iwagter of ^I)ilo (opi)p

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1 STUDY OF INDIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS Chelonus Jurine DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF iwagter of ^I)ilo (opi)p AGRICULTURE (ENTOMObOGY) AHMAD SAMIUDDIN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1996

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3 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 20?002 INDIA "hone \ \ liiiorndl : 300 Sections 1 ENTOMOLOGY 89f. No 2 PARASITOLOGY 3 ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES 4 AGRICULTURAL NEMATOLOGV Del9 ^ RENETir?; This is to certify that Mr. Ahmad Samiuddin has completed his M.Phil dissertation under my supervision on the problem entitled "Study of Indian Species of the genus Chelonus Jurine". This is an original work and distinct addition to the existing knowledge on the subject. Being satisfied with the quality and quantity of the work, he is permitted to submit it in partial fulfilment for the award of M.Phil degree in the Institute of Agriculture of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. (Dr. Shujauddin) Reader

4 C O N T E N T S PAGE I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II. INTRODUCTION 1 III.. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 IV. GENUS Chelonus Jurine DIAGNOSTIC 7 CHARACTERS V. REVISED KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES 10 OF THE SUBGENUS Microchelonus Szepligeti OF THE GENUS Chelonus jurine a. Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta b. Chelonus (Microchelonus)blackburni Cameron.. 12 c. Chelonus (Microchelonus)arshadi sp. nov VI. REVISED KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS Chelonus S.Str. d. Chelonus (Chelonus)shafeei sp.nov.... is VII. SUMMARY 22 VIII. REFERENCES * ^3 IX. PLATES ****

5 I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my privilege to record a deep sense of gratitude to my guide Dr. Shujauddin, Reader, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh; for his persistent inspiration, supervision, suggestion and critically going through the manuscript. Thanks are due to Professor G.N- Bhat, Director, Institute of Agriculture and Professor Jamil A. Khan, Chairman, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh; for providing necessary research facilities. I am also grateful to Dr. A.L. Bilgrami, Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and Zakir H. Khan for excellent microphotographs and Drs. (Miss) Anis Fatima, Jamal Khwaja and Jamal Ahmad for their valuable time to time suggestions. I would be failing in my duties if I do not mention the names of my laboratory colleagues Miss Shama Afroze, Saqia, Kalapana, Mahajabeen and Arshad A. Haider for their kind co-operation and generous help. I must pay my respect and cordial affection to my family members who never failed to encourage me throughout the period to complete this work. Finally I am grateful to my friends Mr. Abrar Ahmad, Israr Ahmad, Shahbuddin Khan and Farhan Farooqui. (AHMAD SAMIUDDIN)

6 II INTRODUCTION The genus Chelonus Jurine (1801) belongs to the sub-family Cheloninae of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). The genus Chelonus Jurine is divided into three sub-genera namely Chelonus s.str., Microchelonus Szepligeti (1908) and Stylochelonus Hellen (1958). Most species of the genus Chelonus are of economic importance which are used in the plant protection (agriculture, horticulture etc.). As they are egg-larval parasitioids of lepidopterous pests, which laid egg in the eggs of hosts but the parasitoids larvae do not mature until the host larvae have reached maturity. The biology of the following species have been worked out that are Chelonus (Chelonus) annulipes Wesmael, Chelonus (Microchelonus) phthorimaeae Gahan and Chelonus (Microchelonus) texanus Cresson by [Vance (1932); Graf, (1917); Pierce and Holloway (1912) and Ullyett (1949)] respectively. Also a number of species of thir genus have been tried in biological control projects [Charpentier, 1958; Gupta, 1955; Mc Gough & Noble, 1957; and Noble & Hunt, 1937]- Inspite of great econonic importance little work has been done on the taxonomy of this genus in Indian sub-continent. Thus it is presumed that a country like India, in which there are different climatic conditions, a large number of hitherto not known species may be recorded.

7 The earlier works on the Indian species of Chelonus (Chelonus) and Chelonus (Microchelonus) are by I Cameron, ; Gupta, 1955; Kurhade & Nikam, ; Marshall, 1885; Rao & Chalikwar, 1917; and Subha Rao, 1955]. So far, four hundred thirty two species of this genus have been recorded all over the world. [Shenefelt R.D., 1973; Papp, J., 1967, 1990b; Moreno et.al., 1989; Mc Comb C.W., 1968]. Out of which sixty four species belongs to Indo-Australian (Oriental) region of which only twelve species viz. Chelonus (Chelonus) deogiri Kurhade & Nikam (1994), Chelonus (Chelonus) dwibindus Rao & Chalikwar (1971), Chelonus (Chelonus) indicus Cameron (1907), Chelonus (Chelonus) carbonator Marshall (1885), Chelonus (Chelonus) narayani Subba Rao (1955); Chelonus (Microchelonus) niqripes and Chelonus (Microchelonus) no-aulii Rao & Chalikwar (1971), Chelonus (Microchelonus) pikeni and Chelonus (Microchelonus) raoi Kurhade and Nikam (1993) Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta (1955), Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron (1886) and Chelonus (Microchelonus) cycloporus Franz (1930), have been described from India. Chelonus jurine (1801) in panzer : Intelligentzbl. Lit. -Ztq. 1 : 164. Type species : Ichneumon oculator Fabricius (Monobasic).

