IJPHCS Open Access: e-journal

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "IJPHCS Open Access: e-journal"

Transcription

1 THE RISE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN KELANTAN 204: CHARACTERISTICS, GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 2 Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 650 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 2 Communicable Disease Centre Unit, Kelantan State Health of Department, 550 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: Dr Aziah Daud, MD(UKM), Master ComMed(USM) Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 650 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. aziahkb@usm.my ABSTRACT Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease largely attributed to climatic and environmental condition. The occurrence signifies the complex interaction between man, animal host and the environment whereby socioeconomic status, occupation, association with animals, recreational activity and climate are all connected with occurrence of leptospirosis. The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, geographical pattern and associated factors of leptospirosis cases in Kelantan 204. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done among leptospirosis cases in Kelantan 204 based on E-notifikasi database from January 204 to December 204. Climate data were taken from National Meteorology Department. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 and Map Source Version 6 Software. Results: There were 620 confirmed Leptospirosis cases in Kelantan. Majority was Malay (88.7%) and male (63.7%). The mean (SD) age was 33.2 (8.23) years with age range from 2 to 89 years old. Most were in low risk occupational group (6.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed high risk occupation (adjusted OR:.67, 95% CI:.228, 2.273, p=0.00) and age (adjusted OR:.00, CI:.003,.08, p= 0.008) were the significant associated factors. In relation to rainfall, majority of the cases occur from August to December 204 with rainfall range from 60.3 mm to mm. Most resided in settlement area (22.9%), followed by plantation (6.%), rural area (4.4%) and paddy field (3.8%). Conclusions: High risk occupation mostly agricultural workers and food handlers were associated with leptospirosis. Rainfall distribution and type of land were observed to influence number of leptospirosis cases in Kelantan. Combination of these multifactorial factors contributed to leptospirosis in Kelantan 204. Keywords: Leptospirosis, high risk occupation, rainfall distribution, Kelantan Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 52

2 .0 Introduction The incidence of leptospirosis is ranging from 0. to per per year in temperate climates to 0 or more per per year in the humid tropics and may reach up 00 per during outbreaks. The wet and warm climate is favourable conditions for survival of leptospires in environment contributes to the magnitude of the problem in Malaysia. The incidence in Malaysia is estimated between 2 to 5 per per year (El Jalii and Bahaman, 2004). The data from Disease Control Division of Ministry of Health generally showed the increasing trend of Leptospirosis in Malaysia from 2009 to 203 where 48 cases in 2009 and 4457 cases in 203 reported. The same goes for Kelantan state in 204, in which the data from Kelantan State Health Department indicated the case of leptospirosis has increased tremendously up to almost 200 % in year 204 as compared to 203 (Kelantan State Health Department,KSHD,204). Yet, the factors associated to rise of these cases have not yet being described. Therefore this study was conducted to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, geographical pattern related to leptospirosis and the associated factors contributed to the increment of leptospirosis cases in 204. It is known, leptospirosis closely related with environmental factors and climate changes especially rainfall distribution and temperature however to this date after extensive searching of research in Malaysia there is limited published study about the association of environmental factor with occurrence of leptospirosis diseases. This study is very important to formulate effective strategy for control and prevention of the disease. 2.0 Materials and Methods This was a cross sectional study done among leptospirosis cases in Kelantan in year 204. All confirmed leptospirosis cases were taken from E-notifikasi database from first January 204 to 3 st December 205. Leptospirosis cases with coinfection with other diagnosis such as Dengue fever and incomplete data were excluded in the study. No sampling method applied as all eligible cases were included. The information obtained from E- notifikasi database includes sociodemographic data, geographical location based on latitude and longitude and occupational history. The geographical location of leptospirosis cases from E- notifikasi database were transferred to Map Source software version 6 for mapping, geographical distribution and to determine type of land resided by the cases. Data for rainfall distribution and temperature were obtained from National Meteorology Department from first January 204 to 3 st December 204 for Kelantan state. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 22. All continuous variables were described using mean (SD) and/ or median (IQR) whereas for categorical data as frequency (%). The Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 53

3 continuous variables were age while categorical variables were sex, race, citizenship, and occupational classification. At univariate analysis, simple logistic regression was used to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, occupational classification and confirmed leptospirosis. The results of simple logistic regression, crude odd ratio (OR), p- value, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were recorded for each variable. p Value of <0.05 (two sided) was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to predict factors associated with the leptospirosis cases in Kelantan 204. All the variables were tested whether there is an association between factors and confirmed leptospirosis case in Kelantan 204. The final model was presented with adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI), Wald statistics and p- value. The level of significance was set at p- value less than Result 3. Socio demographic characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis cases in Kelantan 204 There were 620 confirmed Leptospirosis cases in Kelantan in year 204. Majority of leptospirosis cases were Malay (88.7%) and male cases contributed about 63.7% outnumbered female cases (36.3%), non-malaysian contributed 7.9 % of the leptospirosis cases in Kelantan. The mean (SD) age was 33.2 (8.23) years with range from 2 years old to 89 years old. Majority of the leptospirosis cases were in low risk occupational group (6.3%). Table shows the sociodemographic characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis cases in Kelantan in year 204. Table : Sociodemographic characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis cases Variable Mean(sd) n (%) Age (year) [range:2-89] 33.2(8.23) Gender Female Male 225 (36.3) 395 (63.7) Race Malay Non Malay 550 (88.7) 70 (.3) Citizenship Malaysian Non-Malaysian Occupation High risk Low risk 57(92.) 49 (7.9) 240 (38.7) 380 (6.3) Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 54

4 3.2 Type of occupation for confirmed leptospirosis in Kelantan 204 The highest percentage of confirmed leptospirosis case was students which contributed 26.9% followed by agriculture worker 22.%, housewife.8% and unemployed 9.8%. High risk occupation such as outdoor worker, food handler medical personnel, and military contributed 7.%, 5.5 %, 2.4% and.8% respectively. Figure shows the proportion of confirmed leptospirosis according to type of occupation Figure : The proportion of confirmed leptospirosis according to type of occupation 3.3 Distribution of leptospirosis cases based on district in Kelantan 204 Leptospirosis cases were distributed in all districts throughout the state with the highest number was in Pasir Mas (53), followed by Kota Bharu ( 94), Kuala Krai (88), Gua Musang ( 88), Machang ( 63 ), Tumpat ( 48 ), Jeli ( 29 ), Bachok (25), and the lowest number were Tanah Merah (6) and Pasir Puteh ( 6 ). Table 2 shows the proportion of confirmed leptospirosis cases and the outcome in Kelantan 204. Table 2: Proportion of confirmed leptospirosis cases based on districts in Kelantan 204 (n = 620) District Cases, n (%) Pasir Mas Kota Bharu 53(24.7) 94 (5.2) Gua Musang 88 (4.2) Kuala Krai Machang Tumpat Bachok 88 (4.2) 63 (0.2) 48 (7.7) 25 (4.0) Jeli 29 (4.7) Pasir Puteh 6 (2.6) Tanah Merah 6 (2.6) Total 620 Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 55

