Bulletin Zoologisch Museum

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1 Bulletin Zoologisch Museum 23 S3 VAN AMSTERDAM Vol. 3 no X-1973 A fourth Mediterranean Rhynchothorax and remarks on the genus (Pycnogonida) Franz Krapp Abstract pycnogonids known to share this unusual habitat A species Rhynchothorax, Rh. alcicornis nova are Nymphonella Ohshima, and some members the species, the fourth known from the Mediterranean large genus Anoplodactylus (A. arescusr:vide Du Sea, and the tenth in the genus is described. A new key to the species and a review the genus are provided; an attempt is made to arrange all species known into four different species groups. Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1959; A. tarsalis : vide Arnaud, 1973). Moreover, Rhynchothorax is one the tiniest pycnogonids known, a fact that is clearly correlated with its interstitial mode INTRODUCTION life in the adult phase. Early development and larval life are unknown. Curiously enough, almost Up to now, nine species Rhynchothorax Costa every newly discovered specimen adds to our have been described, as far as the present writer knowledge. Often it proves to be a new species or is aware. Three them, viz., mediterraneus at least it constitutes an extension the distributional area. It would be most interesting to Costa, l86l, voxorinus 1966, and anophthalmus Arnaud, 1972, were originally reported learn Rhynchothorax species from the Japanese from the Mediterranean Sea. Rh. mediterraneus is Sea. They probably exist, as there is an early known also from the Atlantic Ocean (Zilberberg, Tethys connection involved, and other pycnogonid 1963: partim = specimen 3, fide Fage & species indicate also a clear relationship 1966; Zago, 1970; Arnaud, 1972). Very probably between the Japanese and Mediterranean regions. Child & Hedgpeth (1971) were right in predicting: "There are probably many more species Rhynchothorax to be discovered ", since this We could substantiate Child & Hedgpeth's prediction even in a well-studied area as the Mediterranean, by finding a male specimen belonging to genus inhabits the mesopsanmon. The only other a new species.

2 120 Rhynchothorax alcicornis nova species 3 (fig. le) with subequal coxae, 1st with 3 apophyses, thickest, 2nd with reduced apophyses, Material: 1 6 (holotype) from Punta San Pancrazio, Ischia (Italy). Coarse sand with rather much detritus, 12 m deep, collected Ulrich Schiecke. by Three slides with microscopical right palp, right oviger, and left leg 3 have been deposited in the about as long as 1st, 3rd the shortest, without any protuberances. Femur and tibia subequal, continuously narrowing, each bearing dorsally a Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam under the reference long seta, those on the femur and 2nd tibia near no. ZMA Pa 201T- the distal extremity the article, that on tibia 1 a bit beyond the middle. All three articles Description: A small pycnogonid (abt. 1 mn total heavily beset with bosses, sometimes supporting length), body largest in first segment, tapering to fourth one. Segmentation lines present between setae, tibia 2 with only two setae on its ventral margin. Propodus long, slender, with only five segnents 1 and 2, as well as between 2 and 3, but spine-like setules on sole, the last two paired. lacking between segments 3 and 4. Dorsal ornamen- Dorsal surface with the same type setae. Ter- tation trunk not drawn, but very probably con- minal claw robust, auxiliaries half as long as stituted middorsal tubercles (the trunk with terminal claw and very slender. the remaining appendages was accidently destroyed Measurements in mm: when trying to draw it under the compound microscope: pushing the coverslide to a new position Leg 3 Palp was sufficient to squash the entire animal. Fortunately, the preparations were made before this coxa article coxa article brutal performance). Ocular tubercle reduced, no coxa article femur 0.26 article U 0.18 eyes. As in many other species, lateral processes tibia article armed with tubercles on rostral and caudal side tibia dorsal face, but their exact form not recorded. Proboscis with all three antimeres present, dorsal one well developed. Abdomen cylindrical, tarsus propodus principal claw 0.10 auxiliary claw 0.05 rather long, bearing excrescences on dorsal contour, extremity appearing bifid. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHOTHORAX DESCRIBED Chelifores present, uniartieulate and bacilliform, parallel, directed forwards. UP TO THE END OF 1972 Palp (fig. la) five articles, as long as proboscis. One single little terminal article, Stock gave the first key to the 5 species known which is heavily lobuled and incised like an up to Arnaud (1972) further elaborated this European elk's (American moose's) antlers, most to accomodate three more species described since. these lobules bearing setae. Penultimate Child & Hedgpeth (1971)» as well as the present segnent long, supporting a lobuled dorsal process, paper, each add one further species to our knowl- whose surface resembles that the last article. edge. It should be noted that Rh. australis Article 5 the shortest, article 2 the longest, Hodgson, 1907, too, possesses a 6-articulated basal one short and thickset; articles 1, and palp (vide Caiman 1915: 67, fig. 21, compare especially 2 and 4, bearing very apparent bosses, couplet 4a in Amaud's key). some which terminate in a seta. Oviger (fig. lb) 10-articulated, 4th article 1 a) Auxiliary claws present, dorsal antimere the longest. Articles 6 to 10 bearing compound (in brackets: simple) spines, according to the formula 1 : 4 : 4 : 3 ( 1). As usual, article 10 is enlarged and supporting a large, flattened claw fitting into corresponding notch. system well developed 2) labial b) Auxiliary claws absent, dorsal antimere labial system reduced 6) 2 a) Eyes and ocular tubercle (reduced orjabsent; uniarticulated chelifores present, rod-like; palp ending into one minute article 3) b) Eyes and ocular tubercle well developed; Legs with relatively robust coxae, chelifores lacking; palp ending into two minute articles 5) but tapering (in dorsal aspect) to very fine articles. Leg 3 a) Cephalic somite with anterolateral horns