8 Siqalphus (Cheloni) : Nees von Esenbeck (1813) 1816 Mag. Ges. nat. Fr. Berl. 7 : 260. Chelone : Latreille (1825) Fam. nat. Reg. Anim. : 446. Chelonus (Chelonus) : Muesebeck & Walkley (1951) Agriculture Monogr. 2 : 143, Nearct. Arichelonus : Viereck (1913) Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 44:641. Type species : Chelonus aculeatus Ashmead (Monobasic & orig. design.). Davisania : La Munyon (1877) Proc. Neb. Assoc. Adv. Sci.; Type species : Davisania aughei La Munyon (Design, by Viereck 1914). Megachelonus : Baker (1926) Philipp. J. Sci. 31: 457, key Type species : Megachelonus bidentatus Baker (Orig. design.) Synon. by De Saeger Trachionus : Haliday (1833) Ent. Mag. 1 : 265. Type species : Chelonus mandibularis Haliday. (Monobasic). Chelonus (Microchelonus) Sz^pligeti nat. Mus. natn. hung. 6 : 403. (1908) Annls. hist. Type species : Microchelonus hungaricus Szepligeti (Monobasic). Chelonus (Microchelonus) : Fahringer (1934) Opusc. bracon. 3(5-8) : 505. Chelonus : Reinhard (1867) Berl. ent. Z^. 11:360, part.

9 Chelonella : Szepligeti (1908) Annls. hist, nat. Mus. natn. hung. 6: 403, many species, key (not Beneden & Hesse 1863). Type species : Chelonus basalis Curtis, Marshall. (Design, by Viereck 1914). Chelonus (Chelonella) : Fahringer (1934) opusc. bracon. 3 (5-8) : 408, 434, key palaearct. Neochelonella : Hincks (1943) Entomologist 76 : 98, replacement name for chelonella Szepligeti. Type species : Chelonus basalis Curtis (Diabasic). Synon. with Microchelonus by Muesebeck & Walkleyl951. Chelonus (Neochelonella) : De Saeger (1948) Explor. Pare natn. Albert Miss. G.F. de Witte 53: 97, key. Chelonus (Stylochelonus); Hellen (1958) Notul. ent. 38:33 Type species : Chelonus pedator Dahlbom (Monobasic).

10 Ill MATERIALS AND METHODS COLLECTIONS AND REARING (i) Laboratory rearing from natural hosts : Infested leaves were collected In collecting bags made up of polythene or any other fabric from field, were brought to the laboratory. The collected samples were transferred from the collecting bags to the rearing jars (size 8"x6"), the open end of jars covered with muslin cloth tightly held with the help of rubber band. A complete and upto date record was maintained, indicating the locality, date of collecltion, name of the host and also the name of the host plant, etc. The base of jar filled with moist sand is preferred. The jar were checked daily and fresh leaves were provided to the caterpillars for feeding if necessary. The author reared the braconid parasitoids on the infested leaves of lishora collected nearby Department of Zoology, of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Emerged parasitoids were preserved in 70% alcohol with one or two drops of glycerine ai.d glacial acetic acid in each vial and keep it for their future identification. (ii) Collection of Braconid parasitoids (sweeping) : The braconid parasitoids were collected from different areas by using sweeping net and with the help of this the author collected parasitoids from various

11 important agricultural areas of Aligarh like Naqvi park on dauranta hedge, and from Department of Geology, of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. (ill) Mounting methods : Dry specimens were mounted on pointed cards using water soluble glue. The permanent slides were prepared after dehydration and clearing was done in clove oil. The specimens were dissected under dissecting binocular microscope with the help of fine needles. The dissected parts viz., antennae, wings, leys and other body parts were placed in canada balsam on a slide in required positions and then covered by coverslip or by coverslip pieces. The slides were then kept in a thermostat at 37 C temperature for 24 hours or either keep them in normal room temperature for same duration. (iv) Illustration and measurements : The permanent slides were examined under the binocular microscope for detailed study. Drawing were drawn with the help of camera lucida, measurements were taken with the help of an ocular micrometer.