5 3.4 Type of land resided by leptospirosis in Kelantan 204 In relation to type of land resided by leptospirosis cases in Kelantan state, Most of the confirmed leptospirosis in Kelantan 204 resided in settlement area (22.9%), followed by plantation (6.%), rural area (4.4%) and paddy field (3.8%). Table 3: Type of land in relation to number of leptospirosis cases in Kelantan 204 Type of land use Leptospirosis case Frequency % Settlement area Plantation Rural area Paddy field Forest 73.9 Urban area Others Climatological Data in Kelantan 204 The rainfall pattern from January to December 204 indicates variation of distribution over the Kelantan. November and December are the months with maximum rainfalls documented mm and mm respectively. The lowest rainfall was in February with number of rain days only one day with total rainfall less than mm. Mean temperature of Kelantan range from 24.9 o C to 28.2 o C. Majority of the cases occur from August to December 204 between 44 cases to 78 cases with most of the rainfall documented along this month range from 60.3 mm to mm. The lowest number of cases was in February with documented 2 leptospirosis cases. Temperature changes have not much different in Kelantan. Table 4: Climatological data of Kelantan 204 in relation to number of leptospirosis Month Mean temperature o C (Daily minimum,daily Maximum) total rainfall (mm) Number of Leptospirosis cases (%) January 24.9 (23.6,26.2) (4.5%) February 25.4(23.4,26.5) 0.3 2(3.4%) March 26.5(25.2,28.05) (0.8%) April 28.2(27.5,29.) (6.0%) Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 56

6 May 28.0(26.,29.3) (.4%) June 28.0(26.3,29.7) (5.5%) July 27.3(25.7,28.6) (6.6%) August 26.4(25.8,27.4) (2.6%) September 26.4(25.9,27.3) (7.%) October 26.2(25.0,27.4) (9.7%) November 24.5(23.9,27.3) (2.6%) December 25.8(23.2,27.5) (9.8%) 3.6 Factors associated with leptospirosis case in Kelantan 204 Simple logistic regression was used for the analysis of sociodemographic risk factors for confirmed leptospirosis and non-leptospirosis as the dependent variable. The significant unadjusted variables were age, citizenship, race, and occupational classification. Non- Malaysian or basically foreign worker have 2.3 times higher odds to have leptospirosis compared to Malaysian and those who are working in high risk occupation have.8 times higher odds to contracted with leptospirosis compared to those who are working in low risk occupation. Table 5: shows the univariate analysis of risk factors for leptospirosis. Variable β Wald df Crude OR 95% CI p-value Age (years) ,.02 <0.00 Gender Female Male , Race Malay Non-Malay , Citizenship Non-Malaysian Malaysian , Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 57

7 Occupational classification High risk Low risk ,2.458 <0.00 a Simple logistic regression OR = Odds Ratio CI = Confidence Interval df = Degree of freedom In multivariable analysis, multiple logistic regression (MLR) analysis was used to identify the independent associated factors for confirmed leptospirosis. All such variable from the simple logistic regression with p value of < 0.25 were included in multiple logistic regression (MLR). Forward and Backward stepwise variable selection methods were done to obtain preliminary main effect model and the highest numbers of variables were included in the further analysis. The independent variables that were statistically significant as predictors towards the leptospirosis were citizenship, age, race, and occupational classification. Final model of multiple logistic regression showed that high risk occupation group (adjusted OR:.67, 95% CI:.228, 2.273, p=0.00) and age (adjusted OR:.00, CI:.003,.08, p= ) were the significant associated factors. 95% CI p- Variable Β Wald Df Adjusted OR a value Age , Occupational Classification Low risk High risk , Table 6: Factor associated with confirmed leptospirosis by multiple logistic regressions a Multiple logistic regression OR = Odds Ratio CI = Confidence Interval Df = Degree of freedom 4.0 Discussion The mean age of this study was almost similar with the findings by Rafizah et al (203), which is a hospital based study done in Kelantan in 202 with mean age of 39.4 ( 7.6). Most of the study done also found to have the higher percentage of male due to occupational exposure or recreational exposure (Narita et al., 2005). This study indicates that leptospirosis is primarily a disease of productive age group which mostly due to occupational exposure. Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 58

8 This study found that students (26.9%) were one of the predominant occupational types to be contracted with leptospirosis apart from agriculture worker (22.%), and housewife (.8%). This finding contradicted study by Rafizah et al (203) who found the highest percentage was agriculture worker (34.5%) followed by housewives (20.2%) and students only contributed to 8.3% of the leptospirosis cases. Higher proportion of students contracted leptospirosis even though considered as low risk indicated other important risk factor contributed to the diseases such as recreational activities and hobby related to water activity (Sugunan et al., 2009). Housewife despite classified as low risk occupational classification have been shown to be significant risk factors in many of the studies due to handling raw animal meat and guts without protective gloves as well as agricultural work (Joel et al., 20). This study showed Pasir Mas has the highest numbers of cases as its land is mostly agricultural land together with occupational exposure predispose its population to leptospirosis infection. Kuala Krai and Gua Musang which one of the rural area in Kelantan also among the highest numbers of cases whereby the transmission and infection may associated with agricultural and outdoor occupation. Gua Musang is known associated with leptospirosis since 970 in which a study in one of the rubber estates Gua Musang indicated high seroprevalence ratio which reported 42.6% compared to other rubber estates in other states (Tan, 970). This study also found those work in high risk occupational group was significantly associated with leptospirosis infection such as agricultural worker, outdoor worker, military and medical personnel. This finding was strengthened by another study by Angnani et al (2003) revealed similar association of high risk occupation such as agricultural worker and those who involved with animal production has highest seropositivity with up to 35% compared to others workers. The maximum rainfalls distribution occurred in November and December 204 documented total rainfall distribution of mm and mm respectively in which most of the cases occur at this 2 month. This findings was also similar to rainfall pattern in Sri Lanka with rainfall ranging from 400 to 200 mm during northeast monsoon where majority of leptospirosis cases occur (Robertson et al., 202). Heavy rainfall was associated with increased risk of leptospirosis and responsible for numerous outbreak occur worldwide such as in India, Laos, Indonesia, and Brazil (Lau et al., 200, Trevejo et al., 998; Maskey et al., 2006). Temperature in Kelantan did not show any obvious variation and from our study observed mean temperature range from 24.9 o C to 28.2 o C throughout the year 204. In relation to number of leptospirosis cases, temperature changes in Kelantan observed did not show any obvious findings. However in Guadeloupe, leptospirosis incidences has been reported to increased fourfold during following very hot and wet seasons which is associated with two El Nino events (Storck et al., 2008). Evaluation the proportion of the leptospirosis cases that resided by type of lands in Kelantan provided the common type of land encountered in leptospirosis. Our findings were majority of leptospirosis cases resided in agricultural area which included plantation, paddy field, rural area, and tree cultivation followed by resided in settlement area or residential area and urban. This findings were similar with others study whereby agriculture land was associated with most of leptospirosis cases worldwide (Robertson et al,.20). Same goes a study in Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 59

