Prepared March 9, 2016 for Audrey Elgin on behalf of Taco Report ID: 00BAN_1434MARS0000F

Transcription

1 Prepared March 9, 2016 for Audrey Elgin on behalf of Taco Report ID: 00BAN_1434MARS0000F Dr. Nicholas Sattelmaier Banfield Pet Hospital # SPRING MEADOWS DR, HOLLAND, OH Fax: (419)

2 Canine Genetic Analysis What to Expect We re excited to provide you this report about our findings of Taco s genetic heritage. You might confirm your suspicions or be surprised. Either way, you ll get a glimpse into your dog s heritage and find information that will help you care for Taco in insightful ways. Dr. Sattelmaier also received a detailed report including disease screening results that may impact Taco s health, as well as an individualized Optimum Wellness Plan map. This is designed to help provide the best quality of life working with Taco through Banfield Pet Hospital s unique preventive care model. This report includes: Taco s Geneology Breed Characteristics MDR1 Screening Results Genetic Heritage Optimum Wellness Plan: What s Next? Certification of Genetic Ancestry

3 Genealogy Taco s Ancestry Taco is a Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Chow Chow, Golden Retriever Mix! The Canine Genetic Analysis performs approximately seven million calculations using 11 models to predict the most likely combination of pure breeds and mixed breeds in the last three ancestral generations. This chart presents the best statistical result of the analysis: Siberian Husky Siberian Husky Golden Retriever (US Show) Siberian Husky Mixed Breed Alaskan Malamute Golden Retriever Mix Mixed Breed Chow Chow Alaskan Malamute Mix Chow Chow Mix Taco Siberian Husky / Golden Retriever Mix Alaskan Malamute / Chow Chow Mix 3 Mixed Breed

4 Genealogy A Note on Mixed Breeds A portion of Taco s ancestry was predicted to be mixed beyond three generations. It is difficult to identify strong individual breed signals in this mixed portion, so we have listed the genetic breed groups with the strongest statistical likelihood below. The genetic breed groups are listed by relative strength with the most likely at the top of the list. Example Breeds: Basset Hound, Beagle, Treeing Walker Coonhound, Bloodhound The herding group is a diverse category. These highly intelligent breeds were developed to guard and control the movement of livestock. Example Breeds: Australian Cattle Dog, Border Collie, German Shepherd Dog, Great Pyrenees Dogs of the Guard Group were bred to guard people and property. They are often quick to learn and these intelligent, capable animals make solid companions. Example Breeds: Boston Terrier, Boxer, Great Dane, American Staffordshire Terrier This genetic group was bred for hard work in mountainous regions. Characterized by their thick coats and sturdy, larger builds they quickly became the invaluable working companions of people in endurance activities such as drafting and hauling. Example Breeds: Bernese Mountain Dog, Saint Bernard, Leonberger, Newfoundland 4 Detection Threshold The most common ancestral trait of this group is being used for hunting. Some use acute powers of scent to follow a trail while others demonstrate the gift of stamina as they run down a quarry. Beyond these two common traits, however, generalizations about hounds are hard to come by as the group is comprised of a very diverse lot of breeds.

5 Breed Characteristics Siberian Husky Height: in Siberian Husky Weight (Show): lb Weight (Pet): lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: The Siberian Husky is an ancient breed that has a long history of helping mankind. The breed is believed to have started with the Chukchi tribe of Siberia, though various other tribes are occasionally credited with its development. The Siberian Husky has been used for a number of purposes throughout history, including herding of reindeer, pulling sleds and keeping children warm. This breed was made famous in 1925 when they were used to deliver diphtheria serum after a city was stricken by an epidemic. They were also used for transporting various other medications to the ill. The Siberian Husky found its way to America in 1909 and since that time the popularity of the breed has grown significantly. The Siberian Husky was not recognized by the American Kennel Club until Ironically, that is the same year in which the exportation of this breed was stopped by the Soviet government, who closed the borders of Siberia to external trade. The Siberian Husky breed standard permits any color, though the dog can be black, silver, or a variety of tans. These are generally shaded and mixed with white markings leading to varied wolfish markings on the head and muzzle. Blue or amber eyes are possible. Do you recognize any of these Siberian Husky traits in Taco? Active, social, and usually friendly dogs; often do well with children and other dogs. Siberian Huskies are energetic dogs and participate in dog sports such as sledding, skijoring (pulling a skier), and carting. Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by using reward-based training involving small treats and favorite toys. May engage in digging; might chase wildlife. 5

