DO BREED-SPECIFIC TRAITS EXIST AND THUS JUSTIFY LEGISLATION?
|
|
- Christiana Jenkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession DO BREED-SPECIFIC TRAITS EXIST AND THUS JUSTIFY LEGISLATION? Author : Jennifer Dobson Categories : Vets Date : July 4, 2011 Jennifer Dobson discusses the effects the Dangerous Dogs Act has on veterinary practices, and muses on the relevance it has to canine development Summary Breed-specific legislation (BSL) controversially pre-supposes that certain breeds are inherently dangerous, and that those not so proscribed are less so. This brings into question whether there is breed-specific behaviour. Any breed-related behavioural traits are much more malleable than physical characteristics, deliberately or accidentally particularly at significant developmental stages and during formative periods, prior to social maturity. It would seem more accurate to refer to breed-typical than breed-specific behaviour. Owners vary greatly in their ability to handle dogs, for a number of reasons, and are likely to be a much more significant single influence on how their dog develops to maturity, physically and behaviourally, than just its breed, with some owners actively seeking to develop antisocial behaviour in their dogs, and to be attracted to a certain type of breed. Banning by breed encourages keeping similarly behaviourally inclined, but physically slightly different, dogs to get round the appearance-dependent legislation. BSL very heavily penalises well-behaved, responsibly owned individuals of the proscribed breeds. Possibly pre-emptive legislation aimed at owners likely to be irresponsible, or to misuse their dogs, may be a better way of preventing injuries from dangerous dogs, while also benefiting the dogs themselves if it prevents them from being kept in situations contrary to good welfare. Key words legislation, breed, owner behaviour, development 1 / 7
2 BREED-SPECIFIC legislation (BsL) is based on the premise that certain specified breeds, namely the pit bull terrier, the fila brasileiro, the Japanese tosa and the dogo argentino, are fundamentally dangerous due to their physical build and behaviour. This controversially presupposes these types are inherently dangerous, without taking context or triggering stimuli into account, and that those not so proscribed are not, or at least not in the same way or to the same degree. Not only does this bring into question whether there is breed-specific behaviour, but even if accepting that it does exist, there can then be great difficulty in identifying a dog as being not only of a certain breed, but a certain type, which includes crosses of that breed, or a mixture of others that can be crossed to bring out the salient physical features of the banned breed. On one side, supporters of BSL regard the Dangerous Dogs Act (DDA) a helpful pre-emptive attempt to avoid dog-related injuries to people. However, opponents of the act consider a dog should be judged not on how it looks, but on how it behaves, hence the campaigning slogan of Deed not Breed. However deed could only be considered retrospectively, and so serious injury may have already occurred or at least a risky near miss. Behaviour is only a small area of the breed identification part of the DDA, but it is a major consideration when assessing whether the dog poses a continuing risk to the public and whether it should be destroyed or is of good enough temperament to be given a contingency destruction order and be added to the Index of Exempted Dogs. This is assuming the owners convince the court of their intention to responsibly follow all the exemption conditions. How does BSL and breed-related behaviour affect veterinary practices? The DDA affects veterinary practices in certain localities virtually every day, with veterinary staff sometimes having to decide how to fill in entries, which may later become part of court evidence, relating to the breed or type of the dog in veterinary practice records and on official signed documents, such as vaccine certificates and pet passports. Additionally, some vets, along with experts from other fields such as dog breeders or show judges are called upon to provide expert evidence in court as to the type or breed of a dog. Vets and veterinary clinics are regarded as a source of advice about dogs, including sometimes advice about different breeds or crossbreeds. In many cases, owners will choose a breed because they, rightly or wrongly, believe there is a greater chance of predicting how their dog s temperament will turn out. 2 / 7
3 The Kennel Club s website, aims to help owners choose the right breed for their circumstances, based on breed characteristics. People may select or discount certain breeds based on factors such as whether that breed is typically reserved or outgoing; quiet or vocal; friendly or wary with strangers; highly energetic or laid back. In addition, physical, practical and aesthetic preference factors such as colour, size and coat type are also likely to be considered. In the best scenario, this advice-seeking allows experienced staff to help guide the prospective owners towards a suitable dog for their lifestyle, taking into account exercise levels and physical prowess of the prospective owner, along with the type being considered, grooming commitments, size, available accommodation and potential inherited medical problems. Even in the more commonly encountered scenario when an owner turns up with a newly acquired pet the clinic can be a source of informed advice about any areas that may need particular care or attention in its upbringing, due to knowledge of any particular breed-related behaviour. This could be a tendency to need a higher than average level of mental stimulation (such as border collies) or exercise (such as Siberian huskies), with due regard for the dog s age and physical development, which can vary with breed size for example, heavy giant breeds needing particular care, such as Newfoundlands. Does canine breedspecific behaviour exist? It is obviously easier to see and assess the external phenotype than behavioural characteristics, the latter being dependent on stimuli including developmental trigger stages to bring them out, and the former being what tends to win the conformational show ribbons (so long as the dog can be prevented from biting the judge). Therefore, the phenotype can tend to be the side of the equation more rigorously pursued by breeders, particularly when breeds are kept less for their original function than their appealing looks, to the point that working cocker spaniels may look quite different to the show variety as do working and show Labradors. Internal and external physical characteristics develop as the dog grows up. Although based greatly on genetics and so largely predetermined, they also depend to some degree on how the dog is reared: food, exercise, health status and whether the dog is neutered or entire. Behavioural characteristics are also founded in genetics, including some of the mood-influencing physiology, but behaviour is much more malleable than physical characteristics with regard to being deliberately, accidentally or incidentally manipulated particularly during formative periods and prior to social maturity. 3 / 7