9 American Semoa found people living in agricultural land were statistically significant associated with leptospirosis whereby it is related to exposures to animal and farming activities (Lau et al, 200). 5.0 Conclusions The rise of leptospirosis in Kelantan in 204 was unevenly distributed in all districts without no districts spared from the disease in which most of the cases mainly occur in four districts which were Pasir Mas, Kota Bharu, Kuala Krai and Gua Musang districts. High risk occupation mostly agricultural workers and food handlers, were associated with leptospirosis. However most of the leptospirosis cases in Kelantan occur among low risk group such as students and housewife requiring further study to explore risk factors among student and housewife to be contracted with leptospirosis infections such as recreational history and hobby associated with leptospirosis infections. In this study, temperature changes were observed not to be associated with the number of cases of leptospirosis but rainfall distribution was observed to be one of the climate factor that influence number of leptospirosis cases in Kelantan whereby most of the cases happen in the end of the years 204. Type of lands especially agricultural land favored the spread of leptospirosis infection which is correlated as well with nature of occupation in agricultural workers. Combination of these multifactorial factors contributed to the rise of leptospirosis in Kelantan 204 required multi sectoral control and prevention strategies to combat the diseases. 6.0 Recommendations The result of this study which contributed from secondary data in E-notifikasi database only indicated occupation as one of the significant risk factors of leptospirosis in Kelantan whereby other significant risk factors such as recreational history, hobby and other environmental risk factor such as waste deposits need to be further explored. Therefore these factors are suggested need to be included in the E-notifikasi database so that these significant factors can be studied and analyzed. The association between climate and leptospirosis basically require long duration to identify the pattern of climate changes and leptospirosis infection. As in this study, one year duration is inadequate to establish the pattern and association. Therefore further study should be conducted with longer duration to look pattern and the association of climate and the disease itself. Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 60

10 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Director General of Health Malaysia for data collection from E-Notifikasi database for leptospirosis in which ethics approval was obtained from Ministry of Health (NMRR ). My gratitude and thanks also goes to the Kelantan CDC unit for their assistance during data collection. Declaration Author(s) declare that all works are original and that the research and publication has not been published in a different journal. Authors contribution Author : Prepare research proposal, data collection, data analysis, and drafting final manuscript. Author 2: Contributing in methodological aspects, planning of research activities and reviewed final draft of manuscript Author 3: Contributing in methodology and data collection of the research References Angnani, R., Pathak, A. A. & Mishra, M. (2003). Prevalence of leptospirosis in various risk groups. Indian J Med Microbiol, 2(4), Bharti, A. R., Nally, J. E., Ricaldi, J. N., Matthias, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Lovett, M. A., Levett, P. N., Gilman, R. H., Willig, M. R., Gotuzzo, E., Vinetz, J. M. & Peru-United States Leptospirosis, C. (2003). Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis, 3(2), El Jalii, I. M. & Bahaman, A. R. (2004). A review of human leptospirosis in Malaysia. Trop Biomed, 2(2), 3-9. Joel, N. E., Maribel, M. M., Beatriz, R. S. & Oscar, V. C. (20). Leptospirosis prevalence in a population of Yucatan, Mexico. J Pathog, 20, Lau, C. L., Smythe, L. D., Craig, S. B. & Weinstein, P. (200). Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 04(0), Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 6

11 Lim, V. K. (20). Leptospirosis: a re-emerging infection. Malays J Pathol, 33(), -5. Maskey, M., Shastri, J. S., Saraswathi, K., Surpam, R. & Vaidya, N. (2006). Leptospirosis in Mumbai: post-deluge outbreak Indian J Med Microbiol, 24(4), Narita, M., Fujitani, S., Haake, D. A. & Paterson, D. L. (2005). Leptospirosis after recreational exposure to water in the Yaeyama islands, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 73(4), Rafizah, A. A., Aziah, B. D., Azwany, Y. N., Imran, M. K., Rusli, A. M., Nazri, S. M., Nikman, A. M., Nabilah, I., Asma, H. S., Zahiruddin, W. M. & Zaliha, I. (203a). A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia. Int J Infect Dis, 7(6), e Robertson, C., Nelson, T. A. & Stephen, C. (202). Spatial epidemiology of suspected clinical leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. Epidemiol Infect, 40(4), Sejvar, J., Bancroft, E., Winthrop, K., Bettinger, J., Bajani, M., Bragg, S., Shutt, K., Kaiser, R., Marano, N., Popovic, T., Tappero, J., Ashford, D., Mascola, L., Vugia, D., Storck, C. H., Postic, D., Lamaury, I. & Perez, J. M. (2008). Changes in epidemiology of leptospirosis in , a two El Nino Southern Oscillation period, Guadeloupe archipelago, French West Indies. Epidemiol Infect, 36(0), Sugunan, A. P., Vijayachari, P., Sharma, S., Roy, S., Manickam, P., Natarajaseenivasan, K., Gupte, M. D. & Sehgal, S. C. (2009). Risk factors associated with leptospirosis during an outbreak in Middle Andaman, India. Indian J Med Res, 30(), Tan, D. S. (970). Leptospirosis in rural West Malaysia. Med J Malaya, 24(4), Trevejo, R. T., Rigau-Perez, J. G., Ashford, D. A., McClure, E. M., Jarquin-Gonzalez, C., Amador, J. J., de los Reyes, J. O., Gonzalez, A., Zaki, S. R., Shieh, W. J., McLean, R. G., Nasci, R. S., Weyant, R. S., Bolin, C. A., Bragg, S. L., Perkins, B. A. & Spiegel, R. A. (998). Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage- Nicaragua, 995. J Infect Dis, 78(5), Vanasco, N. B., Schmeling, M. F., Lottersberger, J., Costa, F., Ko, A. I. & Tarabla, H. D. (2008). Clinical characteristics and risk factors of human leptospirosis in Argentina ( ). Acta Trop, 07(3), Vijayachari, P., Sugunan, A. P. & Shriram, A. N. (2008). Leptospirosis: an emerging global public health problem. J Biosci, 33(4), Azimullah AZ, Aziah BD, Fauziah MN 62