6 Breed Characteristics Alaskan Malamute Height: in Alaskan Malamute Weight (Show): lb Weight (Pet): lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: The Alaskan Malamute is an ancient breed that was named after a native tribe in Alaska. The tribe began breeding Alaskan Malamutes around 1000 BC and the breed is one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs in existence. During the period of 1909 through 1918, breeders experimented by breeding the Alaskan Malamute in crosses with other Arctic dogs. They hoped to produce an even stronger and more resilient breed that would be better equipped to survive in the hostile environment of the Arctic. In 1926, an effort to protect the bloodline was initiated and the American Kennel Club recognized the Alaskan Malamute in The Alaskan Malamute comes in a wide range of wolf-like shading and markings. These include black, sable and shadings of sable to red. These are always seen with white markings which generally lead from the underbody up across the face and legs. White is the only acceptable solid color. Do you recognize any of these Alaskan Malamute traits in Taco? Enjoy dog sports such as carting, sledding, agility, tracking, rally and competitive obedience; good companions for cross-country skiing. Reputation as a good family dog, but should be closely supervised around children to avoid accidental injury. Respond to motivational tools such as treats and favorite toys in reward-based obedience training which may be useful in reducing stubbornness. Intelligent, hard-working, active, and usually friendly dogs; can be stubborn. 6

7 Breed Characteristics Chow Chow Height: in Weight (Show): Chow Chow lb Weight (Pet): lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: The Chow Chow is a venerable breed dating back at least two thousand years. Many believe that the breed originated in China, but there is some evidence that indicates the Chow Chow actually migrated to China from Mongolia and Manchuria. While no one can say for sure from which breeds the Chow Chow has descended, it is believed that the breed has Tibetan mastiff and Samoyed in its bloodline. The Chow Chow served a dual purpose in China. Some were used for hunting while others were used to guard the sacred temples from evil entities. The East Indian Company brought the Chow Chow to England in 1781 and Queen Victoria received Chow Chows as a gift in During the 1880 s, the numbers of Chow Chows imported increased drastically. The Chow Chow is one of the oldest known breeds, recognized by the American Kennel Club in The Chow Chow comes in either rough or smooth coat, with the rough having a more fluffy appearance. The coat may have lighter shading and be one of five colors; black, blue, cinnamon, cream, and red, which varies from a light golden to a deep mahogany. The Chow is famous for its blue mottled tongue, and sometimes has a black mask. Do you recognize any of these Chow Chow traits in Taco? Reputation as a loyal family dog. Reserved and wary with strangers. Independent spirit, but responds to reward-based obedience training. May require socialization to reduce defensive aggressive tendencies. There have been reported incidents of Chow Chows being aggressive with other pets or people. 7

8 Breed Characteristics Golden Retriever Height: in Golden Retriever Weight (Show): lb Weight (Pet): lb Ears: Muzzle: Tail: Golden Retrievers are very popular dogs that can trace their lineage back to nineteenth century Scotland. They were bred as hunting dogs, used to locate and retrieve game from land and water. Initial efforts to breed the Golden Retriever were conducted by Sir Dudley Majoribanks, Lord of Tweedmouth, who spent twenty years secretly developing the breed. He began with a yellow dog from Brighton and an English retriever with a liver-colored curly coat called a Tweedwater Spaniel, now extinct. He later introduced Labrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Red Setters and Bloodhounds into the mix. The breed was accepted by the Kennel Club of England in 1903 as the Golden Flat Coat and they were first shown in an English dog show in Golden Retrievers were introduced to the United States in the late 1890 s and the name Golden Retriever was given to them in The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in The DNA detected from this breed is most similar to DNA sampled from American Kennel Club registered dogs. Golden Retrievers, like their name suggests are generally a rich golden color, which ranges from a light gold to a darker reddish gold. The coat and tail is feathered with paler creams though the dog is never white. The coat is dense enough to be textured though is neither short nor especially long. Do you recognize any of these Golden Retriever traits in Taco? Happy-go-lucky, calm, or easy-going dogs, although some can be energetic or nervous. Usually friendly and are generally good family dogs. Enjoys sports such as hunting, tracking, agility and retrieving items such as floating toys that use the breed s swimming ability. Quite food motivated, which may make it easier to teach the Golden Retriever to drop retrieved items not intended for play. 8