4 This, in itself, varies between breeds, with smaller breeds tending to be behaviourally mature earlier (at around 18 months), and breeds such as large mastiffs often not being socially mature until they are around three years old. What affects behavioural development? Aside from the well-known fear and optimum socialisation periods, Scott and Fuller (1965) found in their research that they had very good success with dogs of different breeds in teaching retrieving skills when conducted at nine weeks of age. However, if this training was left until 32 weeks, it was much more difficult to achieve, irrespective of whether the dog in question was of a retrieving breed so the age proved more significant than the breed. Coppinger (2004) also recognised there could be windows of opportunity at certain stages, when behaviour could be triggered and strengthened or extinguished, depending on access to experience at that time. As an example, he recounts that, aside from the need to rear livestock, protection breeds among sheep realise their potential from a few weeks of age. When aiming to avoid predatory chase behaviour, if animals exhibiting early signs of it were immediately removed from the sheep pasture, such behaviour may be permanently dropped from their repertoire. He also noted that if the sheep don t run, there is no trigger to allow the guardians to chase, so despite having that potential, they lack the environmental trigger and thus can t reinforce that behaviour. With the exception of emotional significant events or very specific training, most dogs character tends to be fairly wellestablished by the time they are about three years old. Behaviour modification can affect learned behaviour, but it does not change genetics, and it can generally be more difficult to alter learned behaviour acquired and wellestablished during the formative period (up to social maturity) than that learned later. There is also the mutually reinforcing interplay of behaviour being affected by external stimuli, such as other dogs or the presence of potential prey items, which leads to physiological changes such as raised adrenaline and arousal. One effect of this raised adrenaline can be to make the dog more focused on, and reactive to, the significant external stimulus, leading to more internal adrenaline release in a positive feedback loop until the cycle is broken by the behavioural sequence being concluded or aborted for some reason. Breed-specific behaviours those that occur in one breed and one alone are very rare, with one 4 / 7
5 example possibly being the basenji s lack of a bark. However, these dogs are not actually voiceless, and there are other breeds that will yodel in a similar fashion (albeit, they may well also bark at other times). The basenji s unusual physiological characteristic of only having a single season a year is not a renowned feature of other breeds, but may still be found in particular individuals of other breeds, and possibly in some wolf/dog hybrids, as it is also a feature of wolves. A desirable breed trait in one circumstance can be undesirable in others. Breed-typical behaviours are a major reason why certain breeds were developed enabling them to do a specific job, such as tracking, herding or guarding. Different individuals within a breed or type may have stronger, weaker or absent breed-typical behaviour. Alternatively, as individuals, they may exhibit breed-atypical behaviour, such as the few highly aggressive cavalier King Charles spaniels I have encountered professionally (these individuals had been cleared by their referring vets for syringomyelia and other pain-related conditions). Typically, and when taken as a whole, rather than as specific individuals, some breeds such as border collies are more intensively and impulsively reactive than some others, such as Bernese mountain dogs, which is useful when working sheep, but problematic if the dog is nipping children while trying to herd them. Dogs with a historic background of useful, controlled aggression for guarding or security work, such as German shepherds, can sometimes be inclined to need greater than average socialisation with a wide variety of people to ensure the aggression does not become uncontrolled and dangerous. This can also apply to other guarding breeds. Dogs such as beagles, and some other nose-motivated breeds with a higher than average inclination to follow a scent, can work very well when hunting, with followers going after the line the dogs take. However, it can be more challenging to establish a reliable recall with such a pet than with other dogs that are not so distracted or motivated about following a scent. Role of owner ability Most veterinary staff are made aware daily of how owners ability to manage their dogs, and their dogs behaviour, varies greatly. An accomplished, experienced owner can bring out the best from a difficult dog, and channelling its problematically determined behaviour more productively can result in a dog capable of performing above the average level for example, a confident, outgoing and athletic dog that happily jumps up on to the examination table, avoiding anyone having to lift a heavy, twisting weight. That same dog, with a less accomplished owner, may be using that same extrovert confidence and athleticism to determinedly resist being lifted, to wriggle and wrestle its way off the table (making 5 / 7
