Dendroaspis polylepis breeding

Transcription

1 Dendroaspis polylepis breeding

2 Dendroaspis polylepis Family: Elapidae Genus: Dendroaspis Species: polylepis C.N.: Black mamba, Black mouthed mamba L.N.: Swart Mamba, Imamba, N zayo, Mama Taxonomy: Dendroaspis p. polylepis (Günther, 1864) Dendroaspis p. antinori (Welch, 1994)

3 Dendraspis antinorii (Peters, 1873) - from original description (Anseba, Eritrea) Northern Black Mamba

4 Distribution

5 * 2008, Durban (JAR)

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7 LD50: Venom 0.55 mg / kg sc ( mice ), Christensen and Anderson (1967) ( Ref : R ) mg / kg iv ( mice ), Irwin et al (1970) ( Ref : R ) mg / kg sc ( mice ), Minton (1974) ( Ref : R ). Western Kenya : ( to ) mg / kg ip ( mice ), Weinstein et al (1991) ( Ref : R ). LD50: Ophiophagus hannah: 1.80 mg / kg sc ( mice ), Broad et al (1979) ( Ref : R ) in Gopalakrishnakone and Chou (1990) ( Ref : R ).

8 Venom Venom components: Neurotoxins : Dendrotoxins (DTX) Dendroaspins (DNP) Specific clinical effects : Local effects pain and swelling only mild General systemic effects rapid onset, nausea, vomiting,... flaccid paralysis, ptosis, dysphagia, dysarthria,... respiratory paralisis Lethality: 100%

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10 Breeding

11 Mating

12 Laying eggs and one unfertilized egg 91x31 mm Gestation period 2013: 119 days Gestation period 2014: 93 days

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14 Incubation Vermiculite High humidity o C hatching hatching 58 cm, 32,2g Incubation: days

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20 Summary Breeding December January: dark, 18 o C Mating: February Gestation period: days Incubation period: o C, days

21 References Broad A.J., Sutherland S.K. and Coulter A.R. (1979 ). The lethality in mice of dangerous Australan and other snake venoms. Toxicon, Vol. 17, pp Eds P. Gopalakrishnakone and L. M. Chou (1990) Snakes of Medical Importance ( Asia-Pacific Region ). National University of Singapore, Singapore. Gunther A. (1865) List of the new species procured and described in the course of the year Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 3, Vol. 15, pp Broadley D.G. (1959) The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part 1. Snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 120(1), pp Sweeney R.C.H. (1961, 1971 Ed.) Snakes of Nyasaland. Asher A. and Co., Amsterdam. Pitman C.R.S. (1974) A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Revised Ed., Codicote, Wheldon and Wesley, Ltd. FitzSimons V.F.M. (1974) A field Guide to the Snakes of Southern Africa. Collins, London. Villiers A. (1975) Les Serpents de L'Ouest Africain. Universite de Dakar - Institut Fundamental D'Afrique Noire Les Nouvelles Editions Africains, pp Golay P. (1985) Checklist and Keys to the Terrestrial Proteroglyphs of the World ( Serpentes : Elapidae - Hydrophiidae). Elapsoidea, Geneva. Branch Bill (1988) Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Ed. Hawthorne T., New Holland ( Publishers ) Ltd, London. Warrell D.A. (1994) Clinical Toxicology of Snakebite in Africa and the Middle East / Arabian Peninsular. In : Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Eds. Meier J. and White J., CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. pp Spawls S. and Branch B. (1995) The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Natural History: Species Directory : Venoms and Snakebite. Blandford, London. Ineich I. (1999) Reptiles et amphibians de la Republique de Djibouti, Museum national dhistoire naturelle. 60 pp. Phelps T. (2002) A study of the black mamba ( Dendroaspis polylepis ) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with particular reference to long-term-refugia. Herpetological Bulletin, Vol. 80, pp Spawls S., Howell K., Drewes R. and Ashe J. (2002) A Fieldguide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London, U.K. and San Diego, California, U.S.A. Trape J.F. and Mane Y. (2004) Les serpents des environs de Bandafassi ( Senegal oriental ). Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr., Vol. 109, pp5-34. Trape J.F. and Mane Y. (2006) Guide des serpents dafrique occidentale. Savane et desert. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. Chirio L. and Ineich I. (2006) Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 55(1), pp Valenta, J. (2010) Venomous Snakes Envenoming, Therapy. Nova Science Publishers, New York Závada J., Valenta J., Kopecký O., Stach Z., Leden P. (2011) Black Mamba Dendroaspis Polylepis Bite: A Case Report. Prague Medical Report / Vol. 112 (2011) No. 4, p