources to design and make their own insect. This discovery
More informationNational Institute for Discovery Science Las Vegas, NV
Report of Unexplained Deaths of Three Cows and a Bull Calf Near Valparaiso, Nebraska, April 5 & 7, 2003: Veterinarian Necropsy Summary Report and Photographs National Institute for Discovery Science Las
More informationVol. XIV, No. 1, March, The Larva and Pupa of Brontispa namorikia Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) By S.
Vol. XIV, No. 1, March, 1950 167 The Larva and Pupa of Brontispa namorikia Maulik (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) By S. MAULIK BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) (Presented by Mr. Van Zwaluwenburg
More informationPeriplaneta americana (American Cockroach)
Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach) Order: Blattodea (Cockroaches) Class: Insecta (Insects) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. [http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/orthopt/periplaneta.htm,
More informationWhat do these strange words mean?
Bugs What do I need to start? How to draw them Drawing bugs takes practice, so don t expect to draw a perfect picture the first time. Use a notebook and write the date each time you draw to see how your
More informationFigure 1. Numerical Distribution of Named Animal Taxa.
Arthropod Review Sheet The Phylum Arthropoda is the largest and most diverse of all animal phyla (Fig 1). More than three quarters of the animals on earth are arthropods, and most of these are insects.
More informationFemales lay between 2 and 15 eggs 30 days after mating. These hatch after approximately 2 months. Deserts and scrublands in Southern Mexico
Young snakes eat slugs, earthworms and crickets. Adults eat mainly mice but also occasionally small lizards, birds and their eggs, frogs. Up to 12 years Deserts and scrublands in Southern Mexico Females
More informationPET POLICY HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF CHEYENNE
PET POLICY HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF CHEYENNE EXCLUSIONS Assistance or Companion animals that are needed as a reasonable accommodation for persons with disabilities are not considered pets, and
More informationGoing Buggy by Guy Belleranti
Your friend sees a beetle, spider or centipede moving along the ground getting closer... closer and screams, "Eeek! Look at that bug!" But what is a bug? How are beetles, spiders and centipedes alike?
More informationA Key to Identify Insect Orders in Michigan
I A Key to Identify Insect Orders in Michigan by Charlotte Dotson Mary- Jo Germain Amanda McCreless Renee Millard Sara Mitchell This is a dichotomous key developed to help you identify different insect
More information4. List 3 characteristics of all arthropods. a. b. c. 5. Name 3 main arthropod groups.
Arthropod Coloring Worksheet Arthropods (jointed appendages) are a group of invertebrate animals in the Kingdom Animalia. All arthropods have a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, a body divided into segments,
More informationWhat's behind the mysterious itchy bites in the Midwest?
September 24, 2004 No. 28 What's behind the mysterious itchy bites in the Midwest? The first media report on an outbreak of mysterious bites on people occurred about three weeks ago when football players
More informationBloodsuckers in the woods... Lyric Bartholomay Associate Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State University
Bloodsuckers in the woods... Lyric Bartholomay Associate Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State University Characteristics Adapted for ectoparasitism: Dorsoventrally flattened Protective exoskeleton
More informationSCORPION C A R E. P & K Pets Info Sheet #07 19 Magill Rd Stepney SA 5069 P: F:
P & K Pets SCORPION C A R E INTRODUCTION Scorpions are fascinating and ancient creatures which, regardless of their country of origin all share the same morphology (look the same) with the now famous curled
More information46 Skilton Road, Tilehurst, Reading, Berks, RG31 6SG.
Carcelia laxifrons Villeneuve (Tachinidae) new to Britain and a revised key to the British Carcelia species CHRIS M. RAPER, MATTHEW N. SMITH $ AND DAVID J. GIBBS * 46 Skilton Road, Tilehurst, Reading,
More informationNematoda. Round worms Feeding and Parasitism
Nematoda Round worms Feeding and Parasitism Nematoda Have pseudocoelom Live in many environments Parasitic Important decomposers Covered with cuticle Trichinella spiralis see fig 18.8B Nematode Diets and
More informationSo Many Insects! Part 1 Worksheet
Name Date So Many Insects! Part 1 Worksheet 1. Did you know that scientists predict there are anywhere from 6 to 10 million different species of insects around the world? Who knew there were so many insects?