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF DENGUE FEVER AND HEATH EDUCATION PROGRAMME AMONG STUDENTS OF ALAM SHAH SCIENCE SCHOOL, CHERAS, MALAYSIA

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF DENGUE FEVER AND HEATH EDUCATION PROGRAMME AMONG STUDENTS OF ALAM SHAH SCIENCE SCHOOL, CHERAS, MALAYSIA ORIGINAL ARTICLE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF DENGUE FEVER AND HEATH EDUCATION PROGRAMME AMONG STUDENTS OF ALAM SHAH SCIENCE SCHOOL, CHERAS, MALAYSIA Balsam Mahdi Nasir Al-Zurfi 1, Maher D. Fuad

More information

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Leptospirosis among Risk population in periphery of South Chennai in India

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Leptospirosis among Risk population in periphery of South Chennai in India International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences ISSN: 2348-8069 www.ijarbs.com DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 4, Issue 2-2017 Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.02.022

More information

ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGY Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ENDEMICITY Status in Sulawesi Selatan Province, Indonesia

ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGY Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ENDEMICITY Status in Sulawesi Selatan Province, Indonesia ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGY Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ENDEMICITY Status in Sulawesi Selatan Province, Indonesia Arsunan, A.A 1, Ade Devriany 2, Anwar Mallongi 3, Arifin Seweng 4, Aisyah 5 1 Epidemiology

More information

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Leptospirosis among Urban Slum Residents in Brazil

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Leptospirosis among Urban Slum Residents in Brazil Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 88(2), 2013, pp. 359 363 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0245 Copyright 2013 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Leptospirosis

More information

Advances in Environmental Biology

Advances in Environmental Biology AENSI Journals Advances in Environmental Biology ISSN-1995-0756 EISSN-1998-1066 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb/ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Dengue Fever Prevention among Community

More information

Situation update of dengue in the SEA Region, 2010

Situation update of dengue in the SEA Region, 2010 Situation update of dengue in the SEA Region, 21 The global situation of Dengue It is estimated that nearly 5 million dengue infections occur annually in the world. Although dengue has a global distribution,

More information

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK LEPTOSPIROSIS TRANSMISSION BY CATTLE IN PLATEAU ERVEN HAMIDA 1, RIRIH YUDHASTUTI

More information

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Spread Pattern of Dengue Fever Incidence and Used of System Information Geographic Data into Surveillance Activities in Dungingi Subdistrict

More information

Research Article Does Comorbidity Increase the Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome?

Research Article Does Comorbidity Increase the Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome? ISRN Tropical Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 139273, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/139273 Research Article Does Comorbidity Increase the Risk of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome?

More information

Tandan, Meera; Duane, Sinead; Vellinga, Akke.

Tandan, Meera; Duane, Sinead; Vellinga, Akke. Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Do general practitioners prescribe more antimicrobials when the weekend

More information

Effectiveness of Educational Module on knowledge regarding Dengue and its prevention

Effectiveness of Educational Module on knowledge regarding Dengue and its prevention International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research www.ijsar.in Effectiveness of Educational Module on knowledge regarding Dengue and its prevention Rajathi Sakthivel* and Sunitha Priyadharshini Department

More information

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research  ISSN: International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Wolde Facha

More information

Update on the Dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region

Update on the Dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region Dengue Situation Update Number 510 14 February 2017 Update on the Dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region Northern Hemisphere China (No update) As of 31 December 2016, there were 2,076 cases of

More information

Awareness, knowledge and practices about mosquito borne diseases in patients of tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai

Awareness, knowledge and practices about mosquito borne diseases in patients of tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Wasnik S et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 Oct;4(10):3673-3677 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original

More information

ANIMAL RABIES IN NEPAL AND RACCOON RABIES IN ALBANY COUNTY, NEW YORK

ANIMAL RABIES IN NEPAL AND RACCOON RABIES IN ALBANY COUNTY, NEW YORK ANIMAL RABIES IN NEPAL AND RACCOON RABIES IN ALBANY COUNTY, NEW YORK SHANKAR YADAV MPH Report/Capstone Project Presentation 07/19/2012 CHAPTER 1: FIELD EXPERIENCE AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY RABIES LABORATORY

More information

Dengue Situation Update Number November 2016

Dengue Situation Update Number November 2016 Dengue Situation Update Number 504 15 November 2016 Update on the Dengue situation in the Western Pacific Region Northern Hemisphere China As of 31 October 2016, there were 1,840 cases of dengue reported

More information

AWARENESS OF FARMERS REGARDING HYGIENIC HANDLING OF THEIR CATTLE TO PREVENT ZOONOTIC DISEASES

AWARENESS OF FARMERS REGARDING HYGIENIC HANDLING OF THEIR CATTLE TO PREVENT ZOONOTIC DISEASES Explor Anim Med Res, Vol.5, Issue - 2, 2015, p. 207-212 ISSN 2277-470X (Print), ISSN 2319-247X (Online) Website: www.animalmedicalresearch.org Research Article AWARENESS OF FARMERS REGARDING HYGIENIC HANDLING

More information

The epidemiology of Giardia spp. infection among pet dogs in the United States indicates space-time clusters in Colorado

The epidemiology of Giardia spp. infection among pet dogs in the United States indicates space-time clusters in Colorado The epidemiology of Giardia spp. infection among pet dogs in the United States indicates space-time clusters in Colorado Ahmed Mohamed 1, George E. Moore 1, Elizabeth Lund 2, Larry T. Glickman 1,3 1 Dept.

