BASELINE SURVEY: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL

Transcription

1 DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS TO CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN INDIGENOUS LIVESTOCK & WILD RELATIVES BASELINE SURVEY: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Collaborating Institutions; FAnGR Asia Project Publication No: 2

2 Table of Contents Introduction... 1 a. Sampling... 1 b. Presentation... 2 c. Household definition... 2 d. Coding... 2 e. Roles and Responsibilities... 3 Logistics... 3 Data quality... 3 Role of the enumerators... 4 Ethics and rules of conduct... 4 Things you must do... 4 Things you must not do... 4 Description of the questionnaire General Household Characteristics Details about the household head Who is the farm owner Who is managing day to day farm activities Details about the farmers house Details of all household members Farm activities and facilities Land tenure and land use What is the total area of you farm How much of this land area do you own If you rent in land or sharecropping If you rent out land or sharecropping Do you use any community/ public land for grazing Cropping pattern Ownership of household and farm assets Livestock Inventory Does your household have any livestock Does the household keep chicken Does the household keep goat Does the household keep pig Breed preferences Chicken Goat Pig Production Type of production systems Production parameters Chicken Goat Pig Exits from the farm Entries to the farm Management Feeding practices Watering practices Animal health practices Animal health services in last 12 months Most frequent health problems Division of labour Taking care of the animals Hire of labour... 21

3 6. Reproduction and Breeding Main breeding strategies Main problems of breeding Costs related to breeding Marketing of livestock and livestock products Chicken Goat Pig Marketing general information Grading methods when selling Increase the amount of livestock/ livestock products Mode of payment and price determination Training and Skills Current sources of information Use and availability of livestock extension services Income and Livelihood Information regarding sources of information Total household monthly income Diet diversity Annexes Annex 1: List of technical terms Annex 2: List of diseases and symptoms Annex 3: Pictures of selected breeds Annex 4: Species and breed codes Annex 5: Household survey questionnaire.. 45 Annex 6: Data Base Manual....76

4 GEF Asia Baseline survey: House Hold Survey Manual Introduction a. Sampling This survey will follow a stratified random sampling method stratified by ownership of chicken, pig or goats and households randomly sampled within each category. In each village, the coordinator will first get the complete list of households and identify which households are owners of the stratified species. The second step is to, randomly (using table of random numbers) select the required number of owners and of nonowners of the stratified species. See below for the number of households in each category to be surveyed by village. Five replacement households will also be selected in each category (owners and non- owners) in case a household refuses to participate in the survey. A community leader, or someone else, will be tasked to inform the selected households in advance of the survey and make sure that they are willing and available for the interview e.g; In Sri Lanka because the PRA will be done before the household survey, this team including the site managers, will carry out the household census. The team will first get the full list of all households (as defined below) and identify which households are pig owners and which are chicken owners. A summary for each village (total number of households, number of households owning pigs, number of households owning chicken) will used to confirm if stratification is on pigs or chicken. They will then select the random sample of households (using a table of random numbers) from pig/chicken-owning and non-pig/chicken-owning households. Five replacement households will also be selected in each category in case a household refuses to participate in the survey. A separate document explains this more clearly for the PRA teams and the supervisor and national coordinator Sample size should be: Site Village Number of households with stratified species Number of households without stratified species Total number of households to survey Tirappane 1= Dematagama 30 (*15) = Labunoruwa 30 (*15) = Alagollawa 30 (*15) = Ooththupitiya 30 (*15) Sooriyawewa 1= Viharagala 30 (*15) = Vediwewa 30 (*15) = Beddewewa 30 (*15) = Weliwewa 30 (*15) * at least this number

5 b. Presentation BASELINE SURVEY It is important that the enumerator and supervisor establish good rapport with the person to be interviewed. Below is an example of introduction. Hello. My name is XXX and I come from the YYYY.. I came here to ask you a few questions related to your household, farm activities and livestock if you have any. This work is for research purposes, and the figures you will give me are confidential. This means that we will not publish the data with your name, or give out this information to someone else. Only average data for your village, for example, average land size or herd size, will be reported without reference to your particular household. Your community will indirectly benefit from this work, as we will be able to better understand your situation and what needs to be done- in relation to livestock. If you have any questions, don t hesitate to ask. If not, let s start. c. Household definition After introduction, the task is to define the household which will be interviewed. For this survey, a household is defined as followed: A household is a group of individuals, usually related, that conduct activities (farming and non-farming) together and pool their resources from their activities. They usually cook and eat together. Once the household has been defined, data to be filled in the questionnaire relate to all the individuals in this household. Example: one father with 3 married sons Option 1: the father and wife live with one of their son and his family. They cook and eat together and share resources. The father, his wife, their son and daughter-in-law and grand children constitute one household. When filling in the questionnaire, data on assets, crops, livestock and income etc.. are for these members. Option 2: the father and wife live with all their 3 sons and families, cooking and eating together and sharing resources. All of them (father, wife, 3 sons and daughters-in-law and all the grandchildren) constitute one household. When filling in the questionnaire, data on assets, crops, livestock and income etc.. are for these members- which means that if 2 sons for example work outside the farm, their salaries need to be added up in Table 9.1. d. Coding The code system is as follows: - 1 st digit indicates the type of survey: H for household and M for Market agent - 2 nd digit indicates the country: 1=Bangladesh, 2=Sri Lanka, 3=Vietnam, 4=Pakistan - 3 rd digit indicates the site: (see Annex 4) - 4 th digit indicates the village: (see Annex 4) - 5 th and 6 th digits indicate the household or market agent number (01, 02, 03 to 40). Replacement households will be coded Complete code is therefore a 6-digit code: ABCDEE A = Survey Type, B = Country, C = Site, D = Village, EE = Agent 2 P a g e

6 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL e.g.: The 14 th household in Beddewewa in Sooriyawewa in Sri Lanka is coded as: H22314 The 4 th market agent in Alagollawa in Tirappane in Sri Lanka is coded as M21304 e. Roles and responsibilities The enumerators and supervisors work in a team to achieve the objective of filling the agreed number of questionnaires; in the most efficient manner (time and resources) in a way to get very good quality data The survey coordinator/ supervisor is in charge of the overall operations. He/ She will: Logistics: Oversee the survey operations in all the sites and ensure that the survey program succeeds. Arrange for adequate transport, accommodation etc.. for the survey operations Attend to technical and administrative problems Report on the progress of the survey to the NPD Perform, as the situation will demand, any such duties that will facilitate as far as possible the smooth execution of the survey activities. Data quality: Lead the selection of the households to be surveyed Ensure that the required number of households is surveyed in each village and site Ensure that the unique identifier code is allocated to each household Lead and guide enumerators, ensuring that they are performing their work according to instructions. Review each questionnaire provided by the enumerators, check for any missing information or inconsistencies, and if need be, request the enumerator to go back to the farmer to complete the questionnaire Ensure that all questionnaires are properly edited, accounted for, batched and dispatched to the data entry office Take the GPS coordinates of each household, using the same code as the one used on the questionnaire Ensure that each person taking part in the survey under his supervision carries his/her full load of work and that all work is completed quickly and accurately as specified by this manual. Maintain cordial atmosphere in the team, and with the local communities 3 P a g e

7 BASELINE SURVEY The roles of the enumerators are to: Visit each household on their list (obtained from the supervisor) and conduct interview each selected household Ensure all questions are addressed and data obtained is of good quality Review the questionnaire with the supervisor and if need be, go back to the farmer to get additional information Provide the final questionnaire as neat as possible to the supervisor Maintain cordial atmosphere in the team, and with the local communities Ethics and rules of conduct of enumerators and supervisors As an interviewer, it is your responsibility to keep completely confidential anything you learn and observe during an interview. Never disclose any facts about anyone you interview to someone else. Respondents should be told that the information they provide will be used in statistical form only and that their names will not be associated with their answers when the data are analyzed. Things You Must Do You must read and intensively study your manual to become thoroughly familiar with its contents in order to do your work efficiently. You must introduce yourself on every visit and explain to the respondent the reason for your visit before starting the interview. You must ask the questions in exactly the same way to each respondent and in the same order in which they are presented in the questionnaire, since, if the interviews are to be comparable the question order needs to be standard from respondent to respondent. You must keep all information received completely confidential. You must make every effort to write legibly, and keep the documents you are working on clean and free from damage. You must attend to all `call-backs' as early as possible, and must be punctual in keeping all appointments made. You are solely responsible for all documents issued to you in connection with the survey, and you must ensure that they are secure at all times Things You Must Not Do You must not solicit or permit any unauthorized person to assist you with your work. No matter how intelligent they are, they will neither have had the training nor the authority to participate in interviewing. You must not combine with the survey work any canvassing for personal gains, religion, political party or any other organization. You should never become involved in religious or political discussions while you are on the job. 4 P a g e

8 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Description of the questionnaire First page: Fill in the required information related to the identification of the household; location, name of the household head and respondent, and position in the household. You need to interview the person who is in charge of the farm and livestock activities, and who has a good knowledge of the household activities in general. If this person is not available, re schedules the interview. If he/she is not available at all, interview the second most knowledgeable person in the household. Name of the enumerator and date are also recorded. The household identification code (6 digits) is filled by the supervisor. The GPS coordinates are also collected by the supervisor who will provides the values to the enumerator AND record (mark) the location of the household on the GPS unit using the same household code. Once the interview is completed, the supervisor and enumerator review the questionnaire together carefully, looking for incomplete tables or sections, or inconsistencies. If need be, the enumerator goes back to the household to collect additional information to allow him/her to complete the questionnaire. Indicate name of supervisor, and date of reviews. Codes are always located after the question or table, in a shaded box for easy identification. If the household is unable to answer (for example the production parameters), put an X. 5 P a g e

9 BASELINE SURVEY 1. General household characteristics 1.1. Provide the following details about the household head Make sure the details refer to the household head. If the head is the person being interviewed, this information refers to this person. If not, for example you interview the wife or the son; make sure you collect the information not for the person being interviewed but for the household head. Make sure you use codes when appropriate Who is the farm owner? [ ] 1.3. Who is managing day to day farm activities? [ ] For these 2 questions, use the codes which are located in the box below 1.3 In case of other member, put the code and write the relationship near the question. The term managing day-to-day farm activities means the person who is actually organizing the labor and resources for the activities, like the manager which may be different from the farm owner. For example, if the farm owner is an old man and his adult son makes the day-to-day decision regarding what crops to plant, where to send the animals for feeding, what to give them etc. e.g.: the person managing the farm is the head s niece. Use code 9 and write niece 1.4. Provide the following details about the farmer s house (code): In case there is more than one house, the information relates to the main house - where the head usually resides. For the number of rooms, ask the number of bedrooms and living room in the main house (don t include kitchen, bathroom and toilets and stores). When possible, use your own observations to fill in this table (e.g. construction type). For water we have both the water supply/source (answer using the codes below the table) and the water connection (whether their tap is connected with running water or not). In the absence of a tap in the homestead then the answer for water connection would be N/A = Not applicable Give details of all household members List all the household members, starting with the head on the first row. A person is considered a member of the household if s/he has spent at least 3 months in the homestead during the last 12 months (see example 1). Include domestic servants and laborers if they live (eat and sleep) there. 6 P a g e

