Working dogs Assistance dogs Presented by Hank Nolin, CPP Service dogs K-9 Chief Therapy Nolin, dogs CDP, and friends.

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3 Working dogs Assistance dogs Presented by Hank Nolin, CPP Service dogs K-9 Chief Therapy Nolin, dogs CDP, and friends.

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5 Brief History of Occupational Therapy 1700 s Age of Enlightenment Phillipe Pinel and William Tuke Moral Treatment and Occupation Golden years of Moral treatment and Occupational U S Civil war Susan Tracy early 1900 s Occupational Nurse George Barton and Dr. W. Dunton, Occupational Work March 15, 1917 National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy 1930 s Scientific Approach 1940 s Rehabilitation Movement due to the return of 1000 s of returning injured troops 1947 Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Journal 1956 COTA developed 1965 Covered by Medicare Quality of Life NOW OCCUPATION is main focus

6 Evolution of animals in therapy

7 Early cave dwellers painted animals was it worship or story telling? Or were they just companions? Greeks used dogs to lick the wounds of soldiers after battle. 9 th century, Gheel, Belgium. Daily caring for animals were used in therapy to assist disabled. Grooming, feeding, cleaning of the farm animals was included in the daily exercises for reintroducing patients into normal life. (Hmm OT) 1600s First record of a Guide dog in Greece 1792 York Quaker Retreat, England. Facility was designed for humane treatment of the insane patients. Therapy included caring for birds, rabbits, and sheep. Florence Nightingale insisted there be birds in the hospitals and rooms where she worked. birds are an excellent pleasure for an invalid confined to bed for a long time Bielefeld, Germany Epileptic patients were allowed to interact with, and care for, birds, cats, dogs and horses after WW I, Secty of Interior Franklin Lane insisted that military hospitals in Wash., D.C. have dogs available to ease the mental pain of recovering soldiers.

8 1941 First Guide dog 1942 Pawling NY Air Corp Convalescent Hospital had recovering veterans working at center farms. Dogs and forest animals were introduced to help those patients who needed rest and relaxation James Bossard. First recorded in a modern medical journal that pets were: -Sources of unconditional love -Outlets for people to express love -Opportunities for people to express power -Social lubricants -Companions -Teachers to help children learn toilet skills, sex and responsibility The love of animals is one of the universals in existence of both. Household pets are an integral part of family life: they must be considered a basic implement in mental hygiene Bossard Dr. Boris Levinson the Father of Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) a nonverbal patient interacted with his dog and spoke to the dog (Joe Story will come later) PET THERAPY 1971 Sam and Liz Corson, Ohio State Univ Psychiatric Hospital Staff, continued Levinson s work with pets and children to improve social skills Skeezer from Ann Arbor, Michigan Child s Psychiatric Hospital Book and movie

9 1970 Ethel Wolf was the first to systematically study the correlation between animals and therapy Levinson surveyed 435 psychotherapists in New York State found that 1/3 had used pets in therapy, mostly dogs and cats Etc. Etc first dog used for hearing assistance

10 TERMS AAT - ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY Regarded as a goal directed intervention in which animal that meets specific criteria is an INTEGRAL part of the treatment process Directed and or delivered by a health professional with special training within the scope of their profession Key features: specified goals and objectives for each individual and measured progress

11 TERMS AAA - ANIMAL ASSISTED ACTIVITY Delivered in a variety of environments by specially trained professionals, paraprofessionals, and/or volunteers in association with animals which meet criteria Key features: absence of specific treatment goals, volunteers and treatment providers are not required to take notes, visit is spontaneous

12 A PROPERLY TRAINED K-9 must meet the proper criteria Simba Graduates From Basic Obediance School but Needs Advanced Training

13 AAI- ANIMAL ASSISTED INTERVENTIONS AAT + AAA = AAI TERMS Emerging term used to define therapeutic interventions that intentionally includes or incorporates animals as a part of the therapeutic process or mileu (Kruger, et al., 2004)