12 Fig.l : Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. 0 ABBREVIATIONS USED (FORE WING) C = Costa; M = Median; B = Basal; A = Anal; D = Discoidal; Nerv = Nervellus; Met = Metacarp; Rec = Recurrent; Par = Parallel; r, = First Abscipsa of Radius; r = Second Abscissa of Radius r_ = Third Abscissa of Radius; Cu- = Second Abscissa of Cubitus; Cu- = Third Abscissa of cutibus; Cuqu, = First Transverse Cubitus; Cuqu^ = Second Transverse Cubitus. (HIND WING) C = Costa; Sc = Sub-Costa; M = Median; A = Anal; Ham = Hamulus; Met = Metacarp.

13 Eye Median ocellus Lateral ocellus Prescutum Fore wing Tegula Scutellun Metanotum Propodeum Hind vdng Tibia Tarsus Hind leg.spine of Carapace I mm FJg.1

14 IV. GENUS Chelonus Jurine DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS : The genus Chelonus is closely related to Ascogaster Wesmael. However the two taxa may be immediately separated, by the first cubitel and first discoidal cells being confluent in Chelonus but separated in Ascogaster. Chelonus Jurine Female : head transverse, rarely more than 0.7 as long as wide, higher than long; antennae with 16 or more than this; eyes longer than broad, always hairy clypeus normally slightly convex without a transverse dividing suture; maxillary palpi normally not extending beyond the prothoracic coxae (in one known species modified to form a beak like structure which extends well beyond the prothoracic coxae). Thorax nearly always rugulosely sculptured; mesoplural furrow not impressed; mesonotal lobes usually poorly defined, the notauli generally weak but distinct; propodeum quadrate, with the caudal margin in its dorsal face well defined, usually by a distinct raised line, usually with two pairs of tubercle like projections but the inner pair often weak and sometimes not distinct; when present the inner projections closer to each other than to the outer pair, first and second abscissa of radius (r.-r ) short, both always shorter than first intercubitus; radial cell very short, never longer, and in most species shorter

15 than the stigma; first cubital and first discoidal cells always confluent; three cells present, the second always short. Abdomen broadly joined to the thorax, all the targites fused into a solid carapace without any indication of segmentation and usually strongly sculptured; a large ventral opening in carapace. Body usually black legs usually partly blackish, but sometimes entirely yellow; wings hyaline, hyaline basally and infumated apically, or completely infumated. Male : Like the female but with the antenne relatively longer and with more segments; often with a large distinctly margined foramen in the apex of the carapace. Sub-genus Microchelonus Female : Normally with antennae 16-segmen- ed, if more than 16-segmented the male with a foremen in the apex of carapace; face never coarsely rugose. Male : Almost always with a distinctly nergined foramen in the apex of the carapace; if foramen absent then female with antennae.1 6-segmented. Sub-genus Stylochelonus Female : Antennae21-22segmented, maxillary and labial palpi are short, pronotum produced anteriorly in the form of a neck.

16 Male : Style at the apex of carapace, without apical foramen, at the apex of carapace it has a short keel and extending from it is compressed laterally; head widened behind eyes. Sub-genus Chelonus s.str. Female : Antennae more than 16-segmented. Male : Carapace without apical foramen. KEY TO THE SUB-GENERA OF Chelonus Jurine. 1. Pronotum produced anteriorly in the form of a neck; abdomen of the male with an apical style, also compressed laterally at posterior region. He d widened behind eyes Stylochelonus Hellen. Pronotum not produced anteriorly in the form of a neck; abdomen of males without an apical style and not compressed laterally at posterior region. Head not widened behind eyes Female with more than 16-segmented antennae. Male without apical foramen Chelonus s.str. Female with 16-segmented antennae. Male with or without apical foramen. Or Female with more than 16-segmented antennae but male always with an apical foramen Microchelonus Szepl.

17 10 V. REVISED KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF THE SUB-GENUS Microchelonus Szepligeti OF THE GENUS Chelonus Jurine 1. Carapace produced posteriorly into a spine 2 Carapace without spine 3 2. Carapace with a notch below the spine, not declivous; stigma distinctly longer than radial cell, third abscissa of radius straight, first abscissa of radius slightly longer than second, third abscissa of cubitus prominent pikeni Kurhade & Nikam Carapace without notch and strongly declivous below spine; stigma almost as long as radial cell, third abscissa of radius curved, first abscissa of radius as long as second, third abscissa of cubitus slightly fainted arshadi sp. nov. 3. Front and mid coxae not yellow; malar space more or equal to the basal width of mandible 4 Front and mid coxae yellow; malar space 1.3 times the basal width of mandible; basal 0.45 part of carapace white; ovipositor 1.25 times as long as the hind basitarsus; male with antenna segmented, foramen in the apex of carapace 3.5 times as wide as high... notaulii Rao & Chalikwar. 4. Malar space equal to the basal width of mandible; legs not dark reddish brown 5