6 examination less than optimal) or to jump up and hurt people with overexcited nips or claws. No bad dogs? The end product of how a dog behaves is the balance of its own genetically programmed tendencies and how that dog has been influenced by its environment, including how it has been brought up by its owners the nature/nurture interaction. Given that there are an estimated eight million dogs in the UK (RSPCA, 2011) it would seem remarkable if none of those got to a point of being irretrievably, and sometimes dangerously, mentally unstable, be that as a result of genetics, upbringing or both. However, far more often, problem dogs arise as a result of inexperienced owners taking on too much dog for them, like a novice rider being overhorsed. This would manifest itself as owners not recognising and addressing early signs of potential problems, or nervous owners who get a dog for protection without having the confidence themselves to inspire respect for their directives from the dog. Alternatively, there are irresponsible owners who are either in denial about antisocial aspects of their dog s behaviour, or who recognise there is an emerging problem, but don t want to invest the time, effort and possible financial outlay for professional help to address it. Additionally, in some areas there are well-reported, increasing problems with owners who want macho status dogs who will do their fighting for them be that against people or other dogs. These dogs are actively trained and encouraged to behave in an antisocial, aggressive and intimidating manner by like-minded owners, sometimes through encouragement via rough musclebuilding games or by forcing the dogs to aggressively defend themselves. For various reasons, including failing to live up to their owners projected image, these dogs can themselves be victims of aggression and abuse. Some of these owners may consider having an illegal breed as bestowing extra kudos and rebellion. Summary To summarise, there are breedrelated behaviours that can combine with physical characteristics, to make certain behaviours more likely, more significant when expressed or more likely to be intensely expressed in some breeds than others, but these are not likely to be exclusively specific to any one breed rather, they may be similarly exhibited in other dogs bred for similar function. Therefore, banning a particular breed or type is likely to be ineffective, particularly as owners wanting such a dog may switch from a banned breed to a nonbanned breed, with very similar behaviour characteristics, but whose physical appearance puts it beyond the scope of the DDA. BSL also very heavily penalises well-brought up, well-bred and responsibly owned individuals of 6 / 7
7 Powered by TCPDF ( the proscribed breeds, while not providing protection from high-risk individuals of non-proscribed breeds. Overall, owners, in terms of knowledge, anticipation, responsibility, social regard, upbringing and training of the dog are likely to be a much more significant part of the dangerous dog equation than the breed. Those factors include managing what the dog is exposed to at significant developmental stages, and using knowledge of all these factors to ensure the owner acquires a suitable dog for his or her circumstances in the first place. Unfortunately, of course, certain dog types can appeal to certain sections of society, and thus acquire a reputation associated with how they are used in those situations. What next? Going forwards, the options include possibly pre-emptive legislation aimed at owners who are likely to be irresponsible or misuse their dogs. This may be a better way to prevent human injuries from dangerous dogs, and could also benefit the dogs if it prevents them from being kept in situations not conducive to their good welfare. References Coppinger L and Coppinger R (2004). Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behaviour and Evolution, Crosskeys Select Books, London: RSPCA (2011). Citing Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) Pet Statistics 2009 ( Scott J P and Fuller J L (1965). Genetics and the Social Behaviour of the Dog, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London: / 7
Canine bull types breed-specific UK legislation
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Canine bull types breed-specific UK legislation Author : Shakira Miles Categories : Comment, Practical, RVNs Date : June 10,
More informationXII. LEGISLATIVE POLICY STATEMENTS
XII. LEGISLATIVE POLICY STATEMENTS LEGISLATIVE POLICY STATEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Legislative Policy Statements... 12:1 Breed Specific Legislation (Dangerous and/or Vicious Dogs)... 12:3 Responsible
More informationAppendix for Mortality resulting from undesirable behaviours in dogs aged under three years. attending primary-care veterinary practices in the UK
1 2 3 4 5 Appendix for Mortality resulting from undesirable behaviours in dogs aged under three years attending primary-care veterinary practices in the UK Appendix Appendix Table 1: Definitions of behaviour
More informationToday I am here to make two announcements regarding the importation of dogs into Bermuda.
REMARKS BY: THE MINISTER OF ENVIORNMENT, PLANNING AND INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY The Hon. Marc A. Bean, JP, MP ON: Policy Changes Regarding the Importation of Dogs into Bermuda DECEMBER 29 th 2011 Good morning,
More informationJOINT BVA-BSAVA-SPVS RESPONSE TO THE CONSULTATION ON PROPOSALS TO TACKLE IRRESPONSIBLE DOG OWNERSHIP
JOINT BVA-BSAVA-SPVS RESPONSE TO THE CONSULTATION ON PROPOSALS TO TACKLE IRRESPONSIBLE DOG OWNERSHIP June 2012 1. The British Veterinary Association (BVA), the British Small Animal Veterinary Association
More informationDangerous Dogs and Safeguarding Children Contents
Dangerous Dogs and Safeguarding Children Contents 1. Introduction and Definition 2. Legislation Relating to Dangerous Dogs 3. Assessing Risks to Children and Young People 4. Protection and Action to be
More informationDOG 1 CHOOSING THE RIGHT DOG
DOG 1 CHOOSING THE RIGHT DOG A dog can be the most rewarding of pets, but also one of the most demanding. Before you acquire a dog please think first. Is there really time for a dog in your life and your
More informationENROLMENT & APPLICATION FORM. Before filling out this form please read our Guidelines. You will also be asked to sign a Waiver and
ENROLMENT & APPLICATION FORM Before filling out this form please read our Guidelines. You will also be asked to sign a Waiver and Release of Liability. Human Details: Name/s: Address: Suburb: Postcode:
More informationOBJECTIVE: Students will learn basic safety tips when dealing with dogs.