9 How Traits Are Inherited How Genetics Influence Breed Appearance and Behavior This report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breeds we ve detected in your dog s DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expression in specific dogs is complex. It s likely that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed in different ways some more subtle than others. An Example of Breed Expression in an Individual Dog We found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie is one-of-a-kind, certain aspects of Frankie s behavior and appearance indicate the influence of each of these breeds. Shetland Sheepdog Italian Greyhound Parson Russell Terrier Feathering Black Pigment The longer hair on the legs, tail and around the ears, is due to dominant modifier genes available from the Shetland Sheepdog. This coloring in the nose, eye rims, lips and pads on the feet is due to one copy of the black gene variant, available from all three ancestral breeds. Short Hair White Spotting This is due to a lack of pigment and is often found in the extremities (feet, chest, face, etc.), but can also extend over more of the body. It can be due to many genes including those found in the three ancestral breeds here. Brindle Coat Color The black and tan striping in Frankie s coat is a dominant trait coming from one copy of the brindle gene variant. This is available from the Italian Greyhound, Parson Russell Terrier and Shetland Sheepdog. 9 This is due to one copy of the gene variant from the Italian Greyhound or the Parson Russell Terrier that is dominant over the long coat gene from the Shetland Sheepdog.

10 MDR1 Results MDR1 Screening Results Condition Gene Mode of Inheritance Test Results Multi-Drug Sensitivity MDR1 Dominant Normal/Normal Please be sure to share these results with your veterinarian at your first opportunity. They may be critical to the health care of your dog. Test Results Analysis MDR1 Normal/Normal - These dogs have two copies of the normal MDR1 gene and do not have the MDR1 mutation. They will not pass on the mutation to their offspring. These dogs are not at increased risk for experiencing side effects from drugs that are pumped by P-glycoprotein. About MDR1 MDR1, or Multi-Drug Resistance-1 is a genetic mutation found in many of the herding breeds, some sighthound breeds and many mixed-breed dogs. The MDR1 gene is responsible for production of P-glycoprotein, which is a transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and distribution (particularly to the brain), and in enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in dogs. Some dogs, particularly herding breeds or mixed-breed dogs with herding breed ancestry have a mutation in the MDR1 gene that makes them defective in their ability to limit the absorption and distribution of many drugs. These dogs are also slower to eliminate drugs from the body that are transported by P-glycoprotein. As a result, dogs with the MDR1mutation may have severe adverse reactions to some common drugs, so it is important to test your dog and share your results with your veterinarian so they can provide your dog with for the best possible care. Origins of the Test The discovery of the mutation of the multi-drug resistant gene (MDR1) and its effects on multi-drug sensitivity in dogs was made by Washington State University. It is a patent-protected diagnostic test offered by Washington State University that has been licensed to Mars Veterinary for use in the Banfield Canine Genetic Analysis tests. In addition to the MDR1 genetic mutation screen, Taco was also tested for more than 90 other genetic health conditions. We have reported all the genetic marker findings including these MDR1 results to your veterinarian. If you have not already consulted with him or her, please be sure to schedule an appointment to find out more information regarding any potential health conditions and any additional health screenings that may be recommended. A full list of results can also be found by logging into your Banfield Client Account on Banfield.com. 10