10 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL The following categories of persons are treated as household members even though they have lived less than 3 months in the household during the last 12 months: - infants who are less than 6 months old, - a newly married couple who have been living together for less than 6 months, and, - Persons living together for less than three months but who are expected to live in the household permanently (or for long duration). Persons who have lived in the household for more than three months of the past 12 months but have permanently left the household (e.g. separated or dead) are not considered members of the household for this survey. A vegetarian is someone who does not eat meat or fish (does not include babies who have not started eating yet they would be considered to be the same as their mother, i.e. if she is not vegetarian then the baby is not vegetarian). Make sure you complete filling a row, using codes when applicable. If a person has more than 1 activity, fill in the 2 most important activities. Activity refers to what the person does in general and may not be an incomegenerating activity, for example going to school or being a housewife. Be careful about codes! See example 2. In the last column, indicate number of years of schooling. Example 1: A son lives overseas and sends money regularly to the family. He visits his parents once every 2 years for about 1 month. For this survey, he s not considered a member of the household; don t include him in this table. But make sure you capture the remittances he sent in section 9 on income sources! Example 2: For activity, a child below 5 is coded 11. For children of schooling age (between 5 and 15 approximately), either use code 10 if the child goes to school or 12 is s/he s not going to school. 7 P a g e

11 2.1. Land tenure and land use BASELINE SURVEY 2. Farm activities and facilities Specify the unit of land that is most convenient to use. The unit will be used throughout the survey when indicating areas. If you need to use another unit (code 5), specify the unit and the conversion factor into acre (or ha). The farmer may give different units for the answers below, in which case you should convert them to the standard unit given in 2.1 after the interview or when reviewing the questionnaire with the supervisor What is the total area of your farm? This is land used for farming: vegetable gardens, crop fields, grazing land, land under fodder and fish ponds. If possible, exclude the land where the house is. Put zero if the household does not own land (land less farmer). Include the land the farmer owns and uses (i.e. rented-in land), but exclude land that the farmer may rent out to other people. Use the unit defined in How much of this land area do you own? Indicate area that is owned, using the code defined in If you rent in land (or sharecropping) Indicate area that is rented in, using the code defined in 2.1; also indicate how much rent (or value of the harvests) is paid per year. If they give a non-monetary value, e.g. 3 bags of maize, you need to ensure you note down the unit size (e.g. size of bag of rice) and ask the household head, supervisor and/or key informants in the village the approximate value of the quantity (e.g. how much does a 50kg bag of rice sell for) If you rent out land (or sharecropping) Indicate area that is rented out, using the code defined in 2.1; also indicate how much rent (or value of the harvests) the household is paid per year. As above, try to quantify into local currency the value of the harvest that is paid Do you use any community/ public land for grazing Indicate if community or public land is used for grazing. 8 P a g e

12 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 2.2. Cropping Pattern This table records the crops grown on the household farm in the last 12 months, by season. Seasons are referred as spring and autumn, use local equivalents, making sure that the other enumerators use the same terms. e.g.; For Sri Lanka, the equivalent terms are; o light rains April to June (include in the table any crops grown in the following dry season of July to August) o heavy rains September to January (include in the table any crops grown in the following dry season of February to March) Fill in one crop per row and season, indicating the area (in the same units as defined in 2.1), the purpose of growing this crop and if/how fed to livestock (either as a fodder crop, or crop residues). Note that a crop can be grown in only one season or during the 2 seasons, and areas can differ. Example: The household grows rice, 0.1 acre during spring and 0.3 acre during autumn (code for area was defined in 2.1). The rice cultivated in spring is for home consumption and the one cultivated in autumn is for both home consumption and sale. Rice straws are fed to livestock throughout the year (2 seasons), to cattle and goat. Crops grown during spring Area Purpose Fed, to which species? Crops grown during autumn Area Fed, to which species? Purpose , , Ownership of Household and Farm Assets. Use code for who owns List all the assets owned by the different members of the household. Refer to Table 1.5., as to who is considered a member of the household. Indicate number owned and the owner, using codes. Code 3 refers to assets that are owned jointly by the household while code 8 to those owned by more than one person but not by all, see example. Make sure all major assets are included; if needed, indicate other assets under other, then specify the type of assets. Example; The household owns one radio, which belongs to the household as a whole; mobile phone belongs to the son and daughter-in law. Household assets Nos. Who owns Radio 1 3 Phone (mobile or land line) 1 8 (son and daughter in law) 9 P a g e

13 BASELINE SURVEY 3. Livestock Inventory 3.1. Does your household have any livestock? If the household doesn t own livestock (chicken, pig, cattle, etc ), go to section 9 on sources of income. If the household has livestock, fill in the table. Ask about number of animals owned, who owns them, reasons for rearing, and the number kept. If there s a difference between numbers owned and kept, ask the reasons. Number owned refer to animals the household own (either through purchase or gift, or born from own animals). Number of animals kept refers to the animals the household manages on a daily basis, this could be the same, less than or more than the animals owned (see example). Example; The household has 5 pigs on the farm; 3 are his own animals while 2 belongs to someone else, who gave these animals to this household following the traditional practice. The animals owned by the household, belongs to the household head that rears to sell them to the market when they are adult. Livestock Number owned Who owns them (code) Reasons for rearing (code -2 max) Number kept If no. kept different from no. owned, why? (code 2 max) Pig Does the household keep chicken? If the household keeps chicken, fill in the table. Otherwise, go to the next section. Fill one row per breed, using breed codes provided on a separate sheet. For each breed, record the number of animal kept in each category (cocks for breeding, for meat etc...) List of terms is provided at the end of this manual, please refer to it. In the second column, record the total number of animals and in the last column, the overall reasons for keeping this breed (2 reasons maximum). The number of animals for all the breeds should be the same as the number indicated in table 3.1 under number kept. 10 P a g e

14 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Dwarf Deshi and Naked neck. They have 1 Dwarf cock for meat and 2 Dwarf hens for meat. For Naked Neck, they have 1 hen which is brooding, 2 which are laying and 3 chicks. The Dwarf chickens are kept for meat while the Naked necks are kept for both meat and eggs. In total, they have 9 chickens. This total figure should always have been recorded in table 3.1 under chicken, number kept Breed code Total number kept Cocks Hens Growers Chicks Reasons for keeping 2 max breeding Meat Other, specify brooding Layers meat male Female pullet All , Does the household keep goat? Use the same system as for the chicken table and record the number of goat kept by the household, by breed (one row for each breed) and category (e.g. buck). The goat breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. Breeds code Total number kept Buck (Mature male goat) Wether (castrated male goat) Young male goat Doe (mature female goat) Kids (newly born goat) Reasons for keeping (code)- 2 max Does the household keep pig? Use the same system as for the chicken table and record the number of pigs kept by the household, by breed (one row for each breed) and category (e.g. boar). The pig breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. 11 P a g e

15 BASELINE SURVEY Breeds code Total number kept Hog (castrated male) Boar (mature male pig) Shoat (young male pig) Sow (mature female pig) Gilt (young female pig) Piglet (newly born pigs) Reasons of keeping (code)- 2 max 3.2. Breed preferences - only for chicken, goat and pig Chicken The table is only filled for households who keep chicken. First, list all the breeds the household keeps; add other chicken breeds that the household knows well (very good knowledge of the rearing of this breed, and characteristics). Try first to explain to the farmer the topic of the question and how you would like to capture his preferences for the different breeds for different types of characteristic. You can go through the list of traits one-by-one but try to ask the farmer whether he thinks the trait is important in an open way that makes it clear you only try to understand what he thinks. Refer to the list of terms at the end of this manual for an explanation of technical terms. If the term is important, put a 1 in the second column, and ask the respondent to rank the breeds according to this trait. See example for how to rank (if the respondent says two breeds are equal then they have the same rank, if a 3 rd breed is worse than the top 2 then it would have rank of 3). Ask for their overall preference (ranking): Which chicken breed do you prefer the best. 12 P a g e

16 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Dwarf Deshi and Naked neck. Age of first laying is not very important for them as they mainly rear chicken for meat. High growth rate is important and the Dwarf Deshi grows faster than the Nacked neck (rank 1 for Dwarf Deshi and 2 for Nacked neck). Quality of the meat is also important, and they rank the meat of the 2 breeds the same way (rank 1 for both). Disease resistance is very important, but they are unable to rank the 2 breeds (they just started keeping the Naked neck breed enter X for don t know). Overall, they prefer the Dwarf Deshi. Traits Is this trait important to you? 1= Yes, 0=No Age of first laying 0 Breed 1, indicate code: Breed 2, indicate code: High growth rate Quality of meat (taste, flavor..) Disease resistance 1 X X Overall ranking 1 2 Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4 indicate code: Goat Use the same system as for the chicken table. The goat breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. Traits Is this trait important to you? Breed 1, indicate code: Breed 2, indicate code: Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4 indicate code: Overall ranking Pig Use the same system as for the chicken table. The pig breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. Traits Is this trait important to you? Breed 1, indicate code: Breed 2, indicate code: Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4 indicate code: Overall ranking 13 P a g e

17 BASELINE SURVEY 4. Production- chicken, goat and pig only 4.1. Type of production systems Describe the production system, by species and breeds. Management system can change by season, use appropriate codes. For housing system, describe the system used during the day and then at night. If a specific housing structure is used, indicate the construction cost (in local currency) and the year it was built. If Construction built to house multiple breeds then divide cost by number of breeds and enter in each row Lastly, indicate whether the housing structure is used only for this breed/ species (code 0); if not, use the appropriate code. Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Dwarf Deshi and Naked neck. They also keep village pigs and village crossed with commercial pigs. Management system for the Dwarf Deshi chicken is semi-intensive throughout the year, free ranging during the day and in confined shed at night. The shed was built in 2005 for 2000 (LKR) and other ducks were also kept there. Management system for the Naked neck chicken is intensive during winter and rainy seasons and semi-intensive during spring and summer. Day and night, they are kept in a large cage, which was built in 2008 for 1000 LKR. Only naked neck chickens are kept there. Management system for the village and village crossed with commercial pigs is semi- intensive throughout the year; confined in fenced area during the day and in a confined shed at night. The shed was built in 2006 for 5000 LKR and both types of pigs are kept together. Animal type Breed code Spring/ light rains (Apr-Jun) Management system (code) during Summer / dry season (Jul- Aug) Rainy/ heavy rains (Sept- Jan) Winter / dry season (Feb- Mar) Housing system (code) day night Construction cost If specific housing, indicate When built (year) Used for other breed/ species? Chicken (ducks) Goat Pig P a g e

18 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 4.2. Production parameters Production parameters for chicken Fill a row for each chicken breed kept by the household. Use the breed code sheet. Refer to the list of terms at the end of this manual for the definition of technical terms. Provide average for the last 12 months, unless a different duration is specified in the table (e.g. no. of animals that died in the last 3 months). If the household doesn t know, put a X Production parameters for goat Use the same system as for the chicken table. The goat breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet Production parameters for pig Use the same system as for the chicken table. The pig breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet Exits from the farm, either through death or sale- for chicken, goat and pig only This section records exits for chicken, goat and pig. Exits refer to animals that died, were sold or given away. Period of reference is 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goat and pig. First ask whether the household had any chicken, goat or pig that died, were sold or given away in the last 3 (chicken) and 12 (goat & pig) months. If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. In the table, record each exit on a separate row. Start with the species code, breed, and then reason for exit, using codes provided. Indicate then the month and the number of animals that exited. Make sure that you fill a row for each event. 15 P a g e

19 BASELINE SURVEY Example: The household sold one Naked neck chicken and Deshi Long leg chicken in October You need to fill 1 st row for naked neck chicken and another for Long Leg, eventhough all the other information are the same. (Species, cause for exit, date and number). Species Breed (codes) Cause for exit MM/YY Number of animals slaughtered/ sold/ dead/ given away Chicken / /09 1 Goat Pig 4.4. Entries to the farm, either through birth or purchase- for chicken, goat and pig only Use the same system as for exits. Entries refer to animals that were born on the farm, were purchased, or received as gift. Make sure that you fill a row for each event. In case of purchase, fill in the entire row, making sure you provide the information in the last 5 columns (under if purchased ). Indicate total cost (of all animals in that row/event) in local currency. In other cases (not purchased), only fill the species, breed, type of entry, date and number of animal. Example: 3 Deshi Long leg (breed code 2), chicks were born in November In September 2009, the household got 1 Naked Neck (breed code 3) pullet from a relative as a gift. The household also bought 2 Deshi Long hens (breed code 2 ) in October 2009, at the market. Each hen was 150 LKR. They bought them from another farmer at the market, with the objective of increasing their flock size. If purchased, or given, specify Species Bree d Type of entry MM/YY Number of animals Anima l type Price (total ) From who m Where bought Reason for purchas e Chicken / / / Goat Pig 16 P a g e