18 11 Malar space 2.35 times the basal width of mandible; legs dark reddish brown; notauli absent; antenna 16- segmented; basal 0.45 part of carapace yellowish white raoi Kurhade & Nikam. 5. Stigma less than three times as long as wide; radial cell on wing margin shorter than stigma 6 Stigma three times as long as wide; radial cell on wing margin almost as long as stigma; lateral lobe at the base of scutellum greatly reduced; basal third part of carapace white; male with antenna segmented; extending to the ape^c of carapace; foramen in the apex of carapace four times as wide as high heliopae Gupta. 6. Stigma 2.5 times as long as wide; radial cell on wing margin about 0.8 times as long as stigma; malar space equal to the basal width of mandible; basal third part of carapace with pale yellow band; foramen being absent in female, present in male and about five times as wide as high blackburni Cameron Stigma 2.6 times as long as wide; radial cell on wing margin 0.75 times as long as stigma and 0.8 times as long as third abscissa of radius; malar space equal to the basal width of mandible; basal 0.4 part of carapace yellow; male with antenna 25-segmented/ extending to the middle of carapace; foramen in the apex of carapace narrow, 4.5 times as wide as high nigripes Rao & Chalikwar

19 12 a. Chelonus (Microchelonus) hellopae Gupta Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta : Gupta, 1955, Agra Univ. J. of Res. Sci. 4 : Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta : tic Gough and Noble, 1957, J. Econ. Ent. 5D : 524. Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta 1958, J. Econ. Ent. 51 : 164. Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta Indian Tobacco 8 : 233. Charpentier, Patel, 1958, Material Examined : I9, INDIA, UTTAR PRADESH, Aligarh; On Gnorimoschema heliopa LOW (Data not available). b. Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron; Cameron, 1886, Mem. Manchester Lit, and Phil. Soc. (Ser. 3) 10 : 242. Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron : Nobel and Hunt, 1937, J. Econ. Ent. 48 : 627. Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron : Hoyt, 1957, So. Pacific Comm. Tech. Paper 101 : 26. Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron : Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951, in Muesebeck et. al.^ Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agric. Monogr. No. 2, p Material Examined : I29, INDIA, UTTAR PRADESH, Aligarh, on Corcyra cephalonica (Laboratory stock), 13, II Coll. (Shujauddin).

20 13 c. Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. (Fig. - 1,2,3) Female : Head transverse, 1.4 times wider than long (21:15) between eyes; 1.9 times wider than long (21:15) between tempora; vertex, pubescent shiny, rugose, frons shiny strigose; ocelli; shiny/ strigose, distance between posterior ocellus some what longer than anterior to posterior, malar space strigose to alutaceous, 1.4 times the basal width of mandible (7:5), temple strigose, strigose around the eye margin; face 1.8 times longer than wide (15:8); clypeus shiny, slightly convex, length and width subequal (6:6) mandible stout; antenna 16-segmented; scape 1.5 times as long as broad (6:4), pedicel slightly wider than long (2:3); first flagellar segment three times as long as broad (6:2); second segment 2.5 times as long as broad (5:2); first to fifth flagellar segment filiform; cylindrical; segments three to five twice as long as broad (4:2); segments six to eight longer than broad (3:2); segments nine to thirteen as long as wide (2:2); segments fourteenth to sixteenth tapering apically; apical segment 1.7 times as long as wide (3.5:2); antenna extending back upto the propodeum. Thorax 1.2 times longer than wide (38:31); 1.2 times as wide as high (31:26); mesoscutum shiny, punctatereticulate; notauli distinct, partially convex; scutellar disc flat, densely punctate triangular, strongly

21 14 pubescent; lateral lobe at base of scutelltun punctate pubescent; anterior scutellar furrow punctate crenulate; tegulae crenulate, depressed laterally and rugate; propodeum rugose punctate, shiny laterally; inner pair of propodeal tooth longer than outer; metanotum faintly punctate. Legs: Fore coxa globose, femora slightly shorter than tibia (13:15); about half as long as basitarsus (13:7); tibia 2.1 times as long as basitarsus (15:7) length of trochanter equal to basitarsus (7:7); mid coxa globose; femora 2.1 times as long as basitarsus (17:18); 1.7 times as long as trochanter (17:10); tibia 2.4 times as long as basitarsus (19:8); almost as long as femora (19:17); trochanter 1.2 times as long as basitarsus (10:8); hind coxa moderately oval; femora three times as long as basitarsus (18:6); 2.2 times as long as trochanter (18:8); tibia 1.2 times as long cs femora (22:18); 3.7 times as long as basitarsus (22:6). Forewing 2.8 times as long as broad (70:25); stigma almost twice as long as wide (15:8); radial cell on wing margin almost as long as stigma (16:5); 3rd abscissa of radius (r.) curved, slightly longer than stigma (17:15); r, is exactly equal to r- (3:3); r- vien sclerotization reduced apically; almost 6 times as long as r^ and r^ (17: 3); 3.4 times as long as first transverse cubitus (17:5); radial cell 0.94 times as long as r. (16:17); first