OBJECTIVE: Students will learn basic safety tips when dealing with dogs. Students will learn why dogs cause injuries by learning about basic animal behavior. Students will develop more respect for dogs
More informationAnnual Dog Control. Report to Secretary LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2016/17. Te Kaunihera o Papaioea Palmerston North City Council
Annual Dog Control Report to Secretary LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2016/17 Te Kaunihera o Papaioea Palmerston North City Council 2 Palmerston North City Council Annual Dog Control Report 2017 Palmerston North City
More informationThe Kennel Club has long campaigned for a ban on the use and sale of electric shock collars in Scotland.
PE1555/E The Kennel Club and Scottish Kennel Club response to the Public Petitions Committee - PE1555 (electric shock and vibration collars for animals) call for evidence Summary PLEASE NOTE THAT FOR THE
More informationGuidance: Housing (Scotland) Act 2001
FORTH HOUSING ASSOCIATION LIMITED PETS POLICY Governance: Code: Tenant Services HM13 Approval: October 2016 Review Date: October 2019 Cross Reference: Allocations HM03 Guidance: Housing (Scotland) Act
More informationCONTROL OF DOGS (SCOTLAND) BILL ALEX NEIL MSP
CONTROL OF DOGS (SCOTLAND) BILL ALEX NEIL MSP SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION RESPONSES Introduction The intention of the proposal is to modernise the law on control of dangerous dogs. The consultation document
More informationConflict-Related Aggression
Conflict-Related Aggression and other problems In the past many cases of aggression towards owners and also a variety of other problem behaviours, such as lack of responsiveness to commands, excessive
More informationInsider's Guide To The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel - The Dog Barking Helper HOW TO MANAGE DOGGY PROBLEMS. Dog Barking Help
HOW TO MANAGE DOGGY PROBLEMS Dog Barking Help 2006-2011 www.cavalier-king-charles-secrets.com 1 DOG BARKING Dogs, often called mans best friend, are wonderful companions and certainly an extremely important
More informationBehavior Modification Why Punishment Should Be Avoided
24 Behavior Modification Why Punishment Should Be Avoided What is punishment? Punishment is any intervention intended to decrease the occurrence of an action or behavior. Commonly utilized punishments
More informationCavalier King Charles Club, USA, Inc. Code of Ethics
Cavalier King Charles Club, USA, Inc. Code of Ethics I believe that the welfare of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed is of paramount importance. It supersedes any other commitment to Cavaliers, whether
More informationTemperament and Behaviour Evaluation Lupine Dog. W.O.L.F. v1
Temperament and Behaviour Evaluation Lupine Dog W.O.L.F. v1 Temperament and Behaviour Evaluation Dog Reg. Name: Microchip Number: Owner Name: W.O.L.F. Membership Number: Committee use only: % = Beh score
More informationAn Argument against Breed Specific Legislation
An Argument against Breed Specific Legislation Kasey Reynolds Writing 231 April 23, 2011 Most dog owners would agree that pets are like family; each with their own personality, responses, and personal
More information10 Fiercest And Most Powerful Dogs Banned In Some Countries For Terrible Reasons
10 Fiercest And Most Powerful Dogs Banned In Some Countries For Terrible Reasons Animals Dogs are a man's best friend and when it comes to guard dogs, they are no exception. It's the aggressiveness in
More informationKey considerations in the breeding of macaques and marmosets for scientific purposes
Key considerations in the breeding of macaques and marmosets for scientific purposes Key considerations in the breeding of macaques and marmosets for scientific purposes Laboratory Animal Science Association
More informationSTUDENT MANUAL CANINE SEARCH SPECIALIST TRAINING UNIT 3: ROLE OF THE HELPER
STUDENT MANUAL CANINE SEARCH SPECIALIST TRAINING UNIT 3: ROLE OF THE HELPER Unit Objective Enabling Objectives Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to describe the function of the helper. You
More informationAMERICAN CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL CLUB, INC.
AMERICAN CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL CLUB, INC. ethics: 1. The discipline dealing with what is good and bad or right and wrong or with moral duty and obligation. 2. A group of moral principles or set
More informationThe Right Steps Class Prerequisites & Class Details:
The Right Steps Class Prerequisites & Class Details: (All Puppy & Dog Group Classes below are listed in Alphabetical Order). Adult Dog Basic Training Group Class & Taking the Show on the Road (8 Week Class):
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Introduction Every Dog Is Different... 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...1-4 Every Dog Is Different.................................. 3 Using Play to Enhance Your Relationship...5-10 Telling Your Dog You Want to Play...7 Games to Play with Your
More informationPets and Animals Policy
Pets and Animals Policy Our mission is to enhance the Life Chances of residents and service users through providing great homes, first class services and working in partnership to build sustainable communities.
More informationDog Surrender Profile
Dog Surrender Profile By completing this form you are giving GAWS a written consent to relinquish all rights to your companion animal. To ensure the best possible outcome for your pet, please complete
More informationChoosing the right dog
DOG 1 Choosing the right dog The charity dedicated to helping sick, injured and homeless pets since 1897. Choosing the right dog A dog can be the most rewarding of pets, but also one of the most demanding.