20 5.1. Feeding practices HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 5. Management- chicken, goat and pig only Fill a row for each breed and feed type combination, which means that for each breed, fill in 1 row per feed type. If purchased, fill in the last 5 columns. If not, go to the next row. If purchased, costs refer to the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for pig. Costs are expressed in local currency. Obviously, there should be at least 1 row for each breed (as animals cannot survive without feed!) Example: Naked Neck (breed code 3) chicken are fed with kitchen waste all year long and food grains during rainy and winter seasons. These feed types are not purchased. The household purchases commercial concentrates all year long. In the last 3 months, they bought from the village shop 10 Kg of concentrates at 10 LKR per Kg. Own farm- feed type during If purchased- 3 last months for chicken and 12 Species Breed Spring/ light rains (Apr-Jun) Summer / dry season (Jul- Aug) Rainy/ heavy rains (Sept- Jan) Winter / dry season (Feb- Mar) Purchased? 1=Yes 0=No Chicken Goat months for pig Quantity unit Price/ unit where Pig 17 P a g e

21 5.2. Watering practices Fill one row by breed. BASELINE SURVEY Indicate how often water is provided, sources of water during the different seasons, and who collects the water, using appropriate codes. If any, indicate cost of water in the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goats and pigs. Costs are expressed in local currency Animal health practices Did you use animal health services in the last 12 months? First assess whether the household has used any animal health services in the last 12 months: traditional healer or quack, veterinarian, purchase of animal medicines etc. If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. For chicken, record the animal health services in the last 3 months, and 12 months for goat and pig. Fill one row per service defined as one purchase of medicines, a visit to the veterinarian or to the quack. Costs are in local currency. Example: XX pig got sick 5 months ago and the household was able to recognize the disease, although he doesn t know the name. He didn t ask for advice from anyone. He bought the medicines and gave it to the animals. The cost of the medicines was 150 LKR. Chicken Type of services For which breed? Who provided the service? Veterinary drugs Total costs in local currency Professional fees Goat Pig P a g e

22 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL What are the 2 most frequent animal health problems that affect your herd/ flock (list most important one first)? By species, list up to 2 most frequent animal health problems, or those that affect most the household herd or flock. If the household is able to give you the name of the disease, or if you are able to recognize the disease, fill in the row disease/ condition. If the farmer doesn t know and/or you are not sure of the disease, fill in the symptoms row. In doubt, fill in the symptoms row. Indicate which breed (or breeds) is more affected using the codes. Record the number of diseases events (how many times the herd/ flock was affected) in the last 12 months and whether the animal (s) died, survived or was slaughtered, using the provided codes. If vaccines are available for that disease, indicate if the household usually vaccinate against that disease Division of labour Who takes care of the animals? For each species, ask whether the household is engaged in that activity for a normal day like the day before the interview. If No, go to the next activity. If yes, ask who is primarily in charge ( main person ) and how much time s/he takes to perform this activity; record the duration in hour. If s/he spends less than 1 hour, for example 15 min, indicate Use approximations! If s/he gives you values which is not hours/day (e.g. I spend 1 hour per week) then note this down and convert to hours / day when reviewing the questionnaire with the supervisor. Use approximations! Use working hours as 8 hours / day or 40 hours / week (probably an underestimation but used as standard) Then, ask if someone else is also engaged in this activity. If no, go to the next row. If yes, ask the same questions as for the main person. Once you ve completed a row, go to the next one. 19 P a g e

23 BASELINE SURVEY Example: The household head s spouse (female) spends time tending the chickens. She prepares the food, feeds and waters the animals and estimates that in total she spends about 1 hour a day on these activities. Her son (12 years old) cleans out the chicken shed once a week and it takes him about 1 hour Type of activities Done? 1= Yes 0=No If Yes, fill in. If not, go to next activity Main person Chicken Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Egg collection Marketing of live animals Marketing of eggs Goat Grazing animal Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Milking Milk processing Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Marketing of live animals Marketing of livestock products e.g. meat, manure Pig Grazing animal Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Milking Milk processing Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Marketing of live animals Marketing of livestock products e.g. meat, manure No hours/ day Second person No hour s/ day 20 P a g e

24 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Does the household hire labour for chicken, goat or pig activities? Ask first if the household hires labour for activities related to chicken, goat or pig. A hired labourer is someone who is paid to work on the farm. If yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Fill in the table using one row per hired labourer. First indicate the name (1 st name, usually gender specific), then the unit in which s/he is paid using a code (day, week etc..). In the 3 rd column, indicate the wage (or salaries) per unit, in local currency. Indicate for how long the person has worked ( how many units ) in the last 12 months. You may need to convert the wages from what the farmer tells you to per unit. Indicate the percentage of time s/he spent on chicken, goat and pig (i.e. time spent on chicken, goat and pig separately, divided by the total time spent working on the farm) approximate calculations are OK. Indicate whether meal or lodging is provided by the household (on top of the salaries paid). As with previous table you may need to note down all the information and then make the conversion calculations during review of the questionnaire Example: The household hired 2 persons in the last 12 months, one takes care of the pig, the other one helped with the activities related to chicken farming. Tana is a full time employee and is paid 4,000 LKR a month. In a normal working day of 6 hours, he spends about 2 hours taking care of the animals (about 33%). He lives with the household, and gets lodging and meals. Igob was employed for about 4 weeks. He was paid 500 LKR per week, working about half of his time (50%) on chicken. He was not given meals or lodging. Name Unit code Wages (salaries ) per unit How many units in the last 12 months? % time spent on chicken or pig Lodging and meals provided? (1=Yes, 0= No) Tana Igob P a g e

25 BASELINE SURVEY 6. Reproduction and breeding 6.1. What are the main Breeding Strategies you follow, fill the information First fill the breeds of chicken, goat and pig kept by the household in the first row, using the codes provided on the separate sheet. Discuss the breeding strategy for each breed (one column per breed) and record the information using the codes provided. The first question relates to whether the breeding method is controlled (someone makes a decision regarding which male and/or female are used for breeding) or uncontrolled (no decision making). If natural breeding (i.e. not artificial insemination), state the reasons for using this method, using codes. In the next rows, record the source of breeding males, then breeding females. Also record who takes decision related to breeding. If the household uses natural and controlled breeding, state the objective of using this method ( objective of controlling ), then the method ( how do you control ). For pig, ask the number of conceptions during the past one year (12 months), per female. For the 2 species, indicate the age (in years) when the breeding male is replaced (i.e. he s no used anymore for breeding), and the reasons. Once you finished filling in the information for one breed, ask the same question for the other breed(s). Then, continue with the next species. Note that technical terms are explained in Annex below. If the household is unable to give you an answer, put X in the cell they could not answer. Example: The household keeps two breeds of pig, the XX(breed code 1) and the ZZ (breed code 3). The XX pigs can roam freely and no one is able to control breeding. This method is used because it s the only one available. The household uses own females, but for males, either from own herd or from neighbor s herd is used. On average, the females conceive twice (2) per year. Usually, breeding males are replaced at around 5 years because younger and better males replace the old ones. The ZZ pigs are kept in the shed and the household head is keen in getting better looking animals by choosing the male to mate this female. For the last breeding, he used one of his neighbors boars as the boar has most of the characteristics he s looking for in that breed. He s using his own females. Natural mating is the only method he knows and that is available. On average, the females conceive twice (2) per year. He doesn t know when he will replace the breeding boar as he hasn t reared ZZ for a long time. 22 P a g e

26 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Chicken Goat Pig Breed code 1 3 Breeding method 1 2 If natural breeding, reasons for using it 2 2 Source of breeding males 1, 2 3 Source of breeding females 1 1 Who makes decisions on breeding males? If natural and controlled breeding, objective of controlling If natural and controlled breeding, how do you control? For goat/ pig, total number of conceptions during past one year (per female) Age when breeding male is replaced (years) Reasons for replacing the breeding male (code) X 3 X 6.2. List down the 3 main problems of breeding for each species (breed wise) Start filling in the table by writing the breed codes for the breeds kept by the household (in the first column). Ask the problems or challenges related to breeding. It is likely that the discussion you had with the respondent to fill table 6.1 provided you with some information. To identify and rank the problems, you may summarize this discussion and clarify some points. In the Problem 1 column, indicate the most important problem; in the Problem 2 column, the second most important problem, etc.. Once you have finished with one breed, follow the same method for the other breed(s), then species. Example: some households as the one described in 6.1. The discussion could be as follows: For the XX, you told me that you are unable to control breeding. Is this a problem?. Do you have any other problems regarding breeding of your XX. 23 P a g e

27 BASELINE SURVEY The respondent would answer: the fact that I can t control the reproduction of my XX pigs is not a problem to me. You would then say: what about your ZZ pigs? What are the problems related to breeding practices? Do you find easily a boar for your females? The answer may be: for my ZZ, my major problem is indeed to find a boar for my females as good quality breeding males are not widely available. My other problem is to control breeding, as sometimes another male (than the one I had planned) mates with my females. Breed Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Chicken Goat Pig Do you have any costs related to breeding? First, ask whether the household had any costs related to breeding services in the last 12 months? If yes, put 1 in the box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. If yes, ask for which species and breeds and fill in the first 2 columns using codes listed on the separate sheet. Then, enquire about the type of service (natural or AI) using codes. Fill in one row by breed and type of service. Fill in average cost by service (in local currency), the number of females served in the last 12 months using this service. In the last column, fill in the total expenses (costs) for that species, breed and type of service in the last 12 months. Note that the total costs may be higher than cost/unit multiplied by number of females served as the household may have had to pay for repeats (on the same animal). Express total costs in local currency, ensuring that these costs refer to the last 12 months. 24 P a g e

28 7.1. Chicken Do you sell chicken? HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 7. Marketing of livestock and livestock products of chicken, goats and pigs If the household sold chicken in the last 3 months, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. Fill one row by sale (same breed, animal type, buyer, location, reason for sale, whether other services were provided, who sold and who got the money from the sale). Only include sales in the last 3 months. Price and weight should be expressed per animal. Prices are in local currency. Example: The spouse of the household head sold one Deshi Long Leg (breed code 2) adult male chicken (1.00 Kg) and three Naked Neck (breed code 3) chicks (0.25Kg), one month ago for emergency cash requirement for health treatment. The animals were sold to a trader at the farm gate. She didn t get any free advice or service from the buyer. Price was 280LKR. For the adult male chicken and 25 LKR per chick. Although she s the one sold the animals, she gave the money to her father-in law. Compared to other periods, the sale during the last 3 months was higher than the yearly average. Breed Animal type Number of chicken sold Price per animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money father in law father in law 25 P a g e

29 BASELINE SURVEY Do you sell eggs? If yes, fill the table regarding sale of eggs in the last 3 months. If no, go directly to next section. Fill the information carefully and use appropriate code. Price is per egg and should be expressed in local currency. Example: A household keeps Deshi Long Leg laying hens and they sell 4 eggs per 3LKR per egg to a trader at the farm gate. They sell eggs every week (so about 12 weeks in the last 3 months). The household head gets the money as a regular income source and he doesn t get any free advice or service from the buyer Breed Number of eggs sold per week How many weeks in the last 3 months? Price/ egg (local currency) To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money Do you sell any other products from chicken? Ask whether the household sells other products from chicken, for example chicken waste. If yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Fill in the table for sales in the last 3 months. Fill one row by sale. Total revenues are expressed in local currency. 26 P a g e