22 15 transverse cubitus almost in straight line with recurrent; 0.62 times as long as width of stigma (5:8); second transverse cubitus somewhat fainted, exactly equal to r. and r_ (3:3); stigma three times as long as first transverse cubitus (15:5). Carapace broadly sessile; 1.3 times shorter than head and thorax combined (42:53); two very weak medially convergent carinae arising from the base; reticulate punctate on basal 2/3rd, foveolate to reticulate rugose posteriorly; 1.7Xas long as wide (42:24); 1.3 times as wide as its height (24:18); apical foramen absent; length of hind basitarsus 1.2 times as ovipositor (6:5); apex triangular; strongly declivous posteriorly and produced into a prominent spine apically. Body, Carapace and tegulae black; scape, segments six to fourteen, stigma, hind, mid and fore coxa, fore trochanter, fore and mid femora brown; pedicel, proximal five flagellar segments, hind trochanter light brown; maxillary palpi light yellow; fore tibia, fore and mid tarsi and spurs yellow; mid tibia brownish- yellow; hind femora and hind tibia light brown apically and dark brown basally; ocelli black; mandible yellowish-brown basally and black apically ; parastigma dark brown. Length* mm. HOLOTYPE 1 0; INDIA : UTTAR PRADESH, Aligarh, Ex, Acrocercops lysibathra Meyrick on Cordia latifolia Roxb. 15. IX (Shujauddin).Paratype 200 (Same as above); 5 0

23 16 (same locality) 29. viii (Samiuddin). Male : Unknown Remarks: The new species Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. is closely related to Chelonus (Microchelonus) acutigaster. McComb but differs from the later in the following characters : (i) radial cell on wing margin almost as long as stigma; (ii) r^ curved; (iii) radial cell 0.94 times as long as r. (iv) propodeum rugose punctate, inner pair of projection distinct longer than outer; (v) scutellar disc densely punctate; (vi) carapace reticulate punctate on basal 2/3rd and foveolate to reticulate rugose apically. It also resembles an Indian species Chelonus (Microchelonus) pik«ii Kur.&.Nikldescribed,. on"6 O.The female of this species is yet to be described. The close affinity of this species is based on apical projection of carapace. (Fig. 1, Kurhade, S.M. and Nikam, P.K., 1993; 475). Which is not known from any other species from India, can easily be distinguished by following characters (i) Carapace without notch and strongly declivous below spine; (ii) stigma almost as long as radial cell; (iii) third abscissa of radius curved; (iv) first abscissa of radius as long as second; (v) third abscissa of cubitus slightly fainted.

24 '00:::> I 0.3mm

25 Propodeum Dorsal Surface of Carapace Spine

26 17 VI. REVISED KEY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF THE SUB-GENUS Chelonus S.Str. 1. Clypeus, face, frons, vertex closely transversely regulose; female antenna 24 - segmented; carapace entirely closely regulose, vertex more coarsely punctate narayani Subba Rao Clypeus, vertex differently sculptured; female antenna more than 24 - segmented; carapace differently sculptured 2 2. Female antenna more than 25 - segmented, terminal segments two times as long as wide; ovipositor as long as hind basitarsus 3 Female antenna 25-segmented, terminal segments two times as long as wide; ovipositor 1.5 times as long as hind basitarsus; malar space 1.5 times the basal width of mandible dwibindus Rao & Chalikwar. 3. Female antenna 26-segmented/ terminal segments as long as wide; ovipositor as long as wide, ovipositor as long as hind basitarsus; malar space 1.3 times the basal width of mandible; Carapace strigose reticulately rugose; vertex strigosely rugose; temple strigose reticulate deogiri Kurhade & Nikam Female antenna 29-segmented, terminal segments 1.5 times as long as wide; ovipositor 1.4 times shorter than hind basitarsus; malar space 1.8 times the basal width of mandible; Carapace rugose punctate; vertex densely punctate; temple densely rugose shafeei, sp.nov.

27 18 d. Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. Female : Head rectangular (dorsal view); 1.9 times as wide as long (between tempora) (44:23); 1.2 times as wide as long (between eyes) (28:23); temple densely rugose; vertex shiny, densely punctate; triangular (front view); 1.1 times broader than high (46:41); frons shiny, punctate rugose; mandible stout, maxillary palpi, five segmented, clypeus shiny medially, stout, convex; 1.2 times wider than long (12:10); distance between posterior ocellus just double the distance between anterior to posterior; malar space rugose, 1.8 times the basal width of mandible (11: 6); eye oval, rim surrounded with reticulations; antenna 29-segmented, filiform, extending upto basal 2/3rd of carapace; 1.3 times shorter than body (130:165); shiny pubescent; scape 2.4 times longer than wide (12:5); pedicel as long as wide (4:4); flagellar segments first to second, three times longer than wide (9:3); segment third 2.3 times longer than wide (7:3); segments four to eleven, two times lor\ger than wide (6:3); segments twelve to nineteen and terminal segments 1.3 times (4:3) and 1.5 times (3:2) longer than wide respectively; basal nine segments cylindrical. Thorax 1.2 times longer than wide (60:48); almost as wide as high (48:47); pronotum deeply, densely punctate, shiny medialy; mesoscutum punctate, shiny medially;

