Chapter 11: Echinoderms. Spiny-skinned Invertebrates
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1 Chapter 11: Echinoderms Spiny-skinned Invertebrates
2 Echinoderms Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata ( spiny skin ) Invertebrates Radial symmetry No body segmentation Includes: sea stars, sea urchin, brittle stars, sea cucumbers
3 Asteroidea: Sea Stars Class Asteroidea: sea stars/starfish Live on bottom in sub-tidal zone to the deep ocean. Have 5 (or multiples of 5) appendages (arms)
4 Sea Stars: Adaptations Limb regeneration: limbs lost in fights can regenerate. Spines on skin: attached to an endoskeleton (internal structure) Made of CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) Protection & support
5 Sea Stars: Respiration Skin gills & tube feet: breathe through skin and tube feet Oxygen in water enters through membrane of feet and skin Coelom (fluid-filled cavity) collects oxygenated water Ciliated cells circulate oxygen to body. CO 2 and waste exit body through tube feet and skin. Open circulatory system.
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7 Sea Stars: Feeding & Locomotion Arms: used for movement and to get food. Tube feet on ventral side have suction disks to cling to surfaces. Muscles in tube feet contract to control movements. Tube feet can be used to open bivalves. Feet will hold onto each shell of a clam and pull until adductor muscles tire out and open.
8 Sea Stars: Feeding & Locomotion Water vascular System: Network of water-filled tubes/canals Water enters at the sieve plate (on dorsal side) - madreporite Water passes down to circular ring and radiates out to canals in each arm Tube feet have ampullae that fill with water and contract foot to suction/cling for movement.
9 Sea Stars: Feeding & Locomotion Mouth: located on ventral side Stomach is pushed out through mouth to engulf food Digestive enzymes break down the food Digested food is brought back into mouth Nutrients are absorbed in sea star Waste is sent out through anus
10 Sea Stars: Response & Regeneration Sea stars are slow movers. watch?v=hphagydcelo Have slow response to stimuli. Eye spots: on each arm Detect light Electrical impulse is sent to nervous system and controls movement of arms
11 Sea Stars: Reproduction Sea stars have 2 sexes Look identical from outside Gonads are internal (in arms) Eggs, sperm are released into water External fertilization & development. Entire organism can grow from a severed limb (as long as the central disk remains)
12 Sea Star Wasting Syndrome You will be writing a SUMMARY of a video. During the video: Make brief notes on IMPORTANT POINTS of the news story. ( Include important people and names, locations. Write down any data that is mentioned. After the video: review your list of IMPORTANT POINTS and make sure you don t have any repeats. Put all of your IMPORTANT POINTS together into sentences and form a paragraph. Read through your summary and make sure it is coherent (makes sense). The summary should provide enough detail and information to fill someone in that is NOT going to watch the news story.
13 Echinoidea: Sea Urchins Found in intertidal, sub-tidal zones rocky coasts. Grazes on algae Spines are attached to the endoskeleton; protection from predators Endoskeleton is left behind after it dies common to find.
14 Echinoidea: Sand Dollar Looks like a large coin. Covered by thin, spiny skin. Oval disc left behind after it dies. Catches plankton in sticky strings beneath the spines.
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16 Ophiuroidea: Brittle Star Solitary Lives under rocks in the intertidal zone Found from the arctic to the tropics Also found on the deep sea floor (up to 800m deep) Long, flexible arms with muscles in them. Moves along sea floor quickly catches bits of food. Can regenerate missing limbs.
17 No endoskeleton No spines Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumber Small bony pieces in skin Tube feet are arranged in 5 rows Movement and feeding Sandy and rocky sea floors Intertidal, sub-tidal and deep areas. Sticky, branching tentacles around the mouth Used to trap bits of food; Retract (pull in) when disturbed
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