More informationA1 Control of dangerous and menacing dogs (reviewed 04/01/15)
A1 Control of dangerous and menacing dogs (reviewed 04/01/15) 1 Introduction 1.1 For as long as human beings continue to interact with dogs, there will be incidents of dog bites. However, the frequency
More informationORGANIZATIONS THAT DO NOT ENDORSE BREED SPECIFIC LEGISLATION
ORGANIZATIONS THAT DO NOT ENDORSE BREED SPECIFIC This list is not intended to be comprehensive, as there are numerous other organizations that have publicly voiced that they do not endorse BSL. The American
More informationCODE OF ETHICS FOR PIT BULL RESCUE
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PIT BULL RESCUE I. Introduction and Mission Statement Introduction: This Code of Ethics was compiled by a committee of seasoned rescuers and members of the Pit Bull Owners Alliance.
More informationPosition statements. Updated May, 2013
Position statements Updated May, 2013 Pound Seizure The Humane Society of Western Montana is opposed to transferring or selling shelter animals (known as Pound Seizure) for use in scientific research or
More informationEnglish *P48988A0112* E202/01. Pearson Edexcel Functional Skills. P48988A 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Level 2 Component 2: Reading
Write your name here Surname Other names Pearson Edexcel Functional Skills English Level 2 Component 2: Reading 9 13 November 2015 Time: 60 minutes You may use a dictionary. Centre Number Candidate Number
More informationDog Behavior and Training Play and Exercise
60 Dog Behavior and Training Play and Exercise Why are play and exercise important? Play with owners and with other dogs provides your dog not only with an outlet for physical exercise, but also helps
More informationRSPCA SA v Ross and Fitzpatrick Get the Facts
RSPCA SA v Ross and Fitzpatrick Get the Facts RSPCA South Australia is releasing the following questions and answers to address the extensive misinformation being communicated on social media about our
More informationAggression in Dogs Overview Basics
Aggression in Dogs Overview Basics OVERVIEW Action taken by one dog directed against a person or another animal, with the result of harming, limiting, or depriving that person or animal; aggression may
More informationOverview LANCTB1. Observe, assess and respond to the behaviour of dogs. Observe, assess and respond to the behaviour of dogs
Overview This standard covers observing, assessing and responding to the behaviour of dogs. The standard involves understanding the normal behaviour of the type of dog that you are working with and observing
More informationCompanion Animal Management Student Activities
Module 14 Companion Animal Management Questions 1. Humans keep companion, or pet animals, for social contact and pleasure. Identify and describe three of the most prevalent welfare problems that you will
More informationNeighbourhood Manager, Neighbourhoods Business Manager, Neighbourhoods Services Manager, Care and Support Business Manager, Care and Support
Pets Policy Summary: Version: 1.5 This policy sets out Genesis approach to dealing with pets. It applies to all customers that live in properties owned or managed by Genesis. Effective from: 31 March 2016
More informationBreeds of Dogs. Visit for thousands of books and materials.
Breeds of Dogs A Reading A Z Level P Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,300 LEVELED READER P Written by Kathie Lester Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Photo Credits:
More informationREPORT ON QUEENSTOWN LAKES DISTRICT COUNCIL S DOG CONTROL POLICIES AND PRACTICES Financial year
REPORT ON QUEENSTOWN LAKES DISTRICT COUNCIL S DOG CONTROL POLICIES AND PRACTICES 2011 2012 Financial year Section 10A of the Dog Control Act 1996 requires that a territorial authority report each financial
More information1 Pit Bull Guru Position Statement on inherited dog directed aggression in Pit Bull Dogs. Are you sure the dog really is an actual Pit Bull Terrier?
1 Pit Bull Guru Position Statement on inherited dog directed aggression in Pit Bull Dogs Are you sure the dog really is an actual Pit Bull Terrier? Do you even know what a pit bull dog is? This question
More informationTest. Assessment. Putting. to the. Inside Features. Features
Features Putting Assessment to the Test With concerns over the reliability and validity of the behavior evaluations used in shelters across the country, the Center for Shelter Dogs in Boston sets out to
More informationProgress on Improving the Care and Management of Dogs
Progress on Improving the Care and Management of Dogs PUBLIC CONSULTATION 12 October 2017 Ministry of Home Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources RECOMMENDED CHANGES to the DOGS ACT 2008
More informationPediatric Behavior Problems Dogs Basics
Pediatric Behavior Problems Dogs Basics OVERVIEW For the most part, these problems include behaviors that are normal and common to most puppies, but they are not acceptable to the family The undesirable
More informationBattersea response to the Public Audit and Post-legislative Scrutiny Committee s call for evidence on the Control of Dogs (Scotland) Act 2010
PUBLIC AUDIT AND POST-LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY COMMITTEE CONTROL OF DOGS (SCOTLAND) ACT 2010 CALL FOR EVIDENCE SUBMISSION FROM: Battersea Dogs and Cats Home Battersea response to the Public Audit and Post-legislative
More informationInformation Guide. Find a rescue dog.