More informationPET POLICY FOR SENIOR AND DISABLED PROPERTIES HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF CHEYENNE
PET POLICY FOR SENIOR AND DISABLED PROPERTIES HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF CHEYENNE EXCLUSIONS Assistance or Companion animals that are needed as a reasonable accommodation for persons with disabilities
More informationNote: The following article is used with permission of Dr. Sonia Altizer.
PROFESSIONAL BUTTERFLY FARMING PART I - By Nigel Venters (Contributing Author: Dr. Sonia Altizer) Note: The following article is used with permission of Dr. Sonia Altizer. Monarch Health Program, University
More informationMedical and Veterinary Entomology
Medical and Veterinary Entomology An eastern treehole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus, takes a blood meal. Urbana, Illinois, USA Alexander Wild Photography Problems associated with arthropods 1) Psychological
More informationThe Phasmid Study Group
The Phasmid Study Group C H A I R M A N : Judith Marshall. Ik-pL of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD. (Tel: 0171 938 9344 ; FAX 0171 938 8937) T R E A S U R E R / M
More informationHave you ever Met a Morphosis?
Have you ever Met a Morphosis? Concealed beneath a garden in a suburban back yard, a miracle is revealed. Experience the journey of a caterpillar as he undergoes nature s little miracle of complete metamorphosis
More informationIntroduction. Description. Mosquito
Introduction Mosquito There are about 82 species of mosquitoes in Canada and over 2,500 species throughout the world. The entire cycle from egg to adult of some Canadian species can take less than 10 days,
More informationLet s Learn About Insects!
Let s Learn About Insects! All photos and text by Kris H. Light Copyright 2008 All rights reserved What is the difference between an insect and a spider? Insects: have 3 body parts have 6 legs can have
More informationHexamermis glossinae spnov. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite of tse-tse flies in West Africa
I. ' NOTES Hexamermis glossinae spnov. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite of tse-tse flies in West Africa GEORGE O. POINAR, JR. Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley,
More informationThe Armyworm in New Brunswick
The Armyworm in New Brunswick Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) Synonym: Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) ISBN 978-1-4605-1679-9 Family: Noctuidae - Owlet moths and underwings Importance The armyworm attacks
More informationAUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Waterhouse, G. A., 1942. Notes on Australian butterflies in The Australian Museum. No.2. Records of the Australian Museum 21(2): 122 125. [8 July 1942]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.21.1942.266
More informationUsIng this guide Beneficial Insects
Beneficial Insects Using this Guide Beneficial Insects Beneficial insects have many roles in the environment, including in agricultural systems. Those we are most familiar with are pollinators, nutrient
More informationAnimal. ì<(sk$m)=bdhhdc< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U. Groups. Life Science. by Carol Levine. Scott Foresman Science 2.2
Life Science Animal Groups by Carol Levine Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Alike and Different Call Outs Glossary Vertebrates and Invertebrates Scott Foresman Science
More informationNEW SCENOPINIDAE (Diptera) FROM THE PACIFIC AREA 1
Pacific Insects 12 (1) : 39-48 20 May 1970 NEW SCENOPINIDAE (Diptera) FROM THE PACIFIC AREA 1 By Lewis P. Kelsey 2 I was privileged to examine material, housed in the collection of the Bishop Museum 3,
More informationLooking at insects: more keys
Looking at insects: more keys In this lesson, you will be looking at insects. This includes using a key to identify different kinds of insects as well as observing an insect in its environment. Some examples
More informationBreeding White Storks( Ciconia ciconia at Chessington World of Adventures Paul Wexler
Breeding White Storks(Ciconia ciconia) at Chessington World of Adventures Paul Wexler The White Stork belongs to the genus Ciconia of which there are seven other species incorporated predominantly throughout
More informationField Observation of the Giant Shield Bug in Singapore
Field Observation of the Giant Shield Bug in Singapore In a small urban city like Singapore, there are relatively few chances to observe live specimen of shield bug in the wild. Fortunately, there is one
More informationKey 1 Key to Insects Orders
Key 1 Key to Insects Orders Notes: This key covers insect orders commonly and occasionally observed. However, it does not include all orders. Key #1 is similar, but easier, being limited to insect orders
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016, 4024 4028 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) Case Report A CASE OF NASAL MYIASIS DUE TO OESTRUS OVIS (NASAL BOT FLY) IN A
More informationBlack Garden Ant 5A-1
Black Garden Ant 5A-1 Hi there, everybody. Because I m one of the most common insects on the planet, I m sure you know that I m an ant. But, did you realize how much my cousins and I look like a wasp?