- B 121... Rh. philopsammum Hedgpeth, 1951 b) Cephalic somite without anterolateral horns k) emendation regarding the number palp articles.

3 - B Rh. philopsammum Hedgpeth, 1951 b) Cephalic somite without anterolateral horns k) emendation regarding the number palp articles. The next group - 1» a) Last article palp strongly branched like has similar palp characters, but differs in lacking auxiliary claws and an elk's antler; 5 spines on sole propo- the dorsal proboscis antimere. It may be called dus 3rd leg; oviger spine formula 1 : U : 1» : 2 ( 1 simple), compound spines on 6th to 10th article (<î) 1Rh. alcicornis nov. spec. b) Last article palp simple; 8 spines on the malaccensis- group. At any rate it seems more specialized than the preceding group. It ccmprises at present Rh. malaccensis and barnardi. sole propodus 3rd leg; oviger with The mediterraneus- group, comprising the spe- formula 2 : 2 : 1 : 2 simple spines on 7th to 10th article (9) cies mediterraneus and unicornis, comes rather 1Rh. anophthalmus Arnaud, 1972 processes smooth, without any tubercles 5 a) Lateral Rh. australis Hodgson, 1907 b) Lateral processes bearing a single dorsal tubercle Rh. voxorinus 1966 c) Lateral processes bearing several large dorsal tubercles... Rh. articulatus a) Palpi 6-articulated, proboscis uneven or close to the malaccensis-group, with which it agrees in the lack the dorsal proboscis antimere and auxiliary claws, but differs from the malaccensis-group in possessing only 5 palp articles, it may be termed group C alternatively. rugose with tubercles 7) The most aberrant group seems to be the phi-. lopsammum-group. It appears to be independently b) Palpi 5-articulated, proboscis smooth or bearing horn a 8) 7 a) Fifth and 6th article palp with protruding, finger-like, spine-bearing processes.. Rh. malaccensis 1968 b) Fifth and 6th article palp simple, bearing spines without swollen bases jrh. barnardi Child & Hedgpeth, 1971 derived from a basal stock, like the australisgroup, from which it differs in the presumed loss the last palp article (less likely than an additional basal fusion took place). Its species 8 a) Ocular tubercle projected into a long, sa- agree with the australis-group in the presence gittal horn protruding anteriad to about halfway the proboscis; the latter is smooth; second article palp with short lateral expansion; ovigers in present 9; sole propodus bearing subequal hairs jrh. mediterraneus 1861 Costa, b) Ocular tubercle normal, without protraction; proboscis bearing a median horn; second article palp bearing an outgrowth as long as the article itself; ovigers lacking in 9; sole propodus with a series subequal hairs, but distally armed with a large spine near the insertion principal claw 1Rh. unicornis Fage & 1966 auxiliary claws and the dorsal proboscis antimere, but unlike the members that group they lost their while eyes, stunps chelifores still exist. This may be indicative the eyes being genetically not well fixed in the genetic complement, but the explanation persisting chelifores is much more difficult. In short this discussion characters is not intended to nourish speculation but to induce new research into morphology these little animals. In the tabular synopsis 12 characters are shown, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS only part which have been used in the key. Evidently, this is due to the emphasis on specif- Special thanks are due to Dr. Ulrich Schiecke, ic characters, instead corrmon ones. Prom the the collector the new species, who entrusted table, on the other hand, close correspondences all his Pycnogonida material to the author for resort: Rh. australis, voxorinus and articulatus treatment. Pr. Dr. Jan H. Stock very generously possess 6 palp articles, the two distalmost supplied his aid in many ways, which are minute, auxiliary claws are present, notably in brushing up the manuscript. In addition he helped with literature. as well as a dorsal proboscis antimere, chelifores are lacking altogether, eyes are present. Judging from the higher number palp articles REFERENCES and presence auxiliary claws, this group ARNAUD, Françoise, 19T2. Un nouveau pycnogonide seems- to demonstrate more or less primitive con- de Méditerranée nordoccidentale : Rhynchothorax ditions. The unit formed by these three species anophthalmus n. sp. et redécouverte de Rhynchothorax mediterraneus Costa, Téthys, 3. (2): may be termed australis -group or group A. It should be noted that australis does fit this diagnosis only if we admit Caiman's (1915) Pycnogonides des récifs coraliens de Madagascar, h. Colossendeidae, Phoxichilidiidae et Endeidae. Téthys, t 1»):