Information Guide Find a rescue dog www.thekennelclub.org.uk Giving a home to a rescue dog can be an immensely rewarding experience as long as you are prepared to put in extra work if it is needed. The
More informationBehavior Modification Reinforcement and Rewards
21 Behavior Modification Reinforcement and Rewards The best way to train your pet is through the proper use of positive reinforcement and rewards while simultaneously avoiding punishment. The goal of training
More informationInformation Guide. Do you know dog law?
Information Guide Do you know dog law? www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk Do you know dog law? Why do I need to know about dog law? As a responsible dog owner, you need to know about dog
More informationNervous and aggressive cats
CAT 19 Nervous and aggressive cats The charity dedicated to helping sick, injured and homeless pets since 1897. Nervous and aggressive cats When taken home as a pet, a cat or kitten may be quiet and wary
More informationOnce you accept this simple reality, the 'barrier', or more frustrating, aspects of Collie behaviour will start to make more sense.
Border Collies and herding breeds Why are some Collies and other herding breeds sometimes aloof, stubborn and even aggressive? The easiest answer I can give is purely and simply, 'culture shock'. Collies
More informationHuman-directed canine aggression
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Human-directed canine aggression Author : JENNIFER DOBSON Categories : Vets Date : November 12, 2012 JENNIFER DOBSON looks
More informationDAYTON DOG TRAINING CLUB, INC.
DAYTON DOG TRAINING CLUB, INC. DESCRIPTION AND TIMES OF OBEDIENCE, RALLY, AND SCENT WORK CLASSES OFFERED ALL CLASSES ARE OPEN TO REGISTRATIONS BY BOTH MIXED BREED AND PUREBRED DOGS EACH SESSION COSTS $75.00.
More informationFCI group: 1. Kyivska Rus Crystal Cup of Ukraine 2018
FCI group: 1 BORDER COLLIE 5 4 9 MAREMMA AND THE ABRUZZES SHEEPDOG 9 11 20 WELSH CORGI PEMBROKE 39 31 70 SLOVAKIAN CHUVACH 1 1 2 GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG / Long coat 9 14 23 AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD 7 3 10 GERMAN
More informationCanine Breed Composition DNA Analysis Certificate
via-pet.com Canine Breed Composition DNA Analysis Certificate DOG'S NAME Bobby FAMILY NAME Latimer DATE ANALYZED 2016-09-20 ID NUMBER C1231870 LEVEL 1 : Not Present LEVEL 2: Collie LEVEL 3: Saluki LEVEL
More informationRHETORIC 49. A Born Killer? Leah Johnson
8240480_ch03_p040_079.qxd 8/6/08 11:16 PM Page 49 RHETORIC 49 Editor s Note When constructing an argument the author must consider how he or she will use ethos, pathos, and logos to appeal to an audience.
More informationDelaware Valley Golden Retriever Rescue 60 Vera Cruz Rd., Reinholds, PA (717) Behavioral Assessment: Dog Name Josey #2
Delaware Valley Golden Retriever Rescue 60 Vera Cruz Rd., Reinholds, PA 17569 (717) 484-4799 www.dvgrr.org Behavioral Assessment: Dog Name Josey #2 ID NO: 17-294 Arrival Date: 11/7 Date Tested: 11/20 Tested
More informationBe Doggone Smart at Work
Be Doggone Smart at Work Safety training for dog bite prevention on the job No part of this demo may be copied or used for public presentation or training purposes. This is a free introductory demo containing
More informationInformation Guide. Do you know dog law?
Information Guide Do you know dog law? www.thekennelclub.org.uk www.thekennelclub.org.uk Animal Welfare Why do I need to know about dog law? As a responsible dog owner, you need to know about dog laws
More informationWINTER 2016 NEWSLETTER [ HOW TO ELIMINATE JUMPING UP ] WHAT S INSIDE
WINTER 2016 NEWSLETTER www.barktobasicstraining.com [ HOW TO ELIMINATE JUMPING UP ] Many dogs jump up when excited or greeting people. Follow these tips to teach your pup to keep her paws on the floor
More informationSOUTH AFRICAN PONY CLUB. Working Dogs Achievement Badge Workbook
SOUTH AFRICAN PONY CLUB Working Dogs Achievement Badge Workbook Objectives: To be able to identify any 12 breeds of working dog and describe in which sphere they are traditionally used Know the difference
More informationBiting, Nipping & Jumping Up
PREVENTING THOSE BAD BEHAVIORS. Biting, Nipping & Jumping Up 2006-2011. www.boston-terrier-world.com THE PROBLEM WITH PUPPY AND DOG AGGRESSION Probably the most challenging aspect of working with aggression
More informationDAYCARE INFORMATION FORM
DAYCARE INFORMATION FORM BANDILANE CANINE CENTER Joyce Diamond, CPDT 80 Largo Drive, Stamford, CT 06907 ph: 203-975-8151, fx: 203-975-7457 email: info@bandilane.com www.bandilane.com OWNER S NAME ADDRESS
More informationTable of Contents. A Pet Parenting Guide Page 5
Table of Contents Chapter I Wellness Care for Your Puppy s Behavioral Health 11 What is Behavior Wellness? Characteristics of Behaviorally Healthy Dogs Breed and Individual Differences : A Blueprint for
More informationDOG ASSESSMENT FORM. In addition to completing the form from owner responses include your own observations wherever possible. Assessment.