30 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 7.2. Goat Do you sell goat? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of live goats in the last 12 months. Fill one row by sale (same breed, animal type, buyer, location, reason for sale, whether other services were provided, who sold and who got the money from the sale). Only include sales in the last 12 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Example: The household head sold one black Bengal female goat 2000 TK. At the market to a trader. The household needed money for son s wedding. The household usually sells their animals to this trader, who provides them with a reliable market. The household head got the money. Breed Animal type Number of goats sold Price per animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? wedding Who sold Who got the money Do you sell goat milk or milk products, or other goat products? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of goat milk or other goat products in the last 12 months. Total revenues from sale refer to the revenues in the last 12 months- you may need to ask the farmer whether s/he sells every week, then how many weeks per year. Revenues should be expressed in local currency. 27 P a g e

31 BASELINE SURVEY 7.3. Pig Do you sell pig? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of live pigs in the last 12 months. Fill one row per sale (same breed, animal type, buyer, location, reason for sale, whether other services were provided, who sold and who got the money from the sale). Only include sales in the last 12 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Example: The household head sold one XX female pig 2000 LKR, at the market to a trader. The household needed money for son s wedding. The household usually sells their animals to this trader, who provides them with a reliable market. The household head got the money. Breed Animal type Number of goats sold Price per animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? wedding Who sold Who got the money Do you sell pig meat and other pig products? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of pig products in the last 12 months. Total revenues from sale refer to the revenues in the last 12 months. Revenues should be expressed in local currency. 28 P a g e

32 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 7.4. Marketing- general information Do you have any grading method when selling? Grading refers to a method used to assess the weight, size or quality of the products being sold. If the household uses such method, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Each row in the table should correspond to a grading mechanism being used on a specific product (product- breed- species combination). Example: The household uses weighting scales at the market when selling long leg (breed code 2) chicks. The method has been set up by the farmers association and the household uses it for the last 5 years for all the sales of chicks. Species Breed Products Grading mechanisms used When do you use it? chicks 1 4- when selling chicks Any external involvement? Since when do you use it? (year) Do you plan to increase the amount of some or all livestock/ livestock products? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table by providing details on the species, breed and products they plan to increase. Ask for the reasons for wanting to produce or sell more, and the method (how they will do it). For the reasons, make sure you get reasons similar to the ones listed in the codes, as explained in the example. Example: The household would like to produce more eggs for the market, using Naked Neck chicken. When asked the reason, the household head answered that they need to get more money from this enterprise. You then need to ask why the household plans to invest into Nacked Neck chicken for higher egg production, and why not, for example, putting more efforts into vegetables growing or pig rearing. The household then explained that they have noted that there s an increasing demand for Naked Neck eggs and the price is increasing. They will achieve their objective by feeding better their animals and better breeding. Species Breed Products Reasons for wanting to produce or sell more How will you achieve it? (3 max) ,4 2,4 If the household answers that they re not willing to increase their production, ask reasons. Provide up to 3 reasons- listing most important reason first. Example: The household doesn t want to increase his pig or chicken activity as they now focus on cattle rearing which is more profitable. Also, there s no market for chicken or pig products. If no, why? [ ] [ ] [ ] (3 top reasons, ranked) 29 P a g e

33 BASELINE SURVEY Mode of payment and price determination Is there any occasion when you re not paid cash? First ask whether there are instances when they re not paid cash. If Yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next question. Each row corresponds to a situation when the household is not paid cash. Provide details on species, breed, products, mode of payment and buyer. Example: The household sells regularly Deshi chicken to a trader. He often gives them cash advance, which are repaid on the following sales. Species Breed Products Mode of payment Who s the buyer? Is there any occasion when price is not paid on prevailing market price? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go the next section. Example: The household had to sell a XX pigs because of urgent cash need. They had no choice but to sell to the butcher. The butcher set up the price Species Breed Products Price determination Who s the buyer? P a g e

34 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 8. Training and skills 8.1. What are the current sources of getting information about the breeding, feeding, production, marketing and any other schemes and techniques? Fill in the first row the breeds of chicken and pig kept by the household. For each species and breed kept, fill in the current sources of information, then the sources they like or prefer (it may be the same as the current ones, or other sources). Finally, fill in the type of training the household would need. Have you (or any other member of the household) received any training in the last 5 years Ask whether a household member received any training in the last 5 years. If yes, fill in the table; if not, go to the next question. To fill in the table, indicate year when training was received, who attended it (use the household member code from 1.3, e.g. 1 for household head, 2 for the second person listed on this table, etc..), the institution which gave the training, training content and duration. Ask whether the person benefited from the training (i.e. was it useful, did the person learn something?) and whether the person applied the training. If the person did not benefit and/or applied, ask why (last column). Example: in the last 5 years, 2 household members attended training. Two years ago, the household head attended some training from the Min of Agriculture on production in general. The training lasted 3 days and the household head learned a lot. However, he never applied the techniques he was taught as they need expensive inputs he can t afford. His wife (2 nd person listed in 1.5) attended 2 trainings. The first one is 2006 was provided by the NGO XXX on leadership skills. It lasted 5 days and she learned a lot about setting up and running women s groups. She applied these skills the year after when the village women started a women s group. Her second training was in 2008; it was organized by a development project called ZZZ. The training was about business management, and although she learned some tricks about running a business, she never had the chance to apply them as the training was not practical. The training lasted 2 days. When (year) Who attended the training From which organization/ institute- name Training content How long (days) Have you benefited (Yes=1, No=0) Have applied this training (Yes=1/ No=0) Min of Agri NGO XXX Project ZZZ If not benefited, or not applied why? code 31 P a g e

35 BASELINE SURVEY 8.2. Indicate the use and availability of livestock extension services Indicate in the table below whether extension services from the different providers are available in the area. If yes, ask whether the household is using it and indicate the number of visits in the last 12 months, as well as the cost. Note that a service can be accessible, but not used by the household. Example: In the village and neighboring villages, extension services are provided by an NGO and also a farmers group. There s no other source of extension services in the area. The household doesn t use the services of the farmers group but is using the NGO services. In the last 12 months, they met 3 times and the service is free Livestock extension service providers Accessible in your area? 1= Yes 0=No If yes, number of visits in last 12 months Government 0 0 Cost in local currency/ year (put 0 if free) Project or NGO s Private Practitioners 0 0 Cooperative/ farmer group 1 0 Others specify: P a g e

36 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 9. Income and Livelihood 9.1. Indicate in the table below information regarding sources of income. Go down the list and tick the sources of income (cash or monetary) available to the household. From the discussion so far, we have a good idea of the sources, but make sure we get any other you may have missed (e.g. sale of fish). For those you have ticked, assess the income in local currency in the last 1 year; if you cannot get this information, either because the household is unable or unwilling to give you the information, rank the various sources (1 for most important one, 2 for second one, etc..). For each of the ticked sources, indicate change of income over the last 5 years, using codes, and who is in control of that income (using codes). Pension is forms of payment made to retired people after they have been working. Payment such as dole (Older needy people Sri Lanka) and Samurdhi (Poverty alleviation grants to households- Sri Lanka) comes under Other. Make sure you include the incomes of all household members listed in section 1.5. Example: The household has 4 sources of income: sale of livestock, salaries (wage income), remittances from a son living abroad and sale of fish. After some discussion, you find out that income from sale of livestock is 15,000 LKR a year; wages amount to 3,000 LKR per month (so 36,000 LKR per year); their son sends them 10,000 twicw a year; and sale of fish is less regular but they get about 1,000 a month (12,000 a year). You easily deduct the ranks. Income from sale of livestock and fish are constant, while wages and remittances are increasing. The household head controls all the income sources, except wages- it s the son s salary and he controls it Main sources of income Food grain/ crops/vegetable Fruits Livestock and livestock product Tick if relevant rank X 3 Income last year (local currency) 15,000 Change in income over the last 5 year Main control over income Forest products( herb/ medicinal plant/timber) Land rent Wage income X 1 36, Business-shop, trade etc Service Remittance X 2 20, Pension Other sale of fish X 4 12, P a g e

37 BASELINE SURVEY 9.2. In which of the following categories do you estimate your total monthly household income, from all farm activities, working members, business income, pensions and remittances from elsewhere: [ ] Ask the household to assess their total monthly income- from all sources and all household members. Although you can deduct it from the 9.1, ask the household - we will use the data to validate the figures in 9.1. The categories for the codes are approximately: 1= below USD 30/ month, 2= between USD 30 and USD 60/ month; 3= between USD 60 and USD 120/ month, 4= between USD 120 and USD 240/ month, 5= above USD 240/month 9.3. Diet diversity: What was the consumption level of the following food items? If possible, ask the wife, or another woman who prepares the meal, to answer these questions. For this question, try interviewing the wife or another woman in the household as the data will be more reliable. Start asking the food items they ate the day before the interview, and ask how many times the item was consumed in the last week. Assess whether last week consumption level was average, higher or lower (use codes). Once you re through with the food items they consumed the day before, go through the list and see if there s any other food item they consumed in the last 1 week. If yes, ask number of times and level of consumption. If food only for baby (e.g. milk), write baby next to the consumption level. Example: The household consumed rice, dry fish, vegetables and fruits the day before the interview. They consume rice and vegetables twice a day, while fish is consumed once a day. Fruits are consumed about 4 times a week. They also take tea once a day. These levels of consumption are usual. Once a week, they also consumes chicken and milk (one serving per week), and this is below usual. Going through the list, there are no other food items the household consumed last week. Food Items How many times consumed last week? Was level of consumption last week regular/ usual (code) Beef Goat meat Poultry 1 1 Fresh water fish 34 P a g e

38 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Sea water fish Dry fish 7 2 Mutton Pig meat (pork) Any other meat (specify) Milk 1 1 Eggs Wheat flour Rice 14 2 Maize Maize flour Other cereals Edible oils Sugar Salt Tea 7 2 Beans, pulses, Roots, tubers Vegetables 14 2 Fruits 4 2 Other (specify) Other (specify) It s the end of the interview. Thank the respondent and ask whether they have any questions. If yes, try to answer. If you re unable to answer, tell them that you will consult your supervisor and that you will get back to them. Make sure you keep to your promise! As soon as possible, answer questions in section 10, date and sign. 35 P a g e

39 BASELINE SURVEY Annex 1: list of technical terms Technical term Description Local term Description 1. Age of first laying 2. Age of maturity 3. AI (Artificial insemination) When the hen starts laying 4. Boar Mature male pig 5. Breeding methods 6. Broodiness The age of the animals in which he/she is able to reproduce Injection of semen artificially with the help of AI gun to a female animal The methods use for mating 7. Carcass weight Weight of meat Is a behavior of chicken to sit on the eggs for hatching 8. Chicks New born male and female chicken 9. Clutch Period of laying eggs 10. Clutching period Egg laying time in each clutch 11. Cock Adult Male chicken 12. Comb Growth on top of the head 13. Commercial concentrate Whole or milled grain or bran (from rice/wheat) or cake (from cotton, coconut, gingelly) or already mixed (layer/broiler/grower mash or pellets) 14. Conception rate Number of matings needed before conception 15. Confined fences confined by fencing 16. Controlled breeding When someone decides which animals are allowed to mate with which one 17. Culling Removing the animal from the herd or flock because of old age etc. 18. Docile Easy to handle and not aggressive 19. Dressing percentage 20. Extensive Only grazing 21. Farrowing Giving birth in pig 22. Farrowing interval The percentage of the meat after removing the intestine, skin, head and legs Interval between two farrowing (i.e. between two birthing events) 23. Fodder (green) A crop planted specifically to feed to animals 36 P a g e