More information

Kraichat.tan@mahidol.ac.th 1 Outline Vector Borne Disease The linkage of CC&VBD VBD Climate Change and VBD Adaptation for risk minimization Adaptation Acknowledgement: data supported from WHO//www.who.org

More information

ABSTRACT RESUMEN. West Indian Med J 2005; 54: (1) 42

ABSTRACT RESUMEN. West Indian Med J 2005; 54: (1) 42 Retrospective Review of Leptospirosis in Guadeloupe, French West Indies 1994 2001 C Herrmann-Storck 1, A Brioudes 2, R Quirin 2, J Deloumeaux 3, I Lamaury 4, M Nicolas 1, D Postic 5, JM Perez 1 From: Laboratory

More information

h e a l t h l i n e ISSN X Volume 1 Issue 1 July-December 2010 Pages 16-20

h e a l t h l i n e ISSN X Volume 1 Issue 1 July-December 2010 Pages 16-20 h e a l t h l i n e ISSN 2229-337X Volume 1 Issue 1 July-December 2010 Pages 16-20 Original Article Awareness and practice about preventive method against mosquito bite in Gujarat Niraj Pandit 1, Yogesh

More information

Self-medication with Antibiotics and Antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan INTRODUCTION

Self-medication with Antibiotics and Antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan INTRODUCTION Self-medication with Antibiotics and Antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan Abdelmoneim Awad 1, Idris Eltayeb 2,,Lloyd Matowe 1 Lukman Thalib 3 1 Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty

More information

LEPTOSPIROSIS. Understanding the risk to your dog

LEPTOSPIROSIS. Understanding the risk to your dog LEPTOSPIROSIS Understanding the risk to your dog What is leptospirosis? Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that causes serious illness in dogs, other animals, and people throughout the US and around

More information

Brunilda Lugo, PhD, MS, member APHA Climatic Variables, Migration and Dengue - Cases in Southeast Florida

Brunilda Lugo, PhD, MS, member APHA Climatic Variables, Migration and Dengue - Cases in Southeast Florida CASE Consultants International Climate Arts & Sciences Expertise Asheville, North Carolina Brunilda Lugo, PhD, MS, member APHA Climatic Variables, Migration and Dengue - Cases in Southeast Florida 14 th

More information

Consumer attitude towards poultry meat and eggs in Muktagacha powroshava of Mymensingh district

Consumer attitude towards poultry meat and eggs in Muktagacha powroshava of Mymensingh district J. Agrofor. Environ. 2(2): 159-164, 2008 ISSN 1995-6983 Consumer attitude towards poultry meat and eggs in Muktagacha powroshava of Mymensingh district M. Mahiuddin, H. Khanum, M.A. Wadud, M.A.R. Howlider

More information

Coproantigen prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in rural dogs from Northwestern Romania

Coproantigen prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in rural dogs from Northwestern Romania Coproantigen prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in rural dogs from Northwestern Romania Ştefania Seres 1, Eugeniu Avram 1, Vasile Cozma 2 1 Parasitology Department of Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Direction,

More information

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION OF CATS IN SOUTHWEST OF ALBANIA SHEMSHO LAMAJ 1 GERTA DHAMO 2 ILIR DOVA 2 1 Regional Agricultural Directory of Gjirokastra 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

More information

The environmental aspects of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in India: GIS for epidemic control

The environmental aspects of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in India: GIS for epidemic control International Journal of Mosquito Research 2014; 1 (2): 35-40 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2014; 1 (2): 35-40 2014 IJMR Received: 01-05-2014 Accepted: 12-05-2014 M.Palaniyandi Remote Sensing and

More information

Trends in exposure of veterinarians to physical and chemical hazards and use of

Trends in exposure of veterinarians to physical and chemical hazards and use of Trends in exposure of veterinarians to physical and chemical hazards and use of protection practices Lin Fritschi 1 Adeleh Shirangi 2 Ian D Robertson 3 Lesley M Day 4 1. Laboratory for Cancer Medicine,

More information

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 957-961 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

More information

Wavelet analysis of dengue transmission pattern in Sri Lanka

Wavelet analysis of dengue transmission pattern in Sri Lanka 015; (4): 13-18 ISSN: 348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK IJMR 015; (4): 13-18 015 IJMR Received: 03-10-015 Accepted: 04-11-015 Thiyanga Talagala Department of Statistics, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda,

More information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali,

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, In the name of God Shiraz E-Medical Journal Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2010 http://semj.sums.ac.ir/vol11/jul2010/88030.htm Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, Rwanda. Ashok

More information

A Comparative Study on Dengue Knowledge and Preventive Practices between Pre-University and University Military Students

A Comparative Study on Dengue Knowledge and Preventive Practices between Pre-University and University Military Students Global Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. Volume 3, Number 1 (2015), pp. 35-44 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com A Comparative Study on Dengue Knowledge and Preventive

More information

A Clinical Profile of Dengue in Children of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Davangere

A Clinical Profile of Dengue in Children of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Davangere ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn 0976 3325 eissn 2229 6816 Open Access Article www.njcmindia.org A Clinical Profile of Dengue in Children of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Davangere Vanitha SS 1, Sandhyarani Javalkar

More information

Strengthening Epidemiology Capacity Using a One Health Framework in South Asia

Strengthening Epidemiology Capacity Using a One Health Framework in South Asia Strengthening Epidemiology Capacity Using a One Health Framework in South Asia Pete Jolly, Joanna McKenzie, Roger Morris, Eric Neumann, and Lachlan McIntyre International Development Group Institute of

More information

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. Increasing Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Exposure Before Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Impact on Culture-Negative Disease

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. Increasing Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Exposure Before Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Impact on Culture-Negative Disease ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Increasing Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Exposure Before Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Impact on Culture-Negative Disease Pinky D. Gaba, MD; Connie Haley, MD, MPH; Marie R. Griffin, MD,

More information

Knowledge Aptitude and Perspective Study Regarding Awareness of Dengue Fever among 4th Year Students of Nishtar Medical College, Multan-Pakistan

Knowledge Aptitude and Perspective Study Regarding Awareness of Dengue Fever among 4th Year Students of Nishtar Medical College, Multan-Pakistan Knowledge Aptitude and Perspective Study Regarding Awareness of Dengue Fever among 4th Year Students of Nishtar Medical College, Multan-Pakistan Dr. Sana Ahmad Khan Dr. Hajrah Ahsan Dr. Talha Kareem Post