11 Genetic Heritage Genetic Heritage Genetic heritage can affect Taco s appearance, behavior and health. We have provided some general information about the breeds detected in Taco in this report. The full medical report, including additional breed-specific genetic information about Taco, is available from your veterinarian. You should discuss any health related concerns with your veterinarian. The purpose of the Canine Genetic Analysis is to identify the genetic ancestry of your dog and to provide information to your veterinarian to help craft a personalized care plan to help you provide the best quality of life for Taco. How Canine Genetic Analysis Works The DNA extracted from Taco s cells was examined for over 3000 markers that are used in the test. These results were evaluated using a program designed to consider all possible pedigree trees from the last three generations, from a simple pedigree with a single breed (likely a pure bred) to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed. We use information from more than 200 breeds represented in our database to fill these potential pedigrees. Each of the millions of pedigrees are scored on how well it matches Taco s data. The pedigree with the best score is shown on the ancestry chart. Terms and Conditions Each dog is unique and its physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, including genetics, training, handling, and environment. Banfield Pet Hospital s proprietary Canine Genetic Analysis provides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have been identified in your dog, the predicted genetic adult weight range and breed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. A dog s weight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise. Canine Genetic Analysis is not intended to diagnose any disease, or predict behavior in any particular dog. In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history, predicted adult weight range or breed-related health risks, or if an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Banfield Pet Hospital, or related companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the payment actually received by Banfield for the individual specified analysis at issue. Canine Genetic Analysis is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic history of your dog s recent ancestry and no other purpose is intended, authorized or permitted. Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and laws that may require special handling or prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. The Canine Genetic Analysis is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal control officials to determine whether a particular breed is legislated or banned in a particular community. Nor is the Canine Genetic Analysis intended to be used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be used as a tool or resource in determining a dog s genetic history. Neither Banfield Pet Hospital nor any related company is responsible for compliance or notification regarding these matters. Banfield Pet Hospital continues to study the complexities of the canine genome, with the goal of continuing to add breeds and the ability to detect additional breed-related disease conditions to Canine Genetic Analysis in the future. If you have any questions about the results, please contact the hospital support team or call 888-K9-PET-TEST ( ). 11

12 Optimum Wellness Plan : What s Next? Optimum Wellness Plan Recommendation for Taco You and your veterinarian know your pet best. The Canine Genetic Analysis is important, but it is only one indicator your veterinarian will use in recommending the appropriate wellness plan level for next year. Talk to your veterinarian at your next comprehensive exam to discuss the Canine Genetic Analysis recommendation of Active Prevention Plan for next year. We know that the most common disease in dogs is dental disease. It affects 91% of dogs over the age of three. Like humans, dental disease has been associated with changes in liver, kidney and cardiac functions. Based on Taco s breed and age, we know that your pet would greatly benefit from a dental cleaning BEFORE these problems develop. Twice-yearly comprehensive physical exams include blood work. Your Banfield veterinarian will be able to establish baselines for Taco so we can watch for problems that might appear with age. Talk to your veterinarian for more detail about what is included in the Active Prevention Plan. Nutrition Weight and nutritional counseling are part of the comprehensive physical exam(s) included in every Optimum Wellness Plan. This will be especially important as Taco matures. Based on test results, we predict Taco s ideal weight range to be: Ideal Weight Range: lbs Dental Care The plan recommended for Taco includes an annual dental cleaning. Professional teeth cleaning prevents serious infection, tooth loss, pain and may reduce the potential for heart and kidney disease. We always thoroughly assess your dog s health before administering anesthesia for any dental procedure. Vaccinations Wellness plans protect your pet against a wide variety of diseases and infections with routinely recommended vaccinations to meet your dog s individual needs. Parasite Control Parasite control options can be added to any Optimum Wellness Plan to make it easy and affordable to protect your dog from fleas, heartworm and other parasites that can spread harmful diseases. Behavior We work closely with you and your pet from the very beginning to help develop behavior training plans. 12

13 We hereby certify that TACO Chow Chow Golden Retriever is genetically composed of the following canine breeds: Alaskan Malamute Dr. Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, DACVCP Mixed Breed Date: March 9, 2016 as determined by a Banfield Pet Hospital Canine Genetic Analysis of over 3000 unique DNA markers and a proprietary breed detection algorithm examining the last three generations of ancestry. Siberian Husky Signed: Research & Development Director Mars Veterinary