40 Annex 1: List of Technical Terms Technical term Description Local term Description 24. Free range When the animals are not confined and are free to move anywhere 25. Gestation period Pregnancy period 26. Gilt Young female pig 27. Growers The male and female chicken 28. Hen Adult Female chicken 29. Hog Castrated pig male 30. Inbreeding Mating between the close relatives i.e. brother-sister mating 31. Intensive Only stall feeding no grazing 32. Litter size No of piglets at one birth 33. Maternal behavior Ability to take care of off spring 34. Paddock Area in which animal are restricted 35. Pension 36. Piglets Newly born pigs Payment to people after they retire from working 37. Pullet Young female chicken 38. Remittance Money or goods sent to the household from someone outside (e.g. son sending home money from his job abroad) 39. Semi-intensive Combination of stall feeding and grazing 40. Shank Thigh of the chicken 41. Shoat Young male pig 42. Sow Mature female pig 43. Uncontrolled breeding When animals have the choice to mate with any others they want 44. Weaning Separation of offspring from mother 37 P a g e

41 BASELINE SURVEY Annex 2: List of Diseases and Symptoms Name of the disease Symptoms Local term Symptoms Chicken 1. Avian Influenza 1. Coughing, sneezing 2. Diarrhoea, edema of head and face 2. Coccidiosis 1. Dehydration often accompanies the diarrhoea 2. Followed ruffled feathers, anaemia, weakness and retraction of head 3. Fowl cholera 1. Nasal and oral discharges of mucus and watery and green mucoid diarrhoea 2. Swelling of the joints wattle and foot pad 4. Infectious Bursal disease (Gumbro) 1. Vent picking 2. Dispersion, anorexia, ruffled feathers and droopy appearance 5. New castle 1. Egg production stops in a few days 2. Low quality and soft shelled roughed and deformed eggs 3. Tremors, twisting head and neck and circling 4. Abnormal position of head and neck is common in young ones 6. Pullorum 1. White diarrhoea 2. High mortality in young birds 7. Infectious bronchitis 1. Decrease egg production 2. Highly contagious and respiratory problems Goat 1. Anthrax 1. Increased body temperature 2. High respiration and pulse rate 3. Discharge of blood from the died animals mouth, nose and anus 2. Bronchitis 1. Nasal discharge 2. Swift and depth respiration rate 3. High body temperature and loss of appetite 3. Dysentery 1. Bloody diarrhea 2. Lack of skin glossiness and lack of appetite 4. Goat pox 1. Body temperature increased 2. Sore present around the mouth and tongue 5. Parasitic worm 1. Dehydration 2. Drowsiness, and weakness 38 P a g e

42 Annex 2: List of Diseases & Symptoms 6. Enterotoxaemia 1. Watery diarrhoea 2. Wobbly gait and depression 7. PPR 1. Nasal discharge, pneumonia 2. Foul smelling diarrhoea 8. Dermatitis 1. Skin lesions 2. Causes scraps on skin and lay out of blood 1. Classical swine fever 1. Nasal secretions 2. Barking-like cough 3. Decreased appetite 2. Pasteurellosis 1. Sudden pneumonia affecting all the lung tissue 2. High temperatures and high mortality, 3. Rapid breathing and discolored skin 3. Salmonellosis 1. Fever 2. Respiratory distress 3. Depression, coughing, red skin 4. Extremities (i.e. tail, ears, nose and feet) become blue Pig 4. Erysipela 1. In appetence 2. Infertility 3. Skin lesions and ulceration 5. Diarrhea (caused by E.coli) 1. Watery feces and wet tails 2. Become emaciated and dehydrated, and mortality may approach 50 percent 39 P a g e

43 BASELINE SURVEY Annex 3: Pictures of selected breeds Chicken Dwarf Aseel Naked neck 100_ Feathered (1) Goats Black Bengal Brown Bengal 40 P a g e

44 Annex 3: Photographs of selected breeds Boiragi Bengal Black & white Bengal Pig Mong Cai Lon rung (wild pig) I Ban 41 P a g e

45 BASELINE SURVEY Wild boar 42 P a g e

46 Annex 4: Species and breed codes Species code 1 = Chicken 2 = Goat 3 = Pig Chicken code Vietnam Bangladesh Sri Lanka 1 = Ho (also called To chicken) 2 = Ri (also called Ta chicken, plumage colour varies) 3 = Dong Tao 4 = Choi (fighting chicken) 5 = Tre (boombu) 6 = Mia 7 = H mong (black meat, plumage colours in brown, black and white) 8 = Sasso 9 = Ac (black, 5 toe chicken) 10 = Other, specify 1 = Black Bengal 2 = Brown Bengal 3 = White Bengal 4 = Boiragi (Bezoar) Bengal 5 = Black and White Bengal 6 = Crossbred 7= Jamunapari (Ramchagol) 8 = don t know 9 = other, specify 1= Dwarf Deshi 2= Deshi Long Leg 3= Naked Neck 4= Deshi 5= don t know 6= other, specify Goat code Bangladesh 1 = Normal Village chicken - red, black, brown, white (Gam kukullu) 2 = Naked neck (Peda kapapu) 3 = Long leg (Pora kukullu) 4 = Crown (Konda kikili) 5 = Village chicken crossed with wild jungle fowl 6 = Village chicken crossed with commercial chicken 7 = Chinese chicken (may be a cross with Indian breed) 8 = Other, specify 43 P a g e

47 BASELINE SURVEY Pig code Vietnam 1 = Mong Cai 2 = Lon rung (wild pig) 3 = I 4 = Ban 5 =Landrace 6= Lon mong cai (Crosses) 7= other, specify Sri Lanka 1 = Village pig 2 = Wild pig 3 = Wild crossed with village pig 4 = Village crossed with commercial pig 5 = Commercial pig 6 = Other, specify 44 P a g e

48 Annex : 5 GEF Asia Household Survey; Household Questionnaire Questionnaire Identification (To be filled by supervisor at time of issuing questionnaire to enumerator) [,,,,, ] Name Country Province District Village 1=Bangladesh, 2=Sri Lanka, 3=Vietnam, 4=Pakistan Code Reviewed by: Supervisor name: Date: If sent back for verification/correction: Date sent back to enumerator: Date corrected and returned: Reviewed again by: ENUMERATOR NAME ENUMERATOR CODE DATE OF INTERVIEW (DD/MM /YY) / / /20 Try to interview the person in charge of the farm activities (and livestock activities if any). Are you interviewing this person? [ ] = YES [ ] = NO (tick) HEAD OF THE HOUSEHOLD RESPONDENT S NAME GPS COORDINATES X (Easting) [ ] Y(Northing) [ ] RESPONDENT S POSITION IN THE HOUSEHOLD [ ](code) 1 = Head, 2 = Spouse, 3 = Daughter/ daughter-in-law, 4 = Son/ son-in-law, 5 = Hired manager, 6 = Head or spouse parents, 7= other, specify 45 P a g e

49 BASELINE SURVEY 1. General household characteristics 1.1. Provide the following details about the household head Sex [code: 1 = Male, 2 = Female] Age (years) Years of farming experience (years) Religion (code) Number of years of schooling (years) Ethnic affiliation Can read and write in an official language? 1=Yes, 0=No Religion 1= Christian, 2 = Muslim, 3 = Hindu, 4 = Buddhist, 5 = None, Ethnicity: 1=tribes, 2= non tribes, 3= Other, specify 1.2. Who is the farm owner? [ ] (code) 1.3. Who is managing day to day farm activities? [ ] (code) 1=Head, 2=Spouse, 3=head s father, 4=head s mother, 5=Son or son-in-law, 6=Daughter or daughter-in-law, 7=Other joint (specify codes):, 8= Hired worker, 9=Other (specify): 1.4. Provide the following details about the farmer s house (code): Condition Code Condition Code Construction type (1=earth, 2=tin, Number of rooms (excluding kitchen, 3=bamboo, 4=cement, 5=mixed, toilet and bathroom) 6=bricks, 7= other, specify) Construction type of floor (1=earth,2= bricks, 3=cement, 4=tiles, 5=other, specify) Water supply (code) Construction type roof (1=thatched (e.g. grass, coconut leaves), 2=iron sheet/corrugated iron, 3=asbestos, 4=tiles, 5= other, specify) Electricity supply in working condition (Yes=1/No=0) Water supply connection in working Sewage facility (Yes=1/No=0) condition (Yes=1/No=0) Water supply : 1=Wells, 2=hand pump, 3=Stream, 4=Canal, 5=Pond, 6=other specify 46 P a g e

50 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 1.5. Give details of all household members (including the household head) living permanently on the compound (at least 3 months in the last 12 months). Make sure to include children and infants. For activities, use code Name (first name) Relationship with head Age (yrs) Sex Vegetarian? 1= Yes 0= No Primary Activity Secondary activity (if applicable) Number of years of schooling Relationship with head: 1= self, 2= spouse, 3= son/ son-in-law, 4= daughter/ daughter-in-law, 5= grandchild, 6= other relative, specify, 7= Other (non relative), specify Sex: 1= Male, 2= Female Code for activity (primary and secondary): 0 = None, 1 = working on the farm/ farm manager, 2 = Civil servant, 3 = Employee in private enterprise, 4 = Business person/ shop 5 = working on someone else farm, 6= Retired, 7 =in a leadership position (religious, government etc..), 8= Rickshaw puller/van/push cart, 9= employed overseas (driver, hotel worker, labour, professional), 10= in school/college/ study, 11= pre school age (<5year), 12 = child not going to school, 13=teaching/ working in an academic institution, 14= housewife, 15= others (specify) 2. Farm activities and facilities 2.1. Land tenure and land use When specifying land size, please use one unit- specify which one [ ] 1=acre, 2=hectare, 3 = sq meter, 4= decimal, 5=other (specify) What is the total area of your farm? [. ] (including land you own, rent or lease in, but excluding land you rent or lease out) How much of this land area do you own? [. ] If you rent in land (or sharecropping), how much (area) [. ] How much rent do you pay per year? [. ] (local currency) If you rent out land (or sharecropping), how much (area) [. ] How much rent do you earn per year? [. ] (local currency) 47 P a g e

51 BASELINE SURVEY Do you use any community/ public land for grazing [ ] = YES [ ] = NO 2.2. Cropping Pattern Indicate in the table below the crops grown in the major 2 seasons in the last 12 months, and the area (use same area code as.in 2.2). If fed to livestock, indicate to which species. Crops grown during spring Area Purpose Fed, to which species? Crops grown during autumn Area Purpose Fed, to which species? Crop: 1=wheat, 2=rice, 3=gram, 4=lentil, 5=barley, 6=oats, 7=rapeseed/ mustard, 8= cotton, 9=sorghum, 10=millet, 11=groundnut, 12=maize, 13=other oil seeds, 14=fodder, 15=vegetables, 16=sugarcane, 17= pasture, 18=others, specify Purpose: 1= home consumption, 2= sale, 3= home consumption and sale, 4= animal feed, 5= other, specify Species code: 0=not used for feed, 1= cattle, 2=buffalo, 3=sheep, 4=goat, 5=pig, 6=chicken, 7=all species kept by the household, 8= Other, specify 2.3. Ownership of Household and Farm Assets. Use code for who owns Household assets Nos. Who owns Farm assets Nos. Who owns Sewing machine 2-wheel Tractor and accessories Radio/TV 4-wheel Tractor and accessories Phone (mobile or land line) Insecticide/pesticide sprayers Motorcycle / Scooter Water pump Bicycle Tube well/ Agro well Three wheeler/ Poultry(or other animals) Rickshaw/ van(nonmotorised / cart shed Car / van (motorized) Other farm asset, specify fishing Boat Other, specify Who owns: 1=Head, 2=Spouse, 3= Household (All), 4=Head s father, 5= Head s mother, 6=Son/ son-in-law, 7=Daughter/daughter-in-law, 8=Other joint (specify codes) 9=Other (specify 48 P a g e

