10/03/18 periods 5,7 10/02/18 period 4 Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain how.

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1 10/03/18 periods 5,7 10/02/18 period 4 Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain how.

2 Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain how. reptile: folds in the skin fish: attached to (grow out of) skin, scales are replaced when lost

3 10/04: 5,7 10/03/18 period 4 Objective: Reptiles and Amphibians 1. Two differences between reptiles and amphibians: 2. Salamanders and lizards: a. Similarity: b. Difference:

4 1. Two differences between reptiles and amphibians: R: scales and lungs A: no scales/lungs & gills 2. Salamanders and lizards: a. Similarity: long body, four legs, and tail b. Difference: salamanders: amphibians lizard: reptiles

5 10/04/18 period 4 Objective: Ozone Layer Ozone Layer high in the atmosphere. 1. Purpose of ozone? 2. How may its past thinning have impacted amphibians?

6 Objective: Ozone Layer Ozone Layer high in the atmosphere. 1. Purpose of ozone? Protect life on Earth from excessive exposure to UV light. UV light damages DNA in skin, which would lead to mutation (change in the DNA instructions), cancer, and death. 2. How may its past thinning impact have impacted amphibians? Sensitive skin can not tolerate an increase in UV exposure and may have been the cause of the decline in high elevation areas.

7 10/12/18 period 5 10/05/18 period 4 Objective: Ecology Basics (4.1) 1. Define ecology: 2. Climate and weather: describe the difference in the meaning between these terms 3. eco: logist: logy:

8 10/12/18 period 5 10/05/18 period 4 Objective: Ecology Basics (4.1) 1. Define ecology: study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environments 2. Climate and weather: Weather: short-term conditions outside in the atmosphere Climate: long-term weather pattern 3. eco: environment logist: one who studies logy: study of

9 10/16/18 periods 4,5, 7 Objective: Study of Ecology 1. Pages : write the meaning of the terms population ecology community ecology ecosystem ecology 2. Page 103: question 1: answer the question as a statement, you do not need to write the question 3. Reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms. What s an ectotherm?

10 Objective: Study of Ecology population ecology: study of how individuals with in a population interact with each other community ecology: study of interactions among species ecosystem ecology: studying the living and nonliving components of a system together. 2. Page 103: question 1: The different kinds of organisms would be considered a community. Different kinds means or implies multiple species or varieties. 3. Reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms. What s an ectotherm?

11 Objective: Study of Ecology 2. Page 103: question 1: The different kinds of organisms would be considered a community. Different kinds means or implies multiple species or varieties. 3. Reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms. Body heated from the outside

12 Name: Period: Objective: Ecological Organization 1. Ecologists study life at many levels. Name the levels (smallest to largest) and describe them. on back of page 2. Define habitat:

13 2. Ecologists study life at many levels. individuals: organisms populations: all the organisms of the same species (a specific type) communities: all the populations with in a defined geographic area ecosystems: the community and the abiotic factors to which they are adapted biosphere: area of the Earth inhabited by living things/life (made up of biomes) 3. habitat: specific environment in which an organism lives and provides basic needs

14 Name: Date: Objective: Studying Ecology (4.1) 1. Short grass prairie: black tailed prairie dogs, bison, burrowing owls, pronghorn, lizards, various ducks, and grasses can be found in different habitats. a. Explain the meaning of habitat. b. Ducks - where found? c. Level of ecology represented by the animals and plants?

15 Name: Date: Objective: Studying Ecology (4.1) 1. Short grass prairie: black tailed prairie dogs, bison, burrowing owls, pronghorn, lizards, various ducks, and grasses can be found in different habitats. a. Explain the meaning of habitat Habitat is the specific environment in which an organism lives and/or finds food, water, shelter, and mates. b. Ducks - where found? Ducks would be found around aquatic areas (ponds ). c. Level of ecology represented by the animals and plants? All the different animals and plants make up the community (biotic factors).

16 2. The bison of Yellowstone national park make a population. They are part of the park s community. Explain the difference between a population and community. 3. White-tailed deer, gray squirrels, black bears, and wild turkey compete for acorn resources. Define resource.

17 2. The bison of Yellowstone national park make a population. They are part of the park s community. A population consists of all the organisms of the same species with in a defined geographic area. The community consists of the bison and the other populations of organisms found in the same area. 3. White-tailed deer, gray squirrels, black bears, and wild turkey compete for acorn resources. Define resource.

18 2. The bison of Yellowstone national park make a population. They are part of the park s community. A population consists of all the organisms of the same species with in a defined geographic area. The community consists of the bison and the other populations of organisms found in the same area. 3. White-tailed deer, gray squirrels, black bears, and wild turkey compete for acorn resources. A resource is anything needed by an organism to survive. Examples include food, shelter, breeding sites, and mates.

19 10/23/18 Objective: Abiotic Factor Review/Desert Adaptations 1. Sonoran desert has two seasonal climate patterns: describe them 2. Sonoran desert plants: describe two adaptations 3. Sonoran desert animals: describe two desert adaptations

20 Objective: Abiotic Factor Review Desert Adaptations 1. Sonoran desert has two seasonal climate patterns: 4 seasons change of temperature spring, summer, fall, and winter Wet and dry seasons rains late winter/early spring and late summer 2. Sonoran desert plants: describe two adaptations 3. Sonoran desert animals: describe two desert adaptations

21 Chapter 25, section 1

22 Name: Period: Objective: Classification Review 1. In, species are organized into categories. The largest category,, is broken into (2), and. The do not have membrane-bound. 2. The animal kingdom is broken into phylums. The phylum chordates (nervous system) contains 5 of vertebrates. They include,,,, and. 3. Dinosaurs (2 or 4 legged reptiles) do not include the flying and swimming reptiles. Different than other living reptiles:.

