Genus Cotugnia was erected by Diamare, 1893 with

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1 The Asian Journal of Animal Science (December, 2010), Vol. 5 Issue 2 : RESEARCH ARTICLE Taxonomic observation of Cotugnia Indiana sp. Nov. (Cestoda: Davaineidae, Fuhrmann 1907) from Columba livia CHANDRASHEKHAR RAMESHWAR KASAR, DHANRAJ BALBHIM BHURE, SANJAY SHAMRAO NANWARE AND M.B. SONUNE Received : Aug., 2010; Revised : Sep., 2010; Accepted : Nov., 2010 See end of the article for authors affiliations CHANDRASHEKHAR RAMESHWAR KASAR, Department of Zoology, S.P.M. Science, Gilani Arts, Commerce College, Ghatanji, YEVATMAL (M.S.) INDIA ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with a new species of the genus Cotugnia (Dimare, 1893) from the intestine of Columba livia, at Dharni Dist Amravati, M.S. India. The new species Cotugnia indiana comes closer to all the known species of the genus Cotugnia in general topography of organ but differs due to scolex square, which bears four suckers. Rastellum large, oval, placed anteriorly to scolex with rostellar hooks. Neck medium, broader than long. Mature proglottids almost five times broader than long, with lateral margin slightly concave, each proglottid is having double set of reproductive organs. Testes oval to rounded in shape, in numbers. Cirrus pouch small, oval, obliquely placed. Cirrus thin, coiled, within cirrus pouch. Vas deferens tubular, coiled, runs obliquely. Cirrus and vagina open from common genital pore which is small, oval to rounded, marginally placed. Vagina is thin tube, runs transversely, posterior to cirrus pouch. Receptaculum seminis thin, coiled tube, reaches to ootype. The ootype is medium; ovary bilobed, lobes are slightly unequal. Vitelline gland large, compact. Longitudinal excretory canals long, tubular. Key words : Cestoda, Cotugnia indiana Sp. Nov., Davaineidae, Columa livia Genus Cotugnia was erected by Diamare, 1893 with type species C.digonopora (Pa squle, 1890) collected from the domestic fowl. So far following species of the avian cestode Genus Cotugina have been reported. C. digonopora (Pasquale, 1890), Diamare, C.polyacantha, Fuhrmann, C. cuneatea tenuis, Meggitt, C. joyeuxi Baer, C. parva Baer, 1925 C. fleari Meggitt, C. bahli Johri, C. intermedia Johri, C. noctua Johri, C. taiwanensis Yamaguti, C. rimandoi Tubangui et Masilungan, C. magna Burt, C. aurangabadensis, Shinde, C. columbae, Shinde, Kasar, Chandrashekhar Rameshwar, Bhure, Dhanraj Balbhim, Nanware, Sanjay Shamrao and Sonune, M.B. (2010). Taxonomic observation of Cotugnia Indiana sp. Nov. (Cestoda: Davaineidae, Fuhrmann 1907) from Columba livia. Asian J. Animal Sci., 5(2): C. srivastavi, Malviya and Datta, C. magdoubii, Magzoubi and Kasim, C. satpulensis, Malhotra and Capoor, C. yamaguti, Shinde, C. vishakhapatnamensis Kolluri, C. rajivji Jadhav et al., C. kamatiensis, Kharade and Shinde, C. chengmaii C. Wongsawad and Jadhav C. manishae, Shinde, C. ganguae Shinde, C. mehdii Mahajan et al., C. alii, Shinde et al., C. sillodensis Jadhav et al., C. singhi Pawar et al., C. lohaensis Jadhav et al., C.shankari Tat and Jadhav C. liviae Patil et al., C.streptopelii Jadhav et al., C. hafeezi Nanware et al., 2010 MATERIALS AND METHODS During the course of investigation 09 cestode parasites were collected from the intestines of Columba livia. These cestodes were washed with water, fixed in 5% formalin for 24 hours. Subsequently, they were

2 CHANDRASHEKHAR RAMESHWAR KASAR, DHANRAJ BALBHIM BHURE, SANJAY SHAMRAO NANWARE AND M.B. SONUNE washed in running tap water, dehydrated thought a graded series of alcohols and stained in Harris Haematoxylin, cleared in xylol and mounted in DPX. Camera lucida drawing were made from permanent preparations. Measurements were taken with aid of an occulometer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Description Based on nine specimens) (Fig. 1 & 2) All the cestodes were about 62 millimeter long, creamy whitish in colour having scolex, neck, immature and mature proglottids. The scolex is squarish in shape, large, broad in the middle, narrow towards the posterior side and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Scolex bears four suckers, oval to rounded in shape, muscular, placed at each corners and measures x mm in length and