52 3. Livestock inventory HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 3.1. Does your household have any livestock? Yes [ ] No [ ] If the household does not keep livestock, go directly to section 9 For the different species, indicate the numbers of animals that are owned and kept; who owns them and reasons for rearing. If there s a difference between number of animals owned and kept, ask why. Livestock Chicken Goat Pig Cattle Local Cross and exotic Number owned Who owns them (code) Reasons for rearing (code- 2 max) Number kept If number kept different from number owned, why? (code- 2 max) Buffalo Local Cross and pure Sheep Donkeys/Horses Ducks Other, specify Who owns: 1=Head, 2=Spouse, 3= Household (All), 4=Head s father, 5= Head s mother, 6=Son/ son-in-law, 7=Daughter/ daughter-in-law, 8=Other joint (specify codes), 9=Other, specify Reasons for rearing: 1=Home consumption, 2=Sale of milk, 3=Sale of adult animals, 4=Sale of young stock, 5= Wool/hair, 6=Religious sacrificial animals,7= Sale of breeding animals, 8=Livestock as social status symbol, 9= Wealth status 10=Raising animals for export, 11= other, specify Reasons why number kept different from number owned: 1= I gave some animals due to lack of labor, 2= I gave some animals to a household in need (traditional practice), 3= I got animals from a richer household (traditional practice), 4= other, specify 49 P a g e

53 BASELINE SURVEY Breed code Does the household keep chicken? [ ] (1=Yes, 0=No). If No, go to section If Yes, fill in the table below, make sure we include crosses with wild relatives. Number of animals refer to time of the survey. Total Cocks Hens Growers Chicks Reasons for number keeping 2 max kept breeding Meat Other, brooding Layers meat male Female All specify pullet Breed: see separate sheet Reasons for keeping: 1=Meat, 2=Egg, 3=Breeding stock, 4=Layers, 5=Status symbol, 6= For religious sacrifices 7=Other (specify) Put X if don t know Does the household keep goat? [ ] (1=Yes, 0=No). If No, go to section If yes, fill in the table below, make sure we include crosses with wild relatives. Number of animals refer to time of the survey Breeds code Total number kept Buck (Mature male goat) Wether (castrated male goat) Young male goat Doe (mature female goat) Kids (newly born goat) Reasons for keeping (code)- 2 max Breed: see separate sheet Reason for keeping: 1=Home consumption, 2=Sale of milk, 3=Sale of adult animals, 4=Sale of young stock, 5= Wool/hair, 6=Religious sacrificial animals,7= Sale of breeding animals, 8=Livestock as social status symbol, 9= Wealth status 10=Raising animals for export, 11= other, specify Put X if don t know 50 P a g e

54 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Does the household keep pig? [ ] (1=Yes, 0=No). If No, go to section 3.2. If Yes, fill in the table below, make sure we include crosses with wild relatives. Number of animals refer to time of the survey Breeds Total Hog Boar Shoat Sow (mature Gilt (young Piglet Reasons of code number (castrated (mature (young female pig) female pig) (newly keeping (code)- kept male) male pig) male pig) born pigs) 2 max Reason for keeping :1=Home consumption, 2=Sale of adult animals, 3=Sale of young stock, 4=Religious sacrifices animals, 5= Breeding animals, 6=Livestock as social status symbol, 8= Wealth status, 9=Raising animals for export, 9= Other (specify) Put X if don t know 51 P a g e

55 BASELINE SURVEY 3.2. Breed preference- only for chicken, goat and pig Chicken: List all the chicken breeds you keep, or you know well. First ask which traits are important, and rank the breeds across each trait of importance Traits Is this trait Breed 1, Breed 2, Breed 3, Breed 4 Breed 5 important indicate indicate indicate indicate code: to you? 1= code: code: code: code: Yes, 0=No Reproduction Age of first laying Long clutching period Production No of eggs per month Egg size/ weight Colour of egg High growth rate Quality of meat (taste, flavour..) General traits Disease resistance Broodiness Maternal behavior Type of comb Colour of the feathers Skin colour Shank feathered Other, specify Overall ranking 52 P a g e

56 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Goat: List all the goat breeds you keep or you know well. First ask which traits are important, and rank the breeds across each trait of importance Traits Reproduction Is this trait important to you? 1= Yes, 0=No Breed 1, indicate code: Breed 2, indicate code: Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4, indicate code: Age at maturity Good conception rate Kidding per year Birth weight Twining ability Pre weaning survival rate Production High growth rate Dressing percentage Quality of meat High milk production Milk quality General traits High survival rate in harsh environment Resistance to parasites (worm infestation) Nice physical appearance Disease resistance Skin colour Large body size Docile Other, specify Overall ranking 53 P a g e

57 BASELINE SURVEY Pig: List all the pig breeds you keep, or you know well. First ask which traits are important, and rank the breeds across each trait of importance Traits Is this trait important to you? 1= Yes, 0=No Breed 1, indicate code: Breed 2, indicate code: Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4, indicate code: Reproduction Age at maturity High conception rate Pre weaning survival rate Litter size Production Birth weight Weight at weaning High growth rate Carcass weight Meat quality General traits Docile Large body size Disease resistance Other, specify Overall ranking 54 P a g e

58 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 4. Production- chicken, Goat and pig only 4.1. Type of production systems Animal type Chicken Breed code Management system (code) during Housing system (code) spring summer rainy winter day night Construction cost If specific housing, indicate When built (year) Used for other breed/ species? Goat/ Pig Breed codes: see separate code sheet Management system: 1= Intensive (mainly stall feeding), 2=Semi-intensive (stall feeding as well as grazing), 3=Extensive (only grazing), 4= Other, specify Housing system code (day and night): 1= Free range, 2= Confined in sheds, 3=Confined in paddocks, 4= Confined fences, 5=Cage, 6= Basket covered with net, 7=Bamboo basket, 8=no special housing (Tree, rooftop and kitchen), 9= provides special place for laying, 10= provides special place for brooding (hatching), 11= Other, specify Used for other breeds/ species? 0=no, 1= for all livestock kept by the household, 2= for all breeds of that species only, 3=other, specify for which species and breeds 55 P a g e

59 BASELINE SURVEY 4.2. Production parameters Production parameters for chicken For the different chicken breeds that you keep, provide information on some key production parameters. Provide averages for the last 12 months (unless otherwise specified) Breed code Age of first laying in months No of days of laying/ clutch No of eggs/ clutch No of clutch/year No died (in last 3 months) Weight at maturity (kg) chicks adults male female Age of culling (old age) in years Put X if don t know Production parameters for goat For the different goat breeds that you keep, provide information on some key production parameters. Provide averages for the last 12 months. Breed code Age of first kidding in months No of kids per kidding Kidding interval in days Conception rate Dry period in days Lactation period in days No died (in last 12 months) Weight at maturity (kg) young adults male female Age of culling (old age) in years Put X if don t know 56 P a g e

60 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Production parameters for pig For the different Pig breeds that you keep, provide information on some key production parameters. Provide averages for the last 12 months Breeds code Age of first farrowing Farrowing interval No of piglets per farrow Conception rate No died (in last 12 months) Weight at maturity (kg) young adults male female Age of culling (old age) in years Put X if don t know 57 P a g e

61 BASELINE SURVEY 4.3. Exits from the farm, either through death or sale- for chicken, goat and Pig Indicate in the table below all the animals that exited your farm, either through death, sale or given away. For chicken, record all events in the last 3 months; for goat/ pig, records all events in the last 12 months. Any exits in the last 3 months (chicken) and 12 months (goat/ pig)? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, fill in the table. Fill one row by event. Species Breed (codes) Cause for exit MM/YY Chicken Number of animals slaughtered/ sold/ dead/ given away Goat/ Pig Breed code: see separate code sheet Cause for exit: 1=death due to disease, 2=slaughter due to disease, 3= lost/killed by predators/accident, 4=Death due to Management, 5= Natural death, 6=sale- urgent money requirement (school fee, medicine etc..), 7= sale as a business, 8= sold due to old age, 9= sale to raise funds to start business (non livestock), 10= sold to raise funds to invest into livestock enterprise, 11= given away (gift/ dowry); 12= given away (ceremonies/ festivals), 13= given to poor household (traditional practice), 14= given to owner (traditional practice), 15=Slaughter for home consumption, 16= other, specify 58 P a g e

62 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 4.4. Entries to the farm, either through birth or purchase- for chicken, goat and pig Indicate in the table below all the animals that entered your farm, either through birth, given to, or purchase. For chicken, record all events in the last 3 months; for goat/ pig, records all events in the last 12 months. Any entries in the last 3 months (chicken) and 12 months (pig)? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, fill in the table. Fill one row by event. Prices are to be expressed in local currency, total costs (NOT by animal). If purchased, or given, specify Species Chicken Breed Type of entry MM/YY Number of animals Animal type Price (total) From whom Where bought Reason(s) for purchase Goat/ Pig Breed code: see separate code sheet Type of entry: 1=Birth,2= Purchased,3= Gifts/exchanged, 4=Get animal from wild, 5= Get animal from rich household (traditional practice, 6= Get animal from poor household (traditional practice), 7= other, specify Animal type: 1= adult male for breeding, 2= adult male, not for breeding, 3= adult female, 4=female young, 5= male young, 6= other, specify From whom: 1= other livestock keeper, 2= trader, 3= NGO, 4= breeding farm, 5= relative, 6=other, specify Where bought: 1= farm-gate; 2= market; 3= seller s premises, 4= other, specify Reasons for purchase: 1=Home consumption, 2=For breeding, 3=To increase the flock/herd size, 4=good price, 5=Festival, 6=Other specify 59 P a g e

63 BASELINE SURVEY 5. Management- chicken, goat and pig only 5.1. Feeding practices Indicate in the table below the different feed sources, and details about purchased feed Own farm- feed type during Purchased? 1=Yes 0=No If purchased- 3 last months for chicken and 12 months for pig Species Breed spring summer rainy winter Quantity unit Price/ where unit Chicken Goat/ Pig Breed: see separate code sheet Feed type: 1= Rice straw 2=Wheat straw, 3=Kitchen waste (debris) 4= commercial Concentrates 5= Grazing on cropland, 6=Grazing on pasture land, 7=Green Fodders, 8= Feed ingredients, 9=Food grains, 10=Other feed, specify Unit: 1=kg, 2= tons, 3= other, specify [please provide conversion factor to kg or tons] Where purchased? 1= market, 2= local or village shop, 3= mobile feed seller, 4= district market, 5= other, specify 60 P a g e

64 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 5.2. Watering practices Costs of water refer to the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goat/ pig. Main water sources during (code) Animal spring summer rainy winter type Chicken Breed How often do you give water? (code) Who collects water most regularly? (code) Costs (local currency). Put 0 if no cost. Goat/ Pig Sources: 1=River, 2=Well, 3=Pond, 4=Water fall, 5= pipe water, 6= tube well, 7= hand pump, 8= Other, specify Frequency of watering: 0= animals get on their own from available sources, 1= Once a day, 2= Twice a day3= Thrice a day, 4= Throughout the day, 5= Other, specify Who collects: 0= nobody collects, 1= Head, 2=spouse, 3=household all, 4=head s father,5= head s mother, 6=son daughter,7= other joint specify code, 8=hired labour, 9=all or any household members, 10= other, specify 5.3. Animal health practices Did you use animal health services in the last 12 months? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If Yes, fill in the table. For costs, indicate amount spent in the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goat / pig. Put 0 if no costs. Type of For which Who provided Total costs in local currency services breed? the service? Veterinary drugs Professional fees Chicken Goat/ Pig Type of service: 1= vaccination; 2= other preventive method, specify which one, 3= treatment of sick animals; 4= other, specify Breed: see separate breed code sheet Who provided last service? 1= self, 2= other farmer, no formal professional training, 3= government veterinarian, 4= private veterinarian, 5= livestock ministries agents, 6= NGO, 7= other, specify 61 P a g e