23 9/25/17 Objective: Classification Review 1. In taxonomy, species are organized into categories. The largest category, domains, is broken into prokaryotes (2), and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes do not have membranebound organelles. 2. The animal kingdom is broken into phylums. The phylum chordates (nervous system) contains 5 classes of vertebrates. They include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. 3. Dinosaurs (2 or 4 legged reptiles) do not include the flying and swimming reptiles. Different than other living reptiles: Different hip structure legs are vertical, not horizontal like other reptiles.

24 Name: Date: Period: Objective: Populations and Abiotic Factors 1. Generalists and specialists: different in terms of habitat and resource requirements. Explain. 2. The terrain in our area covers a range of elevation. We live on the Pocono plateau or in the river valley. Define the highlighted terms.

25 Name: Date: Period: Objective: Populations and Abiotic Factors 1. Generalists and specialists: different in terms of habitat and resource requirements. Explain. Generalists, such as the American toad, can adapt to a variety of habitats within an ecosystem. A specialist, (such as the Fowler s toad, panda bear, koala) requires very specific types of habitats and sometimes specific resources (such as food type). 2. The terrain in our area covers a range of elevation. We live on the Pocono plateau or in the river valley. Define the highlighted terms. Terrain is the features or what the surface looks like (flat, rolling ridges, sand dunes ). A plateau is a large, raised, and extensive area of land that can stretch over many miles. The surface of a plateau can be flat or with hills and mountains.

26 Name: Date: Period: Objective: Populations and Abiotic Factors 3. Explain examples of how the local terrain impacts specialist species distribution : a. River floodplains: b. Elevation: c. Direction (N and S) and slope

27 Name: Date: Period: Objective: Populations and Abiotic Factors 3. Explain examples of how the local terrain impacts specialist species distribution : a. River floodplains: Fowler s toads and Virginia pine both require sand soil. b. Elevation: Snowshoe hares require specific plant foods found on the plateau. This species survives on the plateau where snow cover persists longer. c. Direction (N and S) and slope The drier conditions of the southeast facing slope provides warmer and drier soil for p-p cacti and warmer conditions for the five-lined skink and northern fence lizard.

28 Name: Period: Objective: Eco Levels, Taxonomy, and Habitat Review 1. Suppose you are conducting a study of the interactions of vegetation, animals, mineral composition of the soil, and water levels in a saltmarsh. Level of ecology: 2. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are classified in the. 3. Amphibians are sensitive to changes in the ozone layer. Why? 4. Brook trout can not survive warm water temperatures and/or when exposed to chemicals in the water. They have a narrow range of.

29 Objective: Eco Levels, Taxonomy, and Habitat Review 1. Suppose you are conducting a study of the interactions of vegetation, animals, mineral composition of the soil, and water levels in a saltmarsh. Ecosystem ecology 2. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are classified in the class vertebrates. 3. Amphibians are sensitive to changes in the ozone layer. Thin, permeable skin can not tolerate increase in UV ray exposure. 4. Brook trout can not survive warm water temperatures and/or when exposed to chemicals in the water. They have a narrow range of tolerance.

30 10/25/18 Objective: African Grassland 1. The savannah is an ecosystem and type of grassland biome. Explain the terms. 2. Cheetahs, gazelles, zebras are different populations made up of the same species. Explain the terms. 3. All the populations make up a community. What is a community? 4. Cheetahs are carnivores and predators. Lions are also carnivores, but also are scavengers. Explain the terms.

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32 2. Cheetahs, gazelles, zebras are different populations made up of the same species. Explain the terms. Population: Group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area Species: specific type, group of similar organisms that can interbreed, have common physical and genetic traits

33 3. All the populations make up a community. All the biotic components of an ecosystem, all the populations living in the same geographic area that interact with each other.

34 4. Cheetahs are carnivores and predators. Lions are also carnivores, but also are scavengers. carnivores: flesh eater, feed on other animals predators: carnivores or omnivores ( variety eater) that hunt and eat prey scavengers: carnivores or omnivores that eat carrion (the remains of dead organisms)

35 Name: Period: Objective: Classification/Ecological Levels Review 1. Binomial nomenclature: used in taxonomy. Explain the term binomial nomenclature. 2. Biome and ecosystem: describe the differences between the terms. 3. Community and population: describe the differences between the terms.

36 Date: Objective: Classification/Ecological Levels Review 1. Binomial nomenclature: used in taxonomy. The term means 2 name naming system. Every identified species is given a two part scientific name and classified in a domain, kingdom 2. Biome and ecosystem: Ecosystems are environments with in a biome. Biomes are a broader and more general type of environment. Example: Rainforests are a biome temperate, Amazon, and African rainforests are rainforest ecosystems. 3. Community and population: describe the differences between the terms.

37 Objective: Classification/Ecological Levels Review 2. Biome and ecosystem: Ecosystems are environments with in a biome. Biomes are a broader and more general type of environment. Example: Rainforests are a biome temperate, Amazon, and African rainforests are rainforest ecosystems. 3. Community and population: A community contains all the populations with in a geographic area. Populations are all the organisms of one species (specific type) with in a geographic area.

38 10/25/18 Objective: Basics of Ecology 1. All living things discovered by scientists are placed into categories. The system used is called. 2. Plateaus: describe what they are and how they can be different. 3. Ecosystem and community ecology: explain the difference.

39 10/25/18 Objective: Basics of Ecology 2. Plateaus: high elevations span multiple miles in each direction can be flat on top or have mountains, hills, and ridges on top 3. Ecosystem and community ecology: EE: study of community and interactions/adaptions to abiotic factors CE: study of populations and interactions with each other (focus only on biotic components)