breadth. Rostellum large, oval in shape, placed in anteriorly, having rostellar rings with rostellar hooks, and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. The rostellar hooks are in numbers, arranged is single circle and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. The scolex is followed by medium neck, slightly wider anterior and narrow posterior, broader than long and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Mature proglottids broader than long, almost five times broader than long, medium, with slightly concave lateral margin, each proglottid bears double set of reproductive organs and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Testes oval to rounded in shape, placed at central side of segment, in between ovary, in numbers and measures x0.053 mm in length and breadth. Cirrus pouch small, oval, obliquely placed, marginally at anterior side of the segment and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Cirrus short, thin, Scolex Mature Proglottids Fig. 1: Micro-photoplate of Cotugnia indiana Sp. Nov. coiled tube, within the cirrus pouch and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth, and forms vas deferens, which is tubular, coiled, runs obliquely and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Cirrus and vagina opens from common genital pores, which is small, oval to rounded, marginally placed at 1/3 rd of anterior side of segment and measures 0.041( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Vagina is thin tube, opens from genital pores, runs transversely, posterior to the cirrus pouch and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth, and forms receptaculum seminis which is short, coiled tube and reaches to ootype and measures ( ) x ( ) mm in length and breadth. Ootype is medium, rounded in shape, placed in between two lobes of the ovary and measures mm in length and breadth. Ovary is bilobed, lobes are slightly unequal, with irregular margin, left lobe measures ( ) x ( ) mm and right lobe measures ( ( )) mm in length and breadth. Vitelline gland is compact, large, oval is shape, post-ovarian and measures mm in length and breadth. Longitudinal excretory canals present on either side of the segment, long, tubular or measures ( ) x ( ) in length and breadth. The genus Cotugnia is erected by Diamare (1893) with its type species C.digonopora (Pasqule, 1890) collected from the domestic fowl. Subsequently, thirty two species have been added to the genus viz. C.digonopora (Pasquale, 1890) Diamare, 1893; C.polyacantha Fuhrmann, 1909; C.cuneatea tenuis Meggitt, 1924; C.Joyeuxi Baer, 1925; C.parva Baer, 1925; C.fleari Meggitt, 1927; C.bahli Johri, 1934; C.intermedia Johri, 1934; C. noctua Johri, 1934; C.taiwanesis, Yamaguti, 1935; C.rimandoi Tubangui et. Masilungam, 1937; C.magna Burt, 1940; C.aurangabadensis Shinde, 1969; C.columbae, Shinde 1969; C.srivastavi Malviya and Datta, 1970; C.magdoubii Magzoubi et al.,1980; C.satpulensis Malhotra and Capoor, 1983; C. yamagutii Shinde, 1985; C. vishakhapatnamensis Kolluri et al., 1988; C.rajivji Jadhav et al., 1994; C. kamatensis Kharade and Shinde, 1995; C.chengmaii C. wongsawad and Jadhav, 1988; C.manishae Shinde, 1999; C. ganguae Shinde, 1999, C.mehdii Mahajan et al., 1999, C. alii Shinde et al., 2002; C. sillodensis Jadhav et al., 2004; C. Singhi Pawar et al., 2004; C. lohaensis Jadhav et al., 2004; C.shankari Tat and Jadhav 2005; C. liviae Patil et al., 2005; C.streptopelii Jadhav et al., The new form Cotugnia indiana sp.nov. comes [Asian. J. Animal Sci. (Dec., 2010) Vol. 5 (2) ] 194

3 TAXONOMIC OBSERVATION OF Cotugnia Indiana SP. NOV. (CESTODA: DAVAINEIDAE, FUHRMANN 1907) FROM Columba Livia testes in numbers; cirrus pouch mm in length. The present form differs from C.noctua Johri, 1934 by having scolex 0.51 mm in diameter, rostellum mm in diameter, testes in numbers, cirrus pouch mm in length. It differs from C.taiwanensis Yamaguti, 1935 due to scolex mm in diameter, Rostellum 0.44 mm in diameter, rostellar hooks 200 in numbers, testes in numbers. The Cotugnia indiana Sp.Nov. differs from C.rimandoi Tubangui et Masilungam, 1937 in having hooks 300 in numbers, testes in numbers.the new form also differs from C.magna Burt, 1940 in having scolex mm in diameter; rostellum mm in