28 19 notauli distinct; disc of scutellum foveolate punctate; triangular shiny medially; lateral lobe at base of scutellum foveolate punctate densely; anterior scutellar furrow punctate with foveolae; propodeum reticulate rugose with foveolae; outer pair of propodeal tooth larger than inner; metapleurum reticulate punctate; mesopleurum shiny, rugose punctate. Legs:Fore femora almost as long as tibia (28:25); 2.8 times as long as trochanter (28:10); tibia 1.8 times as long as basitarsus (25:14); femora, tibia, tarsi pubescent, coxa globose; mid femora slightly shorter than tibia (27:29); 3.4 times longer than trochanter (27:8); tibia 2.1 times longer than basitarsus (29:14); rest of tarsi 1.6 times longer than basitarsus (23:14); outer tibial spur slightly longer than inner; coxa slightly oval; hind femora slightly shorter than tibia (35:38); tibia 2.4 times as long as basitarsus (38:16); basitarsus 1.6 times shorter than rest of tarsi (16:25); spurs, outer longer than inner; coxa oval. Fore wing 2.2 times as long as broad (92:42); stigma 2.2 times as long as broad (24:11); slightly longer than radial cell (24:21); r^^ as long as r_ (6:6); almost half the width of stigma (6:11); third abscissa of radius (r.) slightly shorter than stigma (22:24), curved distally, 3.7 times longer than r^ and r^ (22:6); first transverse cubitus 2.1 times as long as second (15:7); 2.5 times

29 20 longer than r. and r. (15:6); length of costa 1.5 times as stigma (37:24); first transverse cubitus 1.4 times as long as width of stigma (15:11). Carapace- 2.8 times as long as wide (80:28); some what shorter than head and thorax combined (80:86); almost as wide as high (28:26); rugose punctate; apex rounded; ovipositor not exerted; 1.2 times shorter than hind basitarsus (12:14). Antennal first three segments; scape, pedicel, fore and mid coxa brown; head and thorax combined, hind coxa and trochanter dark brown; basal 2/3rd of carapace, hind femora, stigma, parastigma light brown; hind tarsi, rest of antennal segment other than basal, brownish-yellow; fore tibia, tarsi except last tarsal segment and mid tarsi, tibia golden-yellow; mid trochanter femora yellowish-brown; hind tibia light yellow basally, brown apically; mandible brown basally, yellowish-brown apically; notauli dark black; first and second transverse cubitus pigmented. Length : mm. HOLOTYPE 1 0 : INDIA : UTTAR PRADESH, Aligarh, 2.viii by sweeping (Shujauddin). Male : Unknown.

30 21 Remarks : The new species Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. is closely related to the Indian species Chelonus (Chelonus) deogiri Khurhade and Nikam (1994) but can be easily distinguished from it by the following characters: (i) Vertex densely punctate; (ii) antenna 29-segmented; (iii) terminal segments of antenna 1.5 times as long as wide; (iv) temple rugose; (v) notauli distinct; (vi) carapace rugose punctate; (vii) ovipositor 0.85 times as long as hind basitarsus; (viii) light yellow spot on basal half of carapace; (ix) apical region of mandible yellowish brown.

31 22 VII. SUMMARY The genus Chelonus Jurine is represented by twelve species from India viz. Chelonus (Chelonus) deogiri Kurhade & Nikam, Chelonus (Chelonus) dwibindus Rao & Chalikwar, Chelonus (Chelonus) indicus Cameron, Chelonus (Chelonus) carbonator Marshall; Chelonus (Chelonus) narayani Subba Rao, Chelonus (Microchelonus) nigripes and Chelonus (Microchelonus) notaulii Rao & Chalikwar Chelonus (Microchelonus) pikeni and Chelonus (Microchelonus) raoi Kurhade & Nikam; Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta; Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron; Chelonus (Microchelonus) cycloporus Franz. Out of which two species Chelonus (Microchelonus) heliopae Gupta and Chelonus (Microchelonus) blackburni Cameron had been studied as old taxa and two species Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. and Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. have been added in the existing list. The present study is confined to the genus Chelonus Jurine and its two species have collected from Aligarh (U.P.), have been described as new taxa viz. Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. and Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. The position of genus Chelonus is discussed and new taxa have been illustrated with the help of eleven diagrams and twelve photographs.