DOG ASSESSMENT FORM The owner is at all times responsible for their dogs behaviour. If at any time during the assessment you feel the dog is anxious or you feel unsafe then politely terminate the assessment.
More informationLegal Supplement Part C to the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette, Vol. 53, No. 17, 30th January, No. 1 of 2014
Legal Supplement Part C to the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette, Vol. 53, No. 17, 30th January, 2014 No. 1 of 2014 Fourth Session Tenth Parliament Republic of Trinidad and Tobago HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BILL
More informationConnecticut Humane Society Canine Pet Personality Profile
Connecticut Humane Society Canine Pet Personality Profile Employee Conducting the Evaluation: The following questionnaire is used to help us learn about your dog. We use this information to help find the
More informationMental Development and Training
Mental Development and Training Age in Weeks STAGE 1 0-7 Puppy is learning good potty habits, bite inhibition, and playing with other dogs. This is where much of the dog s confidence and trust is developed.
More informationWHY A BAN IS THE ONLY OPTION FOR THIRD PARTY PUPPY SALES
WHY A BAN IS THE ONLY OPTION FOR THIRD PARTY PUPPY SALES WHAT IS COMMERCIAL THIRD PARTY PUPPY SELLING? Dogs (puppies) purchased from their breeder with the deliberate intention of reselling them shortly
More informationCLUB GENERAL CODE OF ETHICS. All members of the Southern West Highland White Terrier Club undertake to abide by its general Code of Ethics.
HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER CLUB GENERAL CODE OF ETHICS All members of the Southern West Highland White Terrier Club undertake to abide by its general Code of Ethics. Club Members: 1. Will properly house,
More informationQ1 The effectiveness of the Act in reducing the number of out of control dogs/dog attacks in Scotland.
PAPLS/S5/18/COD/20 PUBLIC AUDIT AND POST-LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY COMMITTEE CONTROL OF DOGS (SCOTLAND) ACT 2010 CALL FOR EVIDENCE SUBMISSION FROM National Dog Warden Association Scotland. Q1 The effectiveness
More informationDep t of Health & Mental Hygiene v. Schoentube OATH Index No. 1677/17 (Mar. 10, 2017)
Dep t of Health & Mental Hygiene v. Schoentube OATH Index No. 1677/17 (Mar. 10, 2017) Evidence established that two dogs, Jacob and Panda, are dangerous under the New York City Health Code because they
More informationApplication for Puppy ***ONLY TO BE COMPLETED BY PERSONS 25 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER***
Page 1 of 6 SAM Southern Alpha Manor 305 W. LD Lockett Road Colleyville, Texas 76034 mccraryannestacy@gmail.com Application for Puppy ***ONLY TO BE COMPLETED BY PERSONS 25 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER*** New
More informationDog Owners SHORT COURSE
STUDY GUIDE Dog Owners SHORT COURSE Completing The Course How To Work Through This Course Over the following pages, you will move through a logical, self-paced learning experience that can enlighten and
More information1 INTRODUCTION 2 GENERAL
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF WHAKATĀNE DISTRICT COUNCIL POLICY AND PRACTICES IN RELATION TO THE CONTROL OF DOGS FOR THE YEAR 1 JULY 2015 TO 30 JUNE 2016 1 INTRODUCTION The Council applies the
More information5. COMPLIANCE. Policy 5.5. Companions Animals Policy. Version 2
5. COMPLIANCE Policy 5.5 Companions Animals Policy Version 2 5. COMPLIANCE 5.5 COMPANIONS ANIMALS POLICY OBJECTIVE: Council s objectives in relation to the management of companion animals are to: Manage
More informationEvaluation of XXXXXXX mixed breed male dog
Evaluation of XXXXXXX mixed breed male dog Evaluation at Paradise Pet 48 West Passaic Ave - Bloomfield, NJ on April 29, 2013 Conducted by Jeff Coltenback; assisted by Mike Trombetta Video by Diana Coltenback
More informationMid Devon District Council HOUSING PETS AND
Mid Devon District Council HOUSING SERVICES PETS AND ANIMALS POL ICY September 2011 v3.5 Contents PART 1: Statement of Policies Policy Statement 2 Definitions 2 Keeping Animals and Pets 2 General Rules
More informationEXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO THE DOCKING OF WORKING DOGS TAILS (ENGLAND) REGULATIONS No. [XXXX]
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM TO THE DOCKING OF WORKING DOGS TAILS (ENGLAND) REGULATIONS 2007 2007 No. [XXXX] 1. This explanatory memorandum has been prepared by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural
More informationDAYTON DOG TRAINING CLUB, INC.
DAYTON DOG TRAINING CLUB, INC. DESCRIPTION AND TIMES OF OBEDIENCE, RALLY, AND SCENT WORK CLASSES OFFERED ALL CLASSES ARE OPEN TO REGISTRATIONS BY BOTH MIXED BREED AND PUREBRED DOGS EACH SESSION COSTS $75.00.
More informationTRAINING & BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE
10832 Knott Avenue Stanton, CA 90680 Phone: (714) 821-6622 Fax: (714) 821-6602 info@crossroadspetresort.com TRAINING & BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE Please return these forms prior to the day of consultation.