diameter, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes 150 in numbers, cirrus pouch mm in length. It differs from C.aurangabaensis Shinde 1969 in having scolex Broad, mm in diameter, Rostellum flat, mm in diameter, rostellar hooks small rounded, in numbers; cirrus pouch slender, 1.30 x mm in length and breadth, genital pore slightly anterior to middle of the segments. Ovary compact. The present cestode differs from C.columbae Shinde, 1969 due to shape and size of scolex wide, mm in diameter; rostellum mm in diameter, hooks 1200in numbers, testes in numbers, cirrus pouch narrow, short, 0.3 mm in length, ovary bilobed, vitelline gland absent. It differs from C.srivastavi Malviya and Dutta, 1970 in having scolex mm in diameter, rostellum mm in diameter and testes in numbers. The Cotugnia Indiana Sp.Nov. further differs from C.magdoubii, Magzoubi and Kasim, 1980 in having scolex mm in diameter, rostellum mm in diameter, cirrus pouch mm in length. The present cestode differs from C.satpulensis Malhotra and Capoor, 1983 in having scolex mm in diameter, rostellum mm in diameter, number of rostellar hooks are 337, testes in numbers, cirrus pouch mm in length. The present worm differs from C.yamagutii Shinde et al., 1985 in having scolex mm in diameter, Rostellum rounded, mm in diameter, hooks 500 in numbers, testes in numbers; size of cirrus pouch x mm in length and breadth. The present form differs from C.vishakhapatnamensis Kolluri 1988 by having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth.the present cestode differs from C.rajivji Jadhav et al., 1994 in having shape and size of scolex oval, mm in diameter, rostellum mm in diameter, Number of rostellar hooks are , testes in numbers, cirrus pouch mm in length, vitelline gland small, rounded. The present worm C. indiana Sp. Nov. differs from Rostellar Hooks 0.5 mm Scolex Mature Proglottids Fig. 2: Camera Lucida diagram of Cotugnia indiana Sp. Nov. closer to all reported above mentioned species in general topography of organs, but differs from C.digonopora Pasqule 1890, Diamare, 1893 in having scolex 1.5 mm in diameter, rostellum 0.15 mm in diameter, Rostellar hooks numerous, testes in number and cirrus pouch mm in length; it differs from C.polyacontha Fuhrmann, 1909 in having scolex 0.45 mm in diameter, rostellum 0.22 mm in diameter, rostellar hooks 420 in numbers, testes 100 in numbers, cirrus pouch0.180 mm in length. The present specimen differs from C.cuneatea tenuis Meggitt, 1924 due to scolex Rounded, 0.26 mm in diameter and Rostellum rounded, 0.12; it differs from C.joyeuxi Baer, 1925; by having scolex 0.67 mm in diameter, rostellar hooks 0.19 mm in dimeter; rostellar hooks 250 in number; testes in numbers, cirrus pouch mm in length and reported from Turtur sengalensis. The present form differs from C. parva Baer, 1925 due to scolex x mm in length and breadth; Rostellum 0.15 mm in diameter; Rostellar hooks in number, testes in number, cirrus pouch mm in length. The worm under discussion differs from C.fleari Meggitt, 1927 in having scolex in diameter, testes in numbers; cirrus pouch mm in length. The present form differs from C.bhali Johri, 1934 due to scolex 0.50 mm in diameter; rostellum 0.34 mm in diameter; rostellar hooks 332 in numbers; testes in number; cirrus pouch mm in length. It differs from C.intermedia Johri, 1934 in having scolex mm in diameter, [Asian. J. Animal Sci. (Dec., 2010) Vol. 5 (2) ] 195

4 CHANDRASHEKHAR RAMESHWAR KASAR, DHANRAJ BALBHIM BHURE, SANJAY SHAMRAO NANWARE AND M.B. SONUNE C.kamatensis Kharade and Shinde, 1995 by having scolex squarish, x mm in length and breadth, Rostellum small, 0.018x mm in length and breadth; rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers; cirrus pouch oval, cylindrical, mm in length; Vagina anterior to cirrus pouch. The present Tapeworm C. indiana Sp. Nov. differs from C.chengmaii. Wangsawad et al., 1998 by having scolex 0.58x mm in diameter; Rostellum x mm in length and breadth; testes in numbers, cirrus pouch 0.32 x mm in length and breadth; vagina x mm in length and breadth. The present worm differs from C.manishae Shidne et al., 1999 in having scolex mm in diameter, rostellum 0.22 x mm in diameter, hooks mm in numbers, testes in numbers, size of cirrus pouch x in length and breadth, ovary, compact, oval