65 BASELINE SURVEY What are the 2 most frequent animal health problems that affect your herd/ flock (list most important one first)? Animal species chicken Goat/ Pig Disease 1 Disease 2 Disease 1 Disease 2 Disease/ condition code Which breed is more affected? Code If disease unknown, what are the symptoms (2 maximum) Total number of disease events in last 12 months Outcomes: 1 = Died 2 = Survived 3= Slaughtered Do you vaccinate? 1= Yes, 0=No Breed: see separate breed code Disease/ condition : 0= no problem Chicken:1= Avian influenza (bird flu), 2=Coccidiosis, 3=Fowl Cholera, 4=Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro), 5= Newcastle disease, 6=Infectious Bronchitis, 7=Pullorum (Salmonella), 8= Other (specify) Goat: 9=Anthrax, 10=Bronchitis, 11=Dysentry, 12=Goat Pox, 13= Parasitic-worm infestation, 14=Enterotoxaemia, 15= Dermatitis, 16= PPR, 17=Other (specify) Pig :17= Classical swine fever, 18=Pasteurellosis, 19= Salmonellosis, 20=Erysipela, 21= Diarrhea (caused by E.coli), 22= other, specify (Any species) 23 = Accident/Attack Symptoms: 1=Circling, 2= Coughing and sneezing, 3= Decreased egg production, 4= Diarrhoea, 5= Drop in egg production, 6= White diarrhea, 7= Nasal discharges, 8= Respiratory problems, 9= Soft shells and deformed eggs, 10= Swelling of the joints, wattle and foot pad, 11= Twisting head and neck, 12= Vent picking, 13= White diarrhea, 14= Barking like cough, 15= Decreased appetite, 16= Depression, 17= Red skin, 18= Infertility, 19= Skin lesions, 20= Dehydration, 21= other, specify 23 = Mange, 24 = Parasite infestation 62 P a g e

66 5.4. Division of labour: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Who takes care of the animals? Fill in the table below (for average yesterday). Done? If Yes, fill in. If not, go to next activity 1= Yes 0=No Type of activities Main person No hours/ day Second person Chicken Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Egg collection Marketing of live animals Marketing of eggs Goat/ Pig Grazing animal Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Milking Milk processing Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Marketing of live animals Marketing of livestock products e.g. meat, manure Person: 1= adult male, 2= adult female, 3= children, 4= hired worker, 5= all or any adults, 6= all or any household members, 7= other, specify No hours/ day Does the household hire labour who spend time on for chicken, goat or pig activities? [ ] (Yes=1, 0= No) If yes, fill in table below. Wages (salaries) are in local currency, per unit of time. Name Unit code Wages (salaries ) per unit How many units in the last 12 months? % time spent on chicken or pig Lodging and meals provided? (1=Yes, 0= No) Unit: 1= day, 2= week, 3= month, 4= other, specify 63 P a g e

67 BASELINE SURVEY 6. Reproduction and breeding 6.1. What are the main Breeding Strategies you follow, fill the information Chicken Goat/ Pig Breed code Breeding method If natural breeding, reasons for using it Source of breeding males Source of breeding females Who makes decisions on breeding males? If natural and controlled breeding, objective of controlling If natural and controlled breeding, how do you control? For goat/ pig, total number of conceptions during past one year (per female) Age when breeding male is replaced (years) Reasons for replacing the breeding male (code) Breed: see separate breed code Breeding method: 1= natural uncontrolled, 2= natural controlled, 3=AI, 4= other, specify Reasons for using natural breeding: 1= Ethical grounds, 2= only method available, 3= High costs of Artificial Insemination, 4= High failure rate of A.I., 5=other, specify Source of breeding male or female: 1=own farm, 2=specific animals from farmers in my village/ area, 3= any animals from farmers in my village/ area, 4= bought from a known private breeder, 5 = government farm, 6= wild relative, 7= don t know, 8=Other, specify Who makes decision: 0= no decision maker, 1 = household head, 2= spouse, 3=herdsman or farm worker, 4= Other, specify Objective of natural and controlled breeding: 1= improvement or maintenance of breed characters, 2=Enhance meat productivity, 3=Enhance fat yield, 4= Enhance egg production, 5=For crossing with wild relatives, 6=Other, specify (e.g. improve fat percentage), How to control breeding? 1= Best male to best female, 2= To avoid mating of close relatives, 3= Gift / loan of high quality breeding male, 4= Exchange of high quality breeding male, 5= Purchase of high quality breeding male, 6=Purchase of high quality breeding female(s), 7=Use female from neighbouring farmers, 8=Use female from multiplier association, 9= Castrate non-productive males, 10= Culled/sold non-productive males, 11= Culled/sold non-productive females, 12= Cross-breeding, 14= use of wild relatives, 14= any other (specify) Reasons of replacing boar, buck/ cock: 1= Unsatisfactory performance, 2=Health problem, 3= Better progeny, 4= Inbreeding, 5= Objective change: milk or egg to meat, 6=Objective change: meat to egg or milk, 8= Due to of old age 7= Other (specify) 64 P a g e

68 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 6.2. List down the 3 main problems of breeding for each species (breed wise) Breed Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Chicken Goat/ Pig Breed: see separate code sheet Breeding problem: 0= no problem, 1= Unavailability of breeding male, 2= expensive AI breeding services, 3= pure breeds are not available, 4= low male fertility, 5= low female fertility, 6= good /known quality breeding animals are not available, 7=unwanted unplanned breeding/mating, 8= crossbreds males & females not available, 9=sexually transmitted diseases, 10 = other, specify 6.3. Do you have any costs related to breeding chicken or goat? [ ] (1=Yes, 0=No) If yes, fill in the table. Cost per service and total cost are expressed in local currency. If not, go to Section 7 Species Breed Type of service (code) Cost/ service Number of females served in the last 12 months Total costs in the last 12 months Species and breed: see separate code sheet Type of service: 1= natural service, 2= AI, 3= other, specify 65 P a g e

69 BASELINE SURVEY 7. Marketing of livestock and livestock products of chicken, goat and Pig 7.1. Chicken Do you sell chicken? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, indicate in the table below details regarding sale of chicken in the last 3 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Breed Animal type Weight in kg Who sold Number of chicken sold Price per animal To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who got the money Breed: see separate sheet Animal type: 1= adult male 2= adult female 3= chicks 4= any adult 5= other, specify Price in local currency To whom did you sell? 1= other household for consumption 2= farmer for breeding/ reproduction purposes 3= trader, 4= other, specify Where? 1= farm- gate 2= village/ local market 3= regional market 4= other, specify Reason: 1= get cash (regular business) 2= cash need- general household needs 3= emergency cash needs- health or education needs 4= decrease flock size 5= selling less productive animals for replacement with better one, 6=sacrificial month, 7= other, specify Services: 1 = none 2= cash advance 3= free advice 4= subsidized feed 5= subsidized vet services 6= provides reliable market, 7= other, specify Who sold and who got the money?: 1= head, 2= spouse, 3= jointly head and spouse, 4= other, specify How does this level of sale in the last 3 months compare to usual (yearly) sale? [ ] 1= below average 2= as average 3= above average 66 P a g e

70 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Do you sell eggs? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, indicate in the table below details regarding sale of eggs in the last 3 months? Breed Number of eggs sold per week How many weeks in the last 3 months? Price/ egg (local currency) To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money Codes: same as above Do you sell any other products from chicken? [ ]=YES If yes, fill in the table. Sales refer to the last 3 months [ ]=NO (tick) Breed Type of product sold To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Total revenues from sale Who sold Who got the money Type of product: 1= chicken waste 2= any other Other codes: same as above 67 P a g e

71 BASELINE SURVEY 7.2. Goat Do you sell goat? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, indicate in the table below details regarding sale of goat in the last 12 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Breed Animal type Number of goat sold Price by animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money Breed: see separate sheet Animal type: 1= breeding buck, 2=sacrificial male, 3=slaughtering male, 4= breeding female, 5=other adult female 6= young 7= other, specify Price in local currency To whom did you sell? 1= other household for consumption, 2= farmer for breeding/ reproduction purposes 3= trader, 4= other, specify Where? 1= farm- gate 2= village/ local market 3= regional market 4= other, specify Reason: 1= get cash (regular business) 2= cash need- general household needs 3= emergency cash needs- health or education needs 4= decrease flock size 5= selling less productive animals for replacement with better one, 6=sacrificial month, 7= other, specify Services: 1 = none 2= cash advance 3= free advice 4= subsidized feed 5= subsidized vet services 6= provides reliable market, 7= other, specify Who sold and who got the money?: 1= head, 2= spouse, 3= jointly head and spouse, 4= other, specify Do you sell goat milk or milk products, or other goat products? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, fill in the table. Information relate to the last 12 months. Breed Products Total revenues from sale To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale If milk, price/liter Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money Codes- same as above Products: 1= goat milk, 2= goat cheese, 3= goat skin, 3= other, specify 68 P a g e

72 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 7.3. Pig Do you sell pig? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, indicate in the table below details regarding sale of pig in the last 12 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Breed Animal type Number of pig sold Price by animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money Breed: see separate sheet Animal type: 1= adult male 2= adult female 3= young 4= any adult 5= other, specify Price in local currency To whom did you sell? 1= other household for final consumption 2= farmer for breeding/ reproduction purposes 3= trader, 4= other, specify Where? 1= farm- gate 2= village/ local market 3= regional market 4= other, specify Reason: 1= get cash (regular business) 2= cash need- general household needs 3= emergency cash needs- health or education needs 4= decrease flock size 5= selling less productive animals for replacement with better one, 6=sacrificial month, 7= other, specify Services: 1 = none 2= cash advance 3= free advice 4= subsidized feed 5= subsidized vet services 6= provides reliable market, 7= other, specify Who sold and who got the money?: 1= head, 2= spouse, 3= jointly head and spouse, 4= other, specify Do you sell pig meat and other pig products? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, fill in the table for sale of pig meat and pig products for last 12 months Breed Products Total revenues from sale To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money All codes except products see above Products: 1= Pig Meat, 2=Pig Manure, 2= Pig Skin, 3= Pig Fat, 4= other, spec 69 P a g e

73 BASELINE SURVEY 7.4. Marketing- general information Do you have any grading method when selling? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, provide details in table below Species Breed Products Grading mechanisms used When do you use it? Any external involvement? Since when do you use it? (year) Species and breed: see separate sheet Products: 1= live animals 2= meat 3= eggs 4= milk 5= other, specify Grading mechanisms: 1= weight 2= height/size 3= quality of meat,, 4 = quality of milk, 5= activeness, 6= body posture, 7= body colour/yolk colour, 8=fat percentage, 9= other, specify When used: 1= when sale for final consumption 2= when sale for breeding purposes, 3= any sale, 4=other, specify External involvement: 1= none 2= controlled by farmer associations 3= controlled by independent body 4= other, specify Do you plan to increase the amount of some or all livestock/ livestock products? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If Yes, fill in the table Species Breed Products Reason for wanting to produce or How will you achieve it? (3 sell more max) Species and breed: see separate sheet Products: 1= live animals 2= meat 3= eggs 4= milk 5= other, specify (incl. fat) Reasons: 1= no other profitable enterprise 2= best profitable enterprise 3= increasing demand for products 4= increasing price 5= other, specify How to produce or sell more? 1= better management, 2= better feeding, 3= proper vaccination, 4=use of better breeding methods, 5= better animal health care, 6= other, specify If no, why? [ ] [ ] [ ] (3 top reasons, ranked) 1= other more profitable enterprise available 2= too risky 3= not enough feed 4= poor animal health 5= no market 6= low price 7= breeds not appropriate 8= other, specify 70 P a g e