32 23 VIII. REFERENCES * Abdinbekova, A.A. (1971).[Braconids of the genus Chelonus Jur.(Hymenoptera/ Braconidae) from Azerbaidzhon ]-Rev. Ent. URSS. 50(2) : Achterberg, C. Van (1806). Chelonus Panzer (Insecta, Hymenoptera) and Anomala sameuella, 1819 (Insecta, Coleoptera) proposed conservation. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 44(3) : Achterberg, C. Van (1982). Revisionary notes on Chelonus Jurine and A:.omala Von Block (Hymenoptera : Braconidae, Cheloninae). Entom. Ber. 42: Achterberg, C. Van (1993). Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) (283) : Ashmead, W.H. (19 01). Hymenoptera parasitica. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS. 1(3) : * Beardsley, J.W. (1961). A review of the Hawaiian Braconidae (Hymenoptera). PROC. HAWAIIAN. ENT. SOC. ]7(3, : Cameron, P. (1881). Notes on Hymenoptera, with description of new species Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 4: Cameron, P. (1907). On the parasitic Hymenoptera collected by major C.G. Nurse in Bombay presidency. J. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc. 17 :

33 24 Carpentier, Leon, J. (1958). Recent attempts to establish sugarcane borer parasites in Louisiana. J. Econ. Ent. 51(2) : Cresson, E.T. (1865). Catalogue of the Hymenoptera in the collection of the Entomological society of Philadelphia from Colorado territory. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia 4: Curtis, J. (1837). British entomology 3: 672. London. Eady, R.D. (1968). Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera. Proc. R. ent. Soc. London 43(4-6): *Fahringer, J. (1934). Opuscula braconologica 3. Palaearktische Region. Lieferung 5-8. Verl. F. Wagner, Wien.; Gahan, A.B. (1917). Description of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. Washington. 53: Graf, J.E. (1917). The potato tuber moth. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 427 : Gupta, V.K. (1955). On a new species of Chelonus (Braconidae : parasitic Hymenoptera) from India. Agra. Univ. J. Res. (Scj,).4(l): Hellen, W. (1958). Die Chelonus -Arten Finnlands. (Hym: Braconidae) Not, ent. 38:

34 25 Hincks, W.D. (1943). Nomenclature notes on Braconidae and Aphididae (Hym.). Entomologist. 76 : Huddleston, T. & Walker, A.K. (1994). A revision of the Chelonus scrobiculatus species group of Cheloninae (Insecta : Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien Serie B Botanik und Zooloqie. 96 : Kurhade, S.M. & Nikam, P.K- (1993). On two new species of Chelonus Panzer (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) from India. J. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc. 90(3) : Kurhade, S.M. & Nikam* P.K. (1994). On a new species of genus Chelonus Panzer (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) from India. Entomon. 19( 3-4) : Marsh, P.M. (1963). A key to the Nearctic sub-families of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 56 : Marsh, P.M. (1978). The braconid parasites (Hymenoptera) of Heliothis species (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 80(1) : Marsh, P.M. (1979). Descriptioar of new Braconidae (Hymenoptera) parasitic on the potato tuber worm and on related lepidoptera from central and south America.- J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 109(1) : Mccomb, C.W. (1965). A new Chelonus (Microchelonus) from western United States (Hymenoptera : Braconidae). Ent. News. 76:

35 26 Mc Comb, C.W. (1968). A revision of the Chelonus subgenus Microchelonus in North America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera : Braconidae). Univ. Md. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-149, 148 pp. Mc Gough, J.M. & Noble L.W. (1957). Summary of works at Brownsville, Texas, with imported pink bollworm parasites and an aphid predator. J. Econ. Ent. 50(4) : 514. Moreno Josefa, Falco Gari & Ricardo Jimenez (1989). About the Chelonjnae in spain BOL. ASOC. ESP. ENTOMOL. 13: Muesebeck, C.F.W. & Walkley, L.M. (1951). Family Braconidae (pp ). In : C.F.W. Muesebeck et.al^., Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico; Synoptic Catalog. U.S. Dept. Agric, Agric. Monogr. (2) : 1420 pp. Muesebeck, C.F.W. (1958). New Neotropical wasp of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the U.S. National Museum - Proc. U.S. Wat. Mus., 107 : *Nees Von Esenbeck, C.G. (1834). Genera Europaea et species illustrates. Hym. Ichn. aff. Monog. 1: 277. Noble, L.W. & Hunt, W.T. (1937). Imported parasites of pink bollworm at Presidio, Tex., Jour. Econ. Ent. 30:

