Bugs, Brook Trout, and Water Quality: How Are They Connected?
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1 Watershed Connections Lesson 5 Bugs, Brook Trout, and Water Quality: How Are They Connected?
2 What is a Macroinvertebrate? Large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Without a backbone: In = no vertebrate = backbone
3 Why are macroinvertebrates bioindicators of stream health? Spend up to one year in the stream Have little mobility Generally abundant Primary food source for many fish Good indicators of localized conditions
4 Collection & Identification of Macroinvertebrates
5 How to Collect Macroinvertebrates D frame nets, kick nets, sieves or leaf packs Identify and count numbers of each type Classify into specific tolerance groups
6 3 Categories of Stream Macroinvertebrates I. Group 1 pollution sensitive Ex. mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies II. Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Ex. scuds, dragonflies, damselflies III. Group 3 pollution tolerant Ex. aquatic worms, midge larva
7 Aquatic Pupae Terrestrial Winged Adults P Macroinvertebrate Life Cycle Aquatic Larvae Ex. Midge Eggs E Aquatic Eggs
8 10 Common Macroinvertebrate Orders: Ephemeroptera (Mayfly) Plecoptera (Stonefly) Trichoptera (Caddisfly) Megaloptera (Dobsonfly / Hellgrammite) Coleoptera (Aquatic Beetles) Diptera (True Flies) Odonata (Dragonfly & Damselfly) Pelecypoda (Clams) Gastropoda (Snails) Hemiptera (True Bugs)
9 Group 1 pollution sensitive Caddisflies (Trichoptera)
10 Group 1 pollution sensitive Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Very short antennae 3 pairs of legs each with 1 tarsal claw A pair of fleshy prolegs on last abdominal segment
11 Group 1 pollution sensitive Caddisflies (Trichoptera) 3mm 44mm
12 Group 1 pollution sensitive Caddisflies (Trichoptera)
13 Group 1 pollution sensitive Hellgrammites (Megaloptera) Large mandibles 2 10 cm in length 7 8 pairs of lateral filaments
14 Group 1 pollution sensitive Hellgrammites (Megaloptera)
15 Group 1 pollution sensitive Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
16 Group 1 pollution sensitive Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) Gills on most of the 7 abdominal segments Usually 3 tails
17 Group 1 pollution sensitive Stoneflies (Plecoptera) Auqatic Nymph Terrestrial Adult
18 Group 1 - pollution sensitive Stoneflies (Plecoptera) 2 tarsal claws 1 3 cm length 2 long filamentous tails
19 Group 1 - pollution sensitive Stoneflies (Plecoptera)
20 Group 1 pollution sensitive Water Penny
21 Group 1 pollution sensitive Gilled Snail Have an operculum or plate like door that protects the opening of the shell and can be quickly closed to avoid predators. Coiled shells that usually open on the right hand side.
22 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Alderflies (Megaloptera)
23 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Blackfly
24 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Adult Beetles (Coleoptera)
25 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Adult Beetles (Coleoptera) Shell like wings Chewing mouthparts
26 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Beetle larvae Chewing or biting mouthparts 3 Pairs of legs
27 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)
28 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) Distinctive antennae Large eyes 1 5 cm length Short antennae Large compound eyes
29 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Dragonflies Damselflies Slender body Stout body Three tails No tails
30 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Damselflies
31 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Dragonflies
32 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Common Net spinning Caddisfly 10 mm
33 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Crayfish
34 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Scuds.5 1 cm length
35 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Clams
36 Group 2 somewhat pollution tolerant Sow Bugs 8 2 cm length
37 Group 3 pollution tolerant True Bugs (Hemiptera) Wings hardened near the base and membranous everywhere else Adult beetles Tube like sucking mouthparts
38 Group 3 - pollution tolerant Water Striders, Backswimmers, Water Bugs (counterclockwise) Get oxygen from the air. Do not depend upon dissolved oxygen in the water.
39 Group 3 pollution tolerant Midges Up to 1.5 cm in length
40 Group 3 pollution tolerant Aquatic Worms (Oligochaeta) Note the segments!
41 Group 3 - pollution tolerant Leeches
42 Group 3 pollution tolerant Pouch Snails Do not have a plate-like covering over the shell opening Has shell that spirals with opening usually on your left side
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Observations From Nature
Observations From Nature May, 2012, part 1 Photographs by Joyce and Gary Kochert The Passionflowers (Passiflora incarnata) are in full bloom along our driveway. This one has a handsomely-colored wasp visiting.
Black flying insect with orange stripe
Black flying insect with orange stripe Index of the various bugs, insects and spiders that can fly.. Banded Net-Winged Beetle The intricately textured wings of the orange and black Banded Net-winged Beetle