More information

Prevalence of Aedes aegypti - The vector of Dengue/ Chikungunya fevers in Bangalore City, Urban and Kolar districts of Karnataka state

Prevalence of Aedes aegypti - The vector of Dengue/ Chikungunya fevers in Bangalore City, Urban and Kolar districts of Karnataka state Research Article Introduction Prevalence of Aedes aegypti - The vector of Dengue/ Chikun fevers in Bangalore City, Urban and Kolar districts of Karnataka state N Balakrishnan *, Rakesh Katyal **, Veena

More information

An Epidemiological study on Snakebite in Karwar

An Epidemiological study on Snakebite in Karwar Original article JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY To search..to know...to share ISSN.No.2350-045X An Epidemiological study on Snakebite in Karwar Usha Adiga 1, Sachidananda Adiga 2 Abstract:

More information

Knowledge and awareness towards dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India

Knowledge and awareness towards dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Chellaiyan VG et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 Feb;4(2):494-499 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original

More information

Surveillance of animal brucellosis

Surveillance of animal brucellosis Surveillance of animal brucellosis Assoc.Prof.Dr. Theera Rukkwamsuk Department of large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Review of the epidemiology

More information

Predictors of the Diagnosis and Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Infections

Predictors of the Diagnosis and Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Infections Predictors of the Diagnosis and Antibiotic Prescribing to Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Infections BY RYAN JOERRES CAPSTONE COMMITTEE MEMBERS: DENNIS J. BAUMGARDNER, MD, AJAY K. SETHI, PH.D.,

More information

Report by the Director-General

Report by the Director-General WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ A31/2З 29 March 1978 THIRTY-FIRST WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY Provisional agenda item 2.6.12 f- 6-0- {/> >/\ PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ZOONOSES AND

More information

Cryptosporidium and Giardia shedding among humans and animals in coastal Orissa, India

Cryptosporidium and Giardia shedding among humans and animals in coastal Orissa, India Cryptosporidium and Giardia shedding among humans and animals in coastal Orissa, India Miles E. Daniels Woutrina A. Smith, Arpit Shrivastava, Priyadarshi Sahu, Mitsunori Odagiri, Pravas R. Misra, Pinaki

More information

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Erbil city

Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Erbil city Seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Erbil city Received : 10/8/2011 Accepted: 7/1/2012 Dlsoz Kareem Rasul* Isam Yousif Mansoor * Abstract Background and objectives: Brucellosis is an acute or chronic

More information

Cat admissions to RSPCA shelters in Queensland: A pilot study to describe the population of cats entering shelters and risk factors for euthanasia.

Cat admissions to RSPCA shelters in Queensland: A pilot study to describe the population of cats entering shelters and risk factors for euthanasia. Cat admissions to RSPCA shelters in Queensland: A pilot study to describe the population of cats entering shelters and risk factors for euthanasia. Overview PhD Pilot study Cat entry to shelters Risk of

More information

The Increase and Spread of Mosquito Borne Diseases. Deidre Evans

The Increase and Spread of Mosquito Borne Diseases. Deidre Evans The Increase and Spread of Mosquito Borne Diseases Deidre Evans Mosquito Borne Diseases A rise in temperature is one on of the most common factors contributing to the increase of mosquito borne diseases.

More information

THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2013 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2014

THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2013 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2014 THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2013 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2014 SUMMARY stock accounted for 97.41% of the total In 2013, a production of 695.92 million day-old

More information

ZOONOSIS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS IN COTE D IVOIRE IN THE CONCEPT OF ONE HEALTH : STRENGTHS, CHALLENGES AND PERPECTIVES

ZOONOSIS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS IN COTE D IVOIRE IN THE CONCEPT OF ONE HEALTH : STRENGTHS, CHALLENGES AND PERPECTIVES ZOONOSIS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS IN COTE D IVOIRE IN THE CONCEPT OF ONE HEALTH : STRENGTHS, CHALLENGES AND PERPECTIVES 3RD COORDINATION CONFERENCE FOR THE ZOONOTIC DISEASES ACTION PACKAGE (ZDAP) 28-30 AUGUST

More information

Clinico-epidemiological profile of dengue fever cases admitted at tertiary care hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

Clinico-epidemiological profile of dengue fever cases admitted at tertiary care hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Oza JR et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016 Sep;3(9):2667-2671 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Research Article

More information

Relative effectiveness of Irish factories in the surveillance of slaughtered cattle for visible lesions of tuberculosis,

Relative effectiveness of Irish factories in the surveillance of slaughtered cattle for visible lesions of tuberculosis, Iris Tréidliachta Éireann SHORT REPORT Open Access Relative effectiveness of Irish factories in the surveillance of slaughtered cattle for visible lesions of tuberculosis, 2005-2007 Francisco Olea-Popelka

More information

Short Communication. Retrospective Assessment of Black Leg in Kafta Humera Woreda

Short Communication. Retrospective Assessment of Black Leg in Kafta Humera Woreda Short Communication Retrospective Assessment of Black Leg in Kafta Humera Woreda Gebru Hailu 1 and Berihun Afera 2* 1 Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Welkayt, Tigray, Ethiopia. 2 College of

More information

Appropriate Antibiotic Administration in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia

Appropriate Antibiotic Administration in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia Research Paper Appropriate Antibiotic Administration in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia R. A. KHAN, M. M. BAKRY 1 AND F. ISLAHUDIN 1 * Hospital SgBuloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000 SgBuloh, Selangor,

More information

A Global Health Workforce Through a One Health Framework: A Public Health Perspective. Traditional Subjects in Schools of Public Health

A Global Health Workforce Through a One Health Framework: A Public Health Perspective. Traditional Subjects in Schools of Public Health A Global Health Workforce Through a One Health Framework: A Public Health Perspective Laura H. Kahn, MD, MPH, MPP Institute of Medicine Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education April

More information

Seroprevalence of Dengue in Antenatal and Paediatric Patients - In a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry

Seroprevalence of Dengue in Antenatal and Paediatric Patients - In a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.077

More information

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLIMATIC FACTORS AND DENGUE FEVER: A STUDY IN SUBANG JAYA AND SEPANG, SELANGOR