More informationHow To Recognize. This online guide was created by Bob Childs to help people recognize the Asian Longhorned Beetle.
This online guide was created by Bob Childs to help people recognize the. This slide show will automatically advance every 10 seconds. You may click forward or back simply by mouse clicking on a the slide,
More informationTop Ten Grape Insect Pests in Nebraska Chelsey M. Wasem and Frederick P. Baxendale Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Apple Twig Borer Top Ten Grape Insect Pests in Nebraska Chelsey M. Wasem and Frederick P. Baxendale Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Insect Identification: Adults (beetles) are
More informationEC Cattle Grub Control in Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska- Lincoln Extension Extension 1971 EC71-1528 Cattle Grub Control in Nebraska
More informationROACHES (แมลงสาบ) # Active and nocturnal insects. # Produce a characteristic offensive adour (scent gland) # Discharge feces & vomit along the way
ROACHES (แมลงสาบ) # Active and nocturnal insects # Produce a characteristic offensive adour (scent gland) # Discharge feces & vomit along the way # Potential mechanical vectors of pathogens 1 Class Insecta
More informationComparing Life Cycles
Image from Wikimedia Commons Pre-Visit Activity Grade Two Comparing Life Cycles Specific Learning Outcomes 2-1-01: Use appropriate vocabulary related to the investigations of growth and changes in animals.
More informationUNIT: INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 1º ESO BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY
UNIT: INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 1º ESO BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY 2015/2016 What do they have in common? What are their differences? What is the theme for the next unit? Vertebrates and Invertebrates 1 Label the animals
More informationAlligators. very long tail, and a head with very powerful jaws.
Reptiles Reptiles are one group of animals. There are two special features that make an animal a reptile. Those two features are bodies covered in scales and having a cold-blooded body. Adult reptiles
More informationNESTING ACTIVITY AND LARVAL DESCRIPTION OF TRYPOXYLON (TRYPOXYLON) BICOLOR SMITH (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) IN HAWAII
Pacific Insects () : November 0, 9 NESTING ACTIVITY AND LARVAL DESCRIPTION OF TRYPOXYLON (TRYPOXYLON) BICOLOR SMITH (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) IN HAWAII By Carl M. Yoshimoto BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU, HAWAII
More informationNew species of egg parasites from the Oil Palm Stick Insect (Eurycantha insularis)... 19
JHR 30: 19 28 (2013) New species of egg parasites from the Oil Palm Stick Insect (Eurycantha insularis)... 19 doi: 10.3897/JHR.30.4010 www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr Research article New species of egg parasites
More informationWhat are Ticks? 4/22/15. Typical Hard Tick Life Cycle. Ticks of the Southeast The Big Five and Their Management
Ticks of the Southeast The Big Five and Their Management LT Jeff Hertz, MSC, USN PhD Student, Entomology and Nematology Dept., University of Florida What are Ticks? Ticks are MITES.really, really ig mites.
More informationpronunciation Summary Article: Termites from DK Eyewitness Books: Insect
Topic Page: Termites Definition: termite from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary pronunciation (1781) : any of numerous pale-colored soft-bodied social insects (order Isoptera) that live in colonies
More informationAedes Wtegomyial eretinus Edwards 1921
Mosquito Systematics Vol. 14(Z) 1982 81 Aedes Wtegomyial eretinus Edwards 1921 (Diptera: Culicidae) John Lane Department of Entomology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London
More informationPest Solutions. A Strategy for Flea Control
Pest Solutions A Strategy for Flea Control A Strategy for Flea Control Fleas are a continuing problem in public health and cases of incomplete control following insecticide treatment are occasionally reported
More informationLife history traits of cockroaches in sugar-cane fields in La Réunion (Blattodae : Blattellidae and Blaberidae)
Life history traits of cockroaches in sugar-cane fields in La Réunion (Blattodae : Blattellidae and Blaberidae) Stéphane BOYER & Colette RIVAULT Publié dans Oriental Insects 38: 373-388 (2004) 49 ABSTRACT
More informationSome aspects of wildlife and wildlife parasitology in New Zealand
Some aspects of wildlife and wildlife parasitology in New Zealand Part 3/3 Part three: Kiwis and aspects of their parasitology Kiwis are unique and unusual in many ways. For a comprehensive and detailed
More informationPhylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms The Acoelomates The acoelomates are animals that lack a coelom. Acoelomates lack a body cavity, and instead the space between the body wall and the digestive tract is filled
More informationWhat is your minibeast?