74 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE Mode of payment and price determination Is there any occasion when you re not paid cash? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, provide details Species Breed Products Mode of payment Who s the buyer? Species and breed: see separate sheet Products: 1= live animals, 2= meat, 3= eggs, 4= fat, 5= other, specify Mode of payment: 1= cash advance, 2= delayed payment after how many days? 3= other, specify Buyer: 1= fellow farmer, 2=traders, 3=butcher, 4= cooperative 5= other, specify Is there any occasion when price is not paid on prevailing market price? [ ]=YES [ ]=NO (tick) If yes, provide details Species Breed Products Price determination Who s the buyer? Species and breed: see separate sheet Products: 1= live animals, 2= meat, 3= eggs 4= fat, 5= other, specify Price determination: 1= fixed by buyer, 2= fixed by seller (farmer), 3= negotiated between seller and buyer, 4=other, specify Buyer: 1=fellow farmer, 2=traders, 3=butcher, 4=village shopkeeper, 5= cooperative, 6= other, specify 71 P a g e

75 BASELINE SURVEY 8. Training and skills 8.1. What are the current sources of getting information about the breeding, feeding, production, marketing and any other schemes and techniques? Chicken Pig Breed codes What are your current sources of information? Which sources would you like/ do you prefer? What type of training do you need? Source of information: 0= none, 1= Radio, 2=TV programmes, 3= Exhibition, 4=Open days or field days, 5= NGOs convening, 6=Govt. Institutes, 7=Other organizations,8= published material, 9= family and friends, 10= fellow farmers, 11= Other (specify) Training needs: 1=Feeding/ feed preparation, 2=Breeding, 3=Health, 4=General management, 5=Production in general, 6=Marketing, 7=Business management, 8=Leadership skills, 9=Any other (specify) Have you (or any other member of the household) received any training in the last 5 years [ ] (Yes=1, No=0) If Yes, fill the table: When? (year) Who attended the training? From which organization/ institutename Training content How long (days) Have you benefited (Yes=1, No=0) Have applied this training (Yes=1/ No=0) If not benefited, or not applied why? code Who attended: use codes from question 1.3 Training content: same code as training needs from 8.1 Reasons for not applying or benefiting? 1=not relevant, 2=too short, 3=too long, 4=too technical, 5=expensive, 6=not for practical use, 7=any other (specify) 8.2. Indicate the use and availability livestock extension services Livestock extension service providers Government Project or NGO s Private Practitioners Accessible in your area? 1= Yes 0=No If yes, number of visits in last 12 months Cost in local currency/ year (put 0 if free) 72 P a g e

76 Cooperative/ farmer group Others specify: 9. Income and Livelihood HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 9.1. Indicate in the table below information regarding sources of income. First, tick sources that are available to the household. If possible, get actual income level; if not, get ranks (1 for most important source of income, 2 for second etc.). Make sure you include the incomes sources of all household members listed in Section 1.5. Main sources of income Tick if relevant rank Income last year (local currency) Change in income over the last 5 year Main control over income Food grain/ crops/vegetable Fruits Livestock and livestock product Forest products( herb/ medicinal plant/timber) Sale of wild relative meat (specify species ) Land rent Wage income Business-shop, trade etc Service Remittance Pension Other Change in income: 1= increasing, 2= decreasing, 3= remained constant Control over income: 1= household head, 2= other men in household, 3= spouse, 4= other women in household, 5= jointly head and spouse, 6= other, specify 9.2. In which of the following categories do you estimate your total monthly household income, from all farm activities, working members, business income, pensions and remittances from elsewhere: [ ] 1= below 2,000 LKR/ month, 2= between 2,000 LKR and 4,000 LKR/ month; 3= between 4,000 LKR and 8,000 LKR/ month, 4= between 8,000 LKR and 16,000 LKR/ month, 5= above 16,000 LKR/month *The currency should be different for different countries this is a example from Sri Lanka. 73 P a g e

77 BASELINE SURVEY 9.3. Diet diversity: What was the consumption level of the following food items? If possible, ask the wife, or another woman who prepares meals, to answer these questions. Food items Beef Goat meat Poultry Fresh water fish Sea water fish Dry fish Mutton Pig meat (pork) Any other meat (specify) Milk(fresh and dry) Eggs Wheat flour Rice Maize Maize flour Other cereals Edible oils Sugar (pure e.g. in tea) How many times consumed last week? Was level of consumption last week regular/usual (code) Salt (pure e.g. for cooking, on food) Tea Beans, pulses, Roots, tubers Vegetables Fruits Other (specify) Other (specify) Level of consumption last week? 1= Much lower than usual; 2= About usual; 3=Much higher than usual 74 P a g e

78 HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE [END] (Please DO NOT forget to thank the farmer genuinely!) Ensure you also answer questions on the next page 10. To be answered privately by the enumerator immediately following the interview 1. In your opinion, how did you establish rapport with this respondent [ ] 1 = with ease 2 = with some persuasion 3 = with difficulty 4 = it was impossible 2. Overall, how did the respondent give answers to your questions?[ ] 1 = willingly 2 = reluctantly 3 = with persuasion 4 = it was hard to get answers 3. How often do you think the respondent was telling the truth? [ ] 1 = rarely 2 = sometimes 3 = most of the times 4 = all the time I certify that I have checked the questionnaire two times to be sure that all the questions have been answered, and that the answers are legible. Signed: Date / / 75 P a g e

79 Annex : 6 GEF Asia Household Survey; Data Base Manual Getting started: The database file is called GEF Asia - household survey.mdb and contains forms; for data entry and have been customized to have the same appearance as the survey questionnaire. Opening the database home page 1. Double-click the Microsoft access file to launch the database. 2. A security warning will be displayed (see in figure 1), click on open to open the database. Figure 1 Click open Cover page is the name of the page that will open and it is the front page of the questionnaire. See figure 2 on how it looks like. Figure 2 Tab to the next form Drop down list (list box) 76 P a g e

80 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA BASE MANUAL A variable called Ahh_code has been created as the first variable in all the forms and tables. This field contains a unique code or identifier for each questionnaire. It therefore becomes our unique identifier that is marked on the questionnaire for easy questionnaire identification during data cleaning. This code has been automated such that, once entered on the cover page you do not require to type it again in the subsequent forms. Please ensure it is correctly typed in the 1 st form because carried to the next form until the end. Variable names in the databases are self-explanatory and follow each other as they do on the questionnaire. By using the enter button; one is able to move from one variable/field to the next. For coded variables, a list box has been linked to them, by clicking the drop down arrow; this shall open the list of codes. Click and select the desired code. To get to the next form, a tab/button has been created at the end of each page and a label given as a guide to show which section follows. By clicking the button, this shall take you to the next page or form. Multiple entry forms: Certain sections of the database will require entry of more than one observation per Household; this has been restructured to have such an interface (see below). In this case, the hh_code is automatically carried to the Part B of the form hence no need to type that again. Please entry data as it appears on the questionnaire; i.e. one observation after the other. At the bottom of that window, there is a tab that keeps count of how many records have been entered. Figure 3 Part A of the form Attention to forms: 2.2 Cropping pattern Indicates the number of records entered for that particular hh_code Part B: Table that will allow multiple entries about HH activities These are multiple table entries in the middle of single entry forms. 77 P a g e

81 BASELINE SURVEY In this case there are tabs created in their place and by clicking the tab, it will take you to a subform that will allow you to enter as many observations as possible. The form that opens See illustration below:- Figure 4 Cropping patterns tab This will open up this window below for inputs on cropping patterns, again enter all the observations for that hh_code. To return to where you left off, i.e. to go to 2.3, close 2.2 (click the x on the top right corner on the 2.2 form) after finishing and you will be back to the farm activities and facilities form. Figure 5 78 P a g e

82 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA BASE MANUAL 8: Training received For the question Have you (or any other member of the household) received any training in the last 5 years on answering YES a pop-up window shall open for you to give details on training received. Again enter all records and close to when finished to go back to section. Here is a list of forms created for data entry. This should help you identify the form with the sections of the questionnaire. Form Name Section on questionnaire 1: Cover page Front page of the questionnaire, section 1.1 to : Household composition Section : Household composition-contd Section 1.5 2: Farm activities and facilities Section 2: 2.1 to and section : cropping pattern Section 2.2 3: livestock inventory Section 3 3.1: Chicken details Section : goat details Section : pig details Section : Breed preference chicken Section : Breed preference Goat Section : Breed preference pig Section : production Chicken Section 4.1 4: production goat Section 4.1 4: production pig Section : Production parameters Section 4.2.1, and : production parameters chicken exits Section : production parameters goat exits Section : production parameters pig exits Section : production parameters entries chicken Section : production parameters entries goats Section : production parameters entries pig Section 4.3 5: management chicken Section 5.1 5: management goat Section 5.1 5: management pig Section : management watering practices Section : management animal health practices Section and : management Division of labour Section : management Division of labour-pig Section (details on pig) 5.4.2: household hired labour Section : Reproduction and breeding Section 6.1 (details on chicken) 6.1: reproduction and breeding goat/pig Section 6.1 (details on goat and pig) 6-2: reproduction and breeding problems Section 6.2 and : reproduction and breeding costs Section 6.2 and 6.3 7: marketing of livestock and products sell Section 7.1 chicken 79 P a g e

83 BASELINE SURVEY 7: marketing of livestock and products sell eggs Section 7.1 (chicken other products) 7: marketing of livestock and products chicken Section 7.1 (chicken other products) products 7: marketing of livestock and products sell goat Section 7.1 Section 7.2 (sell goat & other products) 7: marketing of livestock and products goat Section 7.1 (chicken other products) products 7.2: marketing of livestock-pig Section 7.2 (sell pig & other products) 7.4: Marketing general information Section to : Training and skills Section 8 8: Training received Section 8 9: Income and Livelihood Section 9 This list should help you get back to a particular section of the questionnaire for modification or in case the questionnaire was not completed. How do you do that: Close the current form that is on the screen, identify the form that you need, and from the Form View Panel (See figure 3), double click the form name and this shall open the desired form. At this point, use the Find option/icon to find your record, which is identified by the hh_code (See figure 6). Figure 6 View panel: gives a list of objects; tables, queries, form, reports etc Click on FORM to see form listing List of forms (as given above) This is where you select the interested form. 80 P a g e

84 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA BASE MANUAL Figure 7 Find option Find pop-up window. Database identification and backup: Each and every data entry personnel shall have a copy of the database in his/her computer. Please ensure the database called GEF Asia - household survey.mdb has your initials at the end, e.g. GEF Asia - household survey-ek.mdb (for data entry person called Eunice Kariuki). This will ensure that each database is identified uniquely for the purpose of appending tables from different sources and as a tracking instrument for data received by the Nairobi team. The database is vulnerable to data loss or virus attack; it is therefore recommended that backups be carried out every day. To backup, create a copy of the database and save it on a memory stick, on a CD or to another computer; ensure that the backup is labeled indicating the date it was carried out. 81 P a g e

85 BASELINE SURVEY How to view data saved MS access saves the data entered in tables, which in this case have the same names as the forms. On the table view panel, you will find more tables; these were used in building up the databases variable look ups and should not be deleted. How to view them: On the left hand side of the page, see list of objects and first object on that list is Tables. Click tables to view tables in the dataset. See below (figure 8). Figure 8 These tables can be transferred to SPSS or Excel for data cleaning and analysis. This guide is presented using Microsoft Access and images relate to this version. If you are using Access 2007 then the database will look a little different but the data entry forms will still be the same. 82 P a g e