4 -, 122 CALMAN, W.T., Pycnogonida. British Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Expedition 1910, (Zool.) 3.: 1-71». CHILD, C.A. & J.W. HEDGPETH, Pycnogonida the Galapagos Islands. J. nat. Hist., 5: *. Beach and Vicinity, with California, descriptions two new species. Wasman J. Biol., (1): HODGSON, T.V., Pycnogonida. "Discovery" nation. Antarctic Exped., (Zool.) 3. ( 1 ) : 1-72, 10 COSTA, Microdoride mediterranei o O.G., descrizione de' poco ben conosciuti od affatto pis. STOCK, J.H., Sur quelques Pycnogonides de ignoti viventi minuti e microscopici: I-XVII 1-80 (Napoli). la région de Banyuls ( 1 B) : U07-U17. (3e note). Vie et Milieu, Jl. DOHRN, A., Die Pantopoden des Golfes von, Pycnogonida collected by the Gala- Neapel und der angrenzenden thea and Anton Bruun in the Indian and Pacific Meeresabschitte. Fauna Flora Golfes Neapel, 3: I-VIII Taf , XVII Oceans. Vid. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 131 : ZAGO, FAGE, L. & J.H. STOCK, Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la "Calypso", 27- Campagne de la Calypso aux Iles du Cap Vert (1959), 6. Marlene Sia Arcifa, Sobre o Pantopodo Rhynchothorax mediterraneus Costa, Contrçoes Inst, oceanogr. Univ. Sao Paulo, (Ocean. Pycnogonides. Ann. Inst, océanogr. Monaco, M : Biol.) 21: ZILBERBERG, Frida, Notes on Pantopoda. Bol. HEDGPETH J.W., Pycnogonids from Dillon Inst, oceanogr., Sao Paulo, _1_3 (2): Dr. Franz KRAPP Zoologisches Porschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig D 5300 Bonn Adenauerallee ^ Bundesrepublik Deutschland Received: 1 August 1973

5 123 number palp articles number small distal segments in palp auxiliary claws dorsal proboscis antimere eyes chelifores median horn lateral homs trunk articulations dorsomedial tubercles tubercles on lateral processes species-group 9 oviger present species, author, data A (1(5) 62 2 A (1(5) 62-3 A ( 1 inrnat.)62-2 B B C -(bud-like) 52 2 C D D (Id) 51-2D COSTA, 1861 Rhynchothorax TABULAR SYNOPSIS OF SOME CHARACTERS IN THE GENUS Child & Hedgpeth, 1971 barnardi 1968 malaccensis 1968 articulatus 1966 voxorinus Hodgson, 1907 australis nova species alcicornis Arnaud, 1972 anophthalmis Hedgpeth, 1951 philopsammum Fage & 1966 unicornis Costa, 1861 mediterraneus

6 124 Fig. 1. Rhynchothorax alcicornis nova species, holotype (ZMA Pa 2017). a) palp; b) oviger; c) leg 3. All to same scale.

UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Abstract. five representatives of this genus so far known. from the Mediterranean.

UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Abstract. five representatives of this genus so far known. from the Mediterranean. Beaufortia INSTITUTE OF TAXONOMIC ZOOLOGY (ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM) UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM Vol. 41, no. 1 October 22, 1990 The genus Rhynchothorax (Pycnogonida) in the Mediterranean Sea Françoise Arnaud & Franz