14 Other terms Pet therapy Pet facilitated therapy Pet psychotherapy Pet-facilitated psychotherapy Pet-mediated therapy Companion animal therapy Co-therapy with an animal

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16 BIOPHELIA The love of life or living systems. (Amer Medical Encyclopedia) The biophelia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between humans and other living systems. The urge to affiliate with other forms of life, as described by Edward O. Wilson. Erich Fromm suggested that biophelia describes the connections that humans have subconsciously seek with the rest of life

17 HUMAN ANIMAL BOND Social support from ourselves and others + The Attachment Theory Attachment is an emotional bond between another person or animal. Early human bonds are formed with caregivers (parents). These feeling can be transformed to an animal which is seen as helping the person grow and heal. John Bowly, Phd, first attachement theorist When frightened, securely attached children will seek comfort from their care giver. If that caregiver is perceived to be an animal, then the child will relate to the animal.

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19 The Research Barker, S.B, Wolen, A.R. (2008) Friedmann, E. (1995) Odendaal, J.S.J. (2000) Biochemical reactions Physiological reactions Benefits OXYTOCIN LEVELS INCREASE WITH PRESENCE OF ANIMALS DURING THERAPIES

20 The research Human/Animal Interaction Relaxation and reduced anxiety Distraction from pain Distraction from worry Tasks at hand seem easier to complete Stress level is reduced Improved relations with others Improved performance Fawcett, N. R. & Gullone, E. (2001) Cute and cuddly and a whole lot more. A call for empirical investigation into the therapeutic benefits of human-animal interaction for children, Behaviour Change, 18(2),

21 The research Animals have been shown to ease the other social interactions and are often considered to be social catalysts or lubricants Fine, A.H. (2010) Nimer, J. & Lundahl, B. Animal Assisted therapy A meta-analysis(2007) Observing fish swimming in an aquarium or petting an animal can temporarily reduce blood pressure and regulate heart rate. Fawcett, N. R. & Gullone, E. (2001) Cute and cuddly and a whole lot more. A call for empirical investigation into the therapeutic benefits of humananimal interaction for children, Behaviour Change, 18(2), Friedman, E. Son, Heesook, & Tsai C. (2010 The animal human bondand Health and wellness Introducing aquariums at mealtime in special units serving individuals with Alzheimer s caused this population to eat more Edwards, N. E. and Beck, A.M., Animal assisted therapy and nutrition in Alzheimer s disease (2002)

22 OK SO WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALL OF THESE DOGS?

23 ASSISTANCE DOGS An assistance dog is a dog trained to aid or assist a person with a disability. Many are trained by a specific organization, while others are trained by their handler/owner/disabled individual. There are three classes of assistance dogs: Guide dogs assist the blind and visually impaired Hearing dogs, or signal dogs, help the deaf and hard of hearing Service dogs refers to dogs not included above. They are trained to do other work, such as mobility assistance, seizure alerts, or other medical alerts and psychiatric service dogs. NOTE>In the US the term service dog is used synonymously with assistance dog.

24 CHIEF WILL INITIALLY SIT AND LOOK AT ME. HE WILL THEN CLIMB UP INTO MY LAP AND LICK MY FACE. HIS POUCH CONTAINS MY TEST KIT AND METFORMIN 1000 MG PILLS

25 LIL PETE>>>>>>>>>>>>> CHIEF S NEPHEW, LIL PETE, SHOWN WITH HIS PARTNER, RALPH

26 WORKING DOGS A working dog is a canine that is not merely a pet, but learns to perform tasks to assist and/or entertain its human companion. This is a recognized classification of dogs in the American Kennel Club, but has a different meaning in the working world context The canine is professionally trained to perform a task which assists its human handler in completing an assigned challenge. Bomb detection, drug detection, bed bug detection, mold detection, termite detection, hunting dogs, etc.