More informationDachs-Life Report on the Dachshund Breed Council s Health Survey. Report 2: Behaviour and Temperament
Dachs-Life 2012 Report on the Dachshund Breed Council s Health Survey Report 2 Behaviour and Temperament Dachs-Life 2012 Report 2 - June 2012 Page 1 of 14 Introduction Dachs-Life 2012 was a survey of UK
More informationManagement of bold wolves
Policy Support Statements of the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (LCIE). Policy support statements are intended to provide a short indication of what the LCIE regards as being good management practice
More informationAdopting a rescue dog
Adopting a rescue dog There are a variety of reasons why a dog may end up in a rescue centre, these may include, a change of circumstances e.g. change in job or home, a partnership splitting up, starting
More informationTESTING AND TRAINING FOR PROPER DEFENSE AGGRESSION
TESTING AND TRAINING FOR PROPER DEFENSE AGGRESSION My introduction to training dogs to pass a sport test goes back almost 50 years. Testing an adult dog for sport suitability consists of various assessments
More informationYAMNUSKA WOLFDOG SANCTUARY ADOPTION PACKAGE
YAMNUSKA WOLFDOG SANCTUARY ADOPTION PACKAGE CONTENTS 01 LETTER TO POTENTIAL ADOPTERS 02 THE ADOPTION PROCESS 03 QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 04 Bringing a Wolfdog Home 05 Frequently Asked Questions
More informationGuide Dogs Puppy Development and Advice Leaflet. No.6 Recall and Free Running
Guide Dogs Puppy Development and Advice Leaflet No.6 Recall and Free Running 1 Table of Contents 3 Teaching relief behaviour and routines to guide dog puppies 3 How to introduce recall 6 The free run procedure
More informationEXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSTIC I Muzzles. KRUUSE Muzzle Guide.
KRUUSE Muzzle Guide KRUUSE Extreme Dog Muzzle n Easy to fit n Tough and durable, yet flexible and soft n Variable collar adjustment n Safe and strong dog muzzle with strategic addition of struts at front
More informationAt Isle of Dogs we have created a Coat Check that is as individual as the dog and its coat.
A dog s coat is a vital barometer of his well being. Unlike their human counterparts, our canine friends coats cover not just their heads, but their entire bodies. Their skin and coat are what separates
More informationClicker Training Guide
Clicker Training Guide Thank you for choosing the PetSafe brand. Through consistent use of our products, you can have a better behaved dog in less time than with other training tools. If you have any questions,
More informationWorking Dogs in the 18th and 19th Century
Working Dogs in the 18th and 19th Century Information for Reenactors and dog lovers! General Information Jobs for Dogs in the 18th Century - Native American - Hunting- large dogs capable of tracking and
More informationDesensitization and Counter Conditioning
P A M P H L E T S F O R P E T P A R E N T S Desensitization and Counter Conditioning Two techniques which can be particularly useful in the modification of problem behavior in pets are called desensitization
More informationEXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSTIC I Muzzles. KRUUSE Muzzle Guide.
KRUUSE Muzzle Guide KRUUSE Extreme Dog Muzzle n Easy to fit n Tough and durable, yet flexible and soft n Variable collar adjustment n Safe and strong dog muzzle with strategic addition of struts at front
More informationGerman Shepherd Dog Diane Lewis. The Joys and Advantages of Owning an AKC -Registered Purebred Dog
German Shepherd Dog Diane Lewis The Joys and Advantages of Owning an AKC -Registered Purebred Dog The Joys and Advantages of Owning Golden Retriever AKC You may want a dog for many different reasons. Perhaps
More informationDeafblind Scotland vision A society in which deafblind people have the permanent support and recognition necessary to be equal citizens
Deafblind Scotland vision A society in which deafblind people have the permanent support and recognition necessary to be equal citizens Deafblind Scotland Policy on Assistance Dogs in the Work Place Introduction
More informationDogs Trust Pawlicy Document
Dogs Trust Pawlicy Document 1891 Dogs Trust was founded as the National Canine Defence League 1908 Dogs Trust introduced the Cruelty to Animals (Amendment) Bill 1912 Our first rehoming centre opened its
More informationAnnual Review of Cases 1996
Annual Review of Cases 1996 Annual Reports have been produced by the APBC since 1994. The data, which represents a portion of the cases seen by the whole membership, provides useful information for both
More informationAdoption Application. The Adoption Process
Adoption Application The Adoption Process Thank you for your interest in a rescued Border Collie! Please review the application process below before submitting your application. Please remember that every
More informationPuppy Development. Part One
Puppy Development Part One Periods of Development Neonatal from birth to two weeks - the puppy is totally dependant on its mother Transitional from two to three weeks- the beginning stages of independence
More informationGuide Dogs Puppy Development and Advice Leaflet. No. 4 Identifying and preventing aggressive behaviours inguide dog puppies
Guide Dogs Puppy Development and Advice Leaflet No. 4 Identifying and preventing aggressive behaviours inguide dog puppies 1 Table of Contents 3 Standard 3 What is aggression? 4 Motivators for aggressive
More information