3. Minibeasts What is your minibeast? W9 Describe your minibeast by filling in the table below. no legs six legs more than six legs no wings two wings four wings shell no shell x x x Draw or name your
More informationFlip through the next few pages for a checklist of five of the more common, sinister summer scoundrels that you ll find throughout Arizona!
From the tundra near Flagstaff and the high mountain forests in the Rockies to the chaparral bordering California and the well-known desert, Arizona is a state of vast variation, home to a wide range of
More informationWowbug (Meli%obia digitata) classifica0on
Wowbug (Meli%obia digitata) classifica0on Taxonomic Category Scien1fic Name Common Name Characteris1cs Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods Exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed appendages. Largest group of all
More informationWhich came first, The Mosquito. Or the Egg?
Which came first, The Mosquito Or the Egg? No one really knows for sure. But what we do know is that mosquitoes go through four stages of growth: Eggs hatch into larva, which curl up into pupa, which then
More informationNature Club. Insect Guide. Make new friends while getting to know your human, plant and animal neighbours!
Nature Club Insect Guide Make new friends while getting to know your human, plant and animal neighbours! We share our world with so many cool critters! Can you identify them? Use this guide as you search
More informationNEWSLETTER NO. 23 June 1985
Chairman: Mr-s Judi th Marshall Department of Entomology British Museum (Natural History) Crornwell Road, London SW7 5BD Membership: Paul Brock (Phone 0753-79447) "Papillon", 40 Thorndike Road Slough,
More informationForest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 44. Large Cicadas. Amphipsalta cingulata (Fabricius) Amphipsalta strepitans (Kirkaldy)
Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 44 Large Cicadas Insect: Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) Amphipsalta cingulata (Fabricius) Amphipsalta strepitans (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Based
More informationWelcome to our Insect Power Point Presentation
Welcome to our Insect Power Point Presentation by Mrs. McNamara, Mrs. Gerstlauer, and Mrs. Dougherty s Second Grade Students Goodnoe Elementary School June 10, 2011 About our Projects We found a strange
More informationIndochinese Rat Snake Non Venomous Not Dangerous
Indochinese Rat Snake Non Venomous Not Dangerous Extra beautiful after hatching the Indo-Chinese rat snake juvenile doesn t resemble most of the adults which turn dark brown, grey, or black as they mature.
More informationArthropod Parasites: Flies & Myiasis
Arthropod Parasites: Flies & Myiasis Spencer Greenwood Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Office: 3313 N AVC North Annex 566-6002 (W) 892-4686 (H) Sgreenwood@upei.ca The Flies - Diptera P Over 120,000 described
More informationArea: 1,221,037 sq km (9 provinces)(25 th ) Birds: 865 spp (Avibase) Frogs: 110 spp Mammals: 300 spp (Bats 56)
Dr Ali Halajian Area: 1,221,037 sq km (9 provinces)(25 th ) Birds: 865 spp (Avibase) Frogs: 110 spp Mammals: 300 spp (Bats 56) With nearly 8% of all known species of Birds 6% of the World`s Mammal species,
More informationWe Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites
We Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites Why have a fecal exam done twice yearly? Hookworm egg, whipworm egg, roundworm egg Question: Vets typically want to a microscopic exam of a stool sample from our
More informationKansas Insect Newsletter
For Agribusinesses, Applicators, Consultants and Extension Personnel Department of Entomology 123 West Waters Hall K-State Research and Extension Manhattan, Kansas 66506 785-532-5891 http://www.entomology.ksu.edu/extension
More informationINTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE PHARMACOLOGY. Lisa Fosco Wildlife Rehabilitation Manager Toronto Wildlife Centre
INTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE PHARMACOLOGY Lisa Fosco Wildlife Rehabilitation Manager Toronto Wildlife Centre General Pharmacology Factors That Affect Drug Absorption The dosage form Blood supply to the area
More informationRed Crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) health, disease and nesting study on Tiritiri Matangi 2014/2015. Emma Wells on behalf of
Red Crowned Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) health, disease and nesting study on Tiritiri Matangi 2014/2015 John Sibley Emma Wells on behalf of Auckland Zoo, Supporters of Tiritiri Matangi, Massey
More information