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLIMATIC FACTORS AND DENGUE FEVER: A STUDY IN SUBANG JAYA AND SEPANG, SELANGOR ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLIMATIC FACTORS AND DENGUE FEVER: A STUDY IN SUBANG JAYA AND SEPANG, SELANGOR Nik Syaza Lina Nik Ruzman, Haliza Abdul Rahman* Department of Environmental and Occupational

More information

Breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and awareness about prevention of dengue in urban Chidambaram: a cross sectional study

Breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and awareness about prevention of dengue in urban Chidambaram: a cross sectional study International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Boornema AR et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018 Oct;5(10):4584-4589 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original

More information

Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are breeding earlier at Creamer s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, Fairbanks, AK

Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are breeding earlier at Creamer s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, Fairbanks, AK Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are breeding earlier at Creamer s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, Fairbanks, AK Abstract: We examined the average annual lay, hatch, and fledge dates of tree swallows

More information

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy*, Vijayageetha M., Sonali Sarkar

Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy*, Vijayageetha M., Sonali Sarkar International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Krishnamoorthy Y et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018 Jun;5(6):2557-2563 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original

More information

Effects of Rabies Elimination Program on Rabies Cases in Bali,

Effects of Rabies Elimination Program on Rabies Cases in Bali, The 1st International Conference on Global Health Volume 2017 Conference Paper Effects of Rabies Elimination Program on Rabies Cases in Bali, 2008 2015 Ayu Putu Madri Dewi, Pandu Riono, and Muhammad Noor

More information

2016 Animal Sheltering Statistics

2016 Animal Sheltering Statistics 2016 Animal Sheltering Statistics Overview of the 2016 Animal Sheltering Statistics from the Shelter Animals Count Database Shelter Animals Count (SAC) is a collaborative, independent organization formed

More information

11-ID-10. Committee: Infectious Disease. Title: Creation of a National Campylobacteriosis Case Definition

11-ID-10. Committee: Infectious Disease. Title: Creation of a National Campylobacteriosis Case Definition 11-ID-10 Committee: Infectious Disease Title: Creation of a National Campylobacteriosis Case Definition I. Statement of the Problem Although campylobacteriosis is not nationally-notifiable, it is a disease

More information

Parasites and their vectors

Parasites and their vectors Parasites and their vectors ThiS is a FM Blank Page Yvonne Ai Lian Lim Indra Vythilingam Editors Parasites and their vectors A special focus on Southeast Asia Editors Yvonne Ai Lian Lim Indra Vythilingam

More information

Brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan

Brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Case Studies in Applied Epidemiology No. 053-D11 Brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan Participant's Guide Learning Objectives After completing this case study, the participant

More information

The impact of poverty on dog ownership and access to canine rabies vaccination: results from a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey, Uganda 2013

The impact of poverty on dog ownership and access to canine rabies vaccination: results from a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey, Uganda 2013 University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection

More information

ORIGINAL ARTICLE. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE FEVER IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH B. Arunasree 1, Prasad Uma 2, B. Rajsekhar 3

ORIGINAL ARTICLE. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE FEVER IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH B. Arunasree 1, Prasad Uma 2, B. Rajsekhar 3 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE FEVER IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH B. Arunasree 1, Prasad Uma 2, B. Rajsekhar 3 HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: B. Arunasree, Prasad Uma, B. Rajsekhar. Epidemiology of Dengue

More information

Rainy With a Chance of Plague

Rainy With a Chance of Plague Rainy With a Chance of Plague Gregory Glass, PhD Director, Global Biological Threat Reduction Program Southern Research Institute Birmingham, AL Professor, Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology

More information

International Activities In Antimicrobial Resistance

International Activities In Antimicrobial Resistance International Activities In Antimicrobial Resistance Tom M Chiller MD MPHTM Associate Director for Epidemiological Science Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases Antibiotic Use and

More information

NB Alhaji 1 * & M Baiwa 2

NB Alhaji 1 * & M Baiwa 2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (P-ISSN 1595-093X/ E-ISSN 2315-6201) Alhaji & Baiwa /Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (2015) 13(1): 29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v13i1.5

More information

SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN DOGS

SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN DOGS SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN DOGS Tongkorn Meeyam, Penporn Tablerk, Boonyaporn Petchanok, Duangporn Pichpol and Pawin Padungtod

More information

Follow this and additional works at:

Follow this and additional works at: University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses 2014 Penicillin Use and Duration of Bacteremia, Length of Stay, and 30-day Readmission in Hospitalized

More information

The European AMR Challenge - strategic views from the human perspective -

The European AMR Challenge - strategic views from the human perspective - The European AMR Challenge - strategic views from the human perspective - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Dr Danilo Lo Fo Wong Senior Adviser on Antimicrobial Resistance Division of

More information

Intestinal parasitic infections are a serious

Intestinal parasitic infections are a serious Paediatrica Indonesiana VOLUME 54 March NUMBER 2 Original Article Albendazole alone vs. albendazole and diethylcarbamazine combination therapy for trichuriasis Windya Sari Nasution, Muhammad Ali, Ayodhia

More information

Awareness about Mosquito Borne Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas of Delhi

Awareness about Mosquito Borne Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas of Delhi J. Commun. Dis. 45(3&4) 2013 : 201-207 Awareness about Mosquito Borne Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas of Delhi Kohli C*, Kumar R*, Meena GS*, Singh MM*, Ingle GK* (Received for publication Oct 2013)

More information

Building Rapid Interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance and overprescribing of antibiotics (BRIT)

Building Rapid Interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance and overprescribing of antibiotics (BRIT) Greater Manchester Connected Health City (GM CHC) Building Rapid Interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance and overprescribing of antibiotics (BRIT) BRIT Dashboard Manual Users: General Practitioners

More information

Infectious Disease Research Linked to Climate Change at CU

Infectious Disease Research Linked to Climate Change at CU Infectious Disease Research Linked to Climate Change at CU Rosemary Rochford, PhD Climate and Health Workshop May 9, 2017 Waterborne diseases: Infectious diseases transmitted through direct contact with

More information

Environment and Public Health: Climate, climate change and zoonoses. Nick Ogden Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

Environment and Public Health: Climate, climate change and zoonoses. Nick Ogden Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Environment and Public Health: Climate, climate change and zoonoses Nick Ogden Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Environment and zoonoses Environmental SOURCES: Agroenvironment

More information

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of rabies among residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of rabies among residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of rabies among residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1 *Abraham Ali, 2 Eshetu Yimer Ahmed and 1 Desalegn Sifer 1 Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute

More information

Trabajos Originales 75

Trabajos Originales 75 Trabajos Originales 75 article_file Click here to download Manuscript: article_file.doc 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Title Surveillance of Human Echinococcosis

More information

Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Zoonotic Disease in and Around Dodola Town, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Zoonotic Disease in and Around Dodola Town, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Zoonotic Disease in and Around Dodola Town, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia Muluken Gezmu 1, Abrha Bsrat 2* and Abebe Mekuria 3 1 Ethio-Chicken, Addis

More information

Source: Portland State University Population Research Center (

Source: Portland State University Population Research Center ( Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Surveillance Report 2010 Oregon Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Office of Disease Prevention & Epidemiology Oregon Health Authority Updated:

More information

Emerging Infections and the Ecotone. Cover: Emerging Zoonoses and Pathogens of Public Health Concern

Emerging Infections and the Ecotone. Cover: Emerging Zoonoses and Pathogens of Public Health Concern Emerging Infections and the Ecotone Cover: Emerging Zoonoses and Pathogens of Public Health Concern To learn more, log on to: www.medicalecology.org An ecotone is a narrow transition zone between one

More information

SCIENTIFIC REPORT. Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in turkey flocks, in the EU,

SCIENTIFIC REPORT. Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in turkey flocks, in the EU, The EFSA Journal / EFSA Scientific Report (28) 198, 1-224 SCIENTIFIC REPORT Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Salmonella in turkey flocks, in the EU, 26-27 Part B: factors related to

More information

Research Article PREVALENCE OF PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL

Research Article PREVALENCE OF PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 1 (2017) : 153-159 153 Research Article PREVALENCE OF PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL R. Chaulagain 1

More information

A cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice of dengue fever among high school students in Villupuram municipality of Villupuram

A cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice of dengue fever among high school students in Villupuram municipality of Villupuram International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Singaravel SS et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018 Feb;5(2):538-543 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original

More information

GLOBAL WARMING AND ANIMAL DISEASE

GLOBAL WARMING AND ANIMAL DISEASE GLOBAL WARMING AND ANIMAL DISEASE A.J. Wilsmore Eight of the warmest years on record have occurred during the last decade, thereby, superficially at least, seeming to support the concept of imminent climate

More information

BITING DENSITY, BEHAVIOR AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIA TUS, SAY IN MYSORE CITY, INDIA

BITING DENSITY, BEHAVIOR AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIA TUS, SAY IN MYSORE CITY, INDIA BITING DENSITY, BEHAVIOR AND AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIA TUS, SAY IN MYSORE CITY, INDIA N Ninge Gowda and VA Vijayan Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasa Gangotri,

More information

Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments

Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Isabela Ribeiro, Manica Balasegaram, Christopher Parry October 2017 Enteric infections Enteric infections vary in symptoms and

More information

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: PROFILE OF CHILDREN BITTEN BY DOGS, REPORTING TO A GOVERNMENT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AND THEIR COMPLIANCE TO POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS Sridhar P. V 1, Shanmukappa 2, Vinay M 3, Anil Kumar K 4 HOW TO CITE

More information

THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2012 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2013

THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2012 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2013 THE BROILER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2012 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2013 SUMMARY produced parent stock accounted for In 2012, a production of 673.87 million day-old chicks

More information

Economic Impact of Dengue in LAC and the World

Economic Impact of Dengue in LAC and the World Economic Impact of Dengue in LAC and the World Matheus Takatu Barros Donald S. Shepard, PhD Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA mtakatu@brandeis.edu shepard@brandeis.edu

More information

Lack of Change in Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Pediatric Hospital Despite Marked Changes in Antibiotic Utilization

Lack of Change in Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Pediatric Hospital Despite Marked Changes in Antibiotic Utilization Infect Dis Ther (2014) 3:55 59 DOI 10.1007/s40121-014-0028-8 BRIEF REPORT Lack of Change in Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Pediatric Hospital Despite Marked Changes in Antibiotic Utilization

More information

Awareness that Dogs Can Be Carriers for Ticks that Transmit Lyme Disease

Awareness that Dogs Can Be Carriers for Ticks that Transmit Lyme Disease Awareness that Dogs Can Be Carriers for Ticks that Transmit Lyme Disease Joshua Fogel and Sherilyne Co Department of Business Management, Brooklyn College Abstract Background and Purpose: Tick exposure

More information

Socio-demographic and treatment profile of outdoor patients attending anti-rabies vaccination clinic

Socio-demographic and treatment profile of outdoor patients attending anti-rabies vaccination clinic International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 2016, Vol 3, No.2,1-5. 1 Available online at http://www.ijims.com ISSN: 2348 0343 Socio-demographic and treatment profile

More information

CIMTRADZ. Capacity building in Integrated Management of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses

CIMTRADZ. Capacity building in Integrated Management of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses CIMTRADZ Capacity building in Integrated Management of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses John Kaneene, John David Kabasa, Michael Muleme, Joyce Nguna, Richard Mafigiri, Doreen Birungi 1 Assessment

More information

Owner awareness and knowledge of canine leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease in Morogoro, Tanzania

Owner awareness and knowledge of canine leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease in Morogoro, Tanzania Owner awareness and knowledge of canine leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease in Morogoro, Tanzania KHADIJA SAID 1*, ABDUL KATAKWEBA 2 and ROBERT MACHANG U 2 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public

More information

Antibiotics Use And Concordance To Guidelines For Patients Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Antibiotics Use And Concordance To Guidelines For Patients Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Antibiotics Use And Concordance To Guidelines For Patients Hospitalized With Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) SF Teoh 1, Samsinah Hussain 1, CK Liam 2 1 Departments of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine,

More information

A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactionspreliminary

A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactionspreliminary A systematic review of zoonoses transmission and livestock/wildlife interactionspreliminary findings Delia Grace; Dirk Pfeiffer; Richard Kock; Jonathan Rushton, Florence Mutua; John McDermott, Bryony Jones

More information

Census versus Capture-recapture Method to Estimate Dog Population in Lumlukka District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, 2010

Census versus Capture-recapture Method to Estimate Dog Population in Lumlukka District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, 2010 Census versus Capture-recapture Method to Estimate Dog Population in Lumlukka District, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, 2010 Vilaiporn Wongphruksasoong 1, *, Santayakorn S 1, Sitthi W 1, Ardkham B 1,

More information