36 27 Noble, L.W. (1942). Methods of rearing the pink bollworm parasites Chelonus and Microbracon. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 : 597. * Panzer, G.F.W. (1806). Kritische revision der insekten faune Deutschlands, nach dem system bearbetet. 2 Nurnberg. 271 pp. Papp, J. (1967). Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei, 101. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) I- Acta. Zool. Hung. 13(1-2): Papp, J. (1971). Results of the zoological explorations of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia.(Hymenoptera : Braconidae) II. Acta. Zool. Hung. 17(1-2) : Papp, J. (1974). A study on the systematics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) FOL. ENTQMOL. HUNG. 27(2): Papp, J. (1981). New species of Braconidae from the Hortobay National Park/ Hungary (Hymenoptera). ACTA. ZOOL. ACAD. SCI. HUNG. 27(314) : Papp, J. (1981). About Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Tunisia, 2. FOLIA. ENTOMOL. HUNG., 34(1): Papp, J. (1990a). Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, XI11-Acta. Zool,. Hung. 36(3-4) : Papp, J. (1990b). A revision of Thomson's Microchelonus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae)- Acta. Zool. Hung. 36(3-4)

37 28 Papp, J. (1992). New Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 3. Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hunqarici. 84 : Papp, J. (1993). New braconid wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 4. Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hunqarici. 85 : Patel, H.K., Patel, R.C. & Patel, R.M. (1958). Some observations on Chelonus heliopae Gupta/ a parasite of the tobacco stem border. Indian Tobacco. 8: 233. Pierce, W.D. & Holloway, T.E. (1912). Notes on the biology of Chelonus texanus Cresson. Jour. Econ. Ent. 5: Rao, S.N. & Chalikwar, M.R. (1971). Studies on parasitic Hymenoptera (Braconidae) from Marathwada. III. Three new species of Chelonus Panzer Oriental Insects. 5(4) : Riegel, G.T. (1948). The wings of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) Ann. Ent. Soc. Amr. 41 : Shenefelt, R.D. (1973). Braconidae 6, Cheloninae. -Hym. Cat, (n.ed.) Pars 10 : Snodgrass, R.E. (1910). The thorax of the Hymenoptera. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 39 :

38 29 Snoflak, J. (1941). Beitrag zur geogr. verbreitung der Gat. Chelonus (Braconidae) in Mahren - Entorn, listy, 4: 1-4. Subba Rao, B.R. (1955). A new species of Chelonus on Heliothis armigera (Fabricius). Ind. J. Ent.y17(1)t Szepligeti, Gy. (1898). Adatok a Chelonus- nem ismeretehez. Beitrage zur kenntniss der Chelonus- Arten. Termeszetr. Fuz. 21 : Tobias, V.I. (1985). On two new braconid species of the genus Microchelonus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) from Caucasus (U.S.S.R.). ENTOMOL OBOZR. 64(4) : Tobias, V.I. (19 91). A new species of the genus Chelonus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) from central Asia. ZOOL ZH. 70(7) : Tobias, V.I. (1991). On Braconid wasps of the genus Microchelonus Szepl. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) of western Badakhshan and Pamiro - Alai. ENTOMOL. OBOZR. 70(3) : Tobias, V.I. (1993). Bracon-wasps of the genus Microchelonus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) with strongly lengthened palpi. Zoologicheskii zhurnal. 72(7):

39 30 Tobias, V.I. (1994). Description of two new species (one new species) of the genus Microchelonus from Austria (Insecta : Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Annalen. des. Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B Botanik und Zooloqie. 96 : Tobias, V.I. (1994). On Braconids of the genus Microchelonus Szepli (Hymn.: Braconidae) from the Far. East : Dark Coloured species with elongated abdomen. ENTOMOLOGICHESKOE OBOZRENIE. 73(2): * Ullyett, G.C. (1949). Distribution of progeny by Chelonus texanus Cress. Canada Ent. 81 : Vance, A.M. (1932). The biology and morphology of the braconid Chelonus annulipes Wesm., a parasite of the European corn, borer. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 294: Watanabe, CH. (1937). A contribution to the knowledge of the Braconid fauna of the Empire of Japan. Journ. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 42(4) : Wesmael, C. (1838). Monographic des Braconidaes de Belgique.-Bruxelles, 1: III. *.. Original not seen

40 P L A T E S

41 Chelenus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. O (A) CARD MOUNTED? (B) ANTENNA 2

42 B PLATE-I

43 Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. O (C) FORE LEG 0 (D) MID LEG?

44 PL ATE-2 /

45 Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov. o (E) HIND LEG O (F) FORE WING 2

46 PL ATE-3

47 Chelonus (Microchelonus) arshadi sp.nov O (G) FORE WING (Close view) O (H) MAXILLA? (I) MANDIBLE?

48 PLATE-4 H

49 Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. I (J) DORSAL VIEW? (K) LATERAL VIEW HEAD, THORAX & CARAPACE

50 K PLATE-5

51 Chelonus (Chelonus) shafeei sp.nov. (L) LATERAL VIEW 0 THORAX & HEAD

52 PLATE-6