27 THERAPY DOGS A therapy dog is trained to provide affection and comfort to people in hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes, schools, hospices, disaster areas and people with learning disabilities. Therapy dogs come in all sizes and breeds from Pomeranians to Great Danes Proper Temperament is the most important characteristic of a therapy dog. Friendly, patient, confident, gentle, and at ease in all situations Enjoy human contact and content to be constantly pet or stroked. Therapy dogs primary job is to allow unfamiliar people to make intimate physical contact with them. Hugs, kisses, pulling, petting and sometimes being laid upon. In hospice environments the dog plays a palliative care role by reducing death anxiety.

28 Christine Herman and Anne Working therapy dog and her councelor

29 The morale Factor For the Crew and mice Morale improvement

30 Cancer therapy goes two ways

31 Service Animal Definitions According to the 2012 edition of The Americans with Disabilities Act the only animals recognized as service animals are DOGS and MINIATURE HORSES that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a disability

32 Examples of Such Work or Tasks: Guiding people who are blind Alerting people who are deaf Pulling a wheel chair Alerting and protecting a person having a seizure Reminding a person with illness to take medications Calming a person with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder during an anxiety attack

33 Where are Service Animals Allowed? Any and all facilities where the public is normally allowed to go Hospital patient rooms, clinics, cafeterias, examination rooms, stores, public transportation Prohibited areas: operating rooms, burn units.

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35 New ADA Service Animal Regulations Applies to businesses, regardless of the number of employees Enforced by a variety of federal agencies, local govts. And by private attorneys. All entities are required to comply, regardless of their sources of funding.

36 Health and Sanitation codes Establishments that sell or prepare food must allow service animals in public areas, EVEN IF STATE OR LOCAL HEALTH CODES PROHIBIT ANIMALS ON THE PREMISES!

37 CHIEF AND HIS STORY ABOUT HIS FRIEND JOE

38 How Do I Incorporate This Into My Therapy Regimen? PERMISSION FROM MANAGEMENT with legal department review Supply proven research, such as>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Impact of animals on Patients activities, social interactions, mood changes and quality of life Institutional impacts on staff performance, patient census, public relations and program costs Reduction in medical costs, violent acts, need for medications Improvement in staff morale and patients sense of independence Reduction in patients length of stay, use of drugs, suicide attempts, and need for restraints Increases in communication New diagnostic procedures based on patients interaction with pets Palliative Services Bending Stretching Walking Grooming Feeding Motivation Strengthening Talking The ultimate list is up to you are your needs and creativity

39 Some goals of AAT Help participants understand the personal-social skills necessary to function in the real world How to acquire or enhance those skills thru AAT Increase empathy skills Improve self esteem Improve communication skills Increase sense of control Increase mobility Reduce abusive thoughts and behaviors Improve sense of wellbeing Increase cognitive functioning

40 Wounded Warrior Program

41 Pet Therapy Volunteer Programs

42 Some References: The United States Army Medical Department Journal: Canine Assisted Therapy in Military Medicine April-June 2012 EXCELLENT Animal Assisted Therapy: Improving Treatment Outcomes, Course given by University of St. Augustine 1(800) TriService Nursing Research Program, Dr. Krause-Parello American Kennel Club Good Citizen Program and Therapy Dog Program Certificate Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Project BARC North Florida Therapy Dogs, Inc History of Animal Assisted Canines and Childhood Cancer, Mallon, G. (1994) Some of our best therapists are Dogs, Child care forum 23(2): Levinson, B. (1965) The dog as co-therapist., In Annual Meeting of American Psychological Association, NYC December 5, 2009 Journal of creativity in Mental Health, (2006) Is counseling going to the dogs? 2(2) : Child and Youth Care Forum (1999) Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy, (2001) 11, Handbook on Animal Assisted Therapy: Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for practice, 2 nd Edition, San Diego, Academic Press, A. Fine (2006) Understanding the difference between AAA and AAT, December 3, The Pet Connection, Univeesity Press, Bustad and Hines

43 SPECIAL THANKS TO: LORI REDNER, OTD, OTR/L ANNE SCHEFKE, OTD, OTR/L Both are professors at Western Michigan University and have done extensive research in the area of Animal assisted Therapy. Without their assistance this program would not have been possible.

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