and Vitelline gland oval to triangular. The C. indiana Sp.Nov. differs from C.ganguae Shinde et al., 1999 in having scolex x mm in diameter, rostellum x mm in diameter, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers, Size of cirrus pouch mm in length. The present form differs from C.mehdii Mahajan et al., 1999 due to size of scolex x mm in diameter, size of rostellum x mm in diameter, hooks 110 in numbers, testes in numbers and length of cirrus pouch is mm. The present tapeworm C. indiana differs from C.alii, Shinde et al., 2002 in having scolex x mm in diameter, rostellum 0.279x mm in diameter, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers, size of cirrus pouch x mm in length and breadth, vas deferens x in length and breadth, ovary x mm in length and breadth and size of vagina x mm in length and breadth. The present form differs from C.sillodensis Jadhav et.al. 2003, in having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth; Size of rostellum x mm in diameter; rostellar hooks in numbers; size of cirrus pouch x in length and breadth; shape and size of ovary irregular, medium, x mm in length and breadth and vitelline gland small. The worm differs from C.singhii, Pawar et al., 2004 by having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth, rostellum x mm in length and breadth, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers, size of cirrus pouch x mm in length and breadth and ovary H shaped. The present worm differs from C.lohaensis, Jadhav et al., 2004 by having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth, size of rostellum x mm in length and breadth, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers, size of cirrus pouch x mm in length and breadth and size of ovary x mm in length and breadth. The present worm differs from C.shankari Tat and Jadhav, 2005 by having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth, size of rostellum x mm in length and breadth, rostellar hooks in numbers, testes in numbers and size of cirrus pouch mm in length. The Cotughia indiana Sp.Nov differs from Cotugnia streptopelli Jadhav et al., 2009 by having size of scolex x mm in length and breadth, testes in numbers, size of ovary x mm in length and breadth, size of vas deferens x mm in length and breadth and size of vagina mm in length. The Cotughia indiana Sp.Nov differs from Cotugnia hafezi Nanware et al., 2010 in having shape of scolex quadangular, size of the scolex x x in length and breadth, size of rostellum X in length and breadth, rostellar hooks in numbers and testes in numbers From the above discussion it is clear that the species under discussion is new to science and differs from the known valid species of the genus Cotugnia in respect to taxonomic characteristics on the basis of presence of above mentioned differences and variations the authors convinced to place the present form in new species viz. Cotugnia indiana Sp.Nov. The species is named after the name of country India. Taxonomic summary: Type species Cotugnia indiana Sp.Nov. Host Columba livia Habitat Intestine Locality Dharni Dist Amravati, M.S. India. Period of Jan., 2003 to Dec., collection No. of Specimen 09 Deposition Etymology Research Laboratory, Shri. Shivaji Science, Arts and Commerce College, Chikhali Dist- Buldhana. The species is named after the name of country India. [Asian. J. Animal Sci. (Dec., 2010) Vol. 5 (2) ] 196

5 TAXONOMIC OBSERVATION OF Cotugnia Indiana SP. NOV. (CESTODA: DAVAINEIDAE, FUHRMANN 1907) FROM Columba Livia Authors affiliations: DHANRAJ BALBHIM BHURE AND SANJAY SHAMRAO NANWARE, Research and Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, NANDED (M.S.) INDIA M.B. SONUNE, Department of Zoology, Shri. Shivaji Science, Arts and Commerce College, Chikhali, BULDHANA (M.S.) INDIA LITERATURE CITED Baer, J.C. (1924). Contributional fauna Helminthologiansub africanae Note Preliminaire. Ann. Par. 2: Baer, J.C. (1925). Quelegues cestode of seux nouveaux et pevv. Conus. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuschatel, 49: Burt, D.R.R. (1940). New avian cestodes of family Davaineidae from Ceylon. Ceylon J. Sci. 22: Diamare, V. (1893). Note sur cestodi Bull, Soc, Nature, Nepoli, 7: Jadhav, B.V. and Gore, G.D. (2004). A new species of genus Cotugnia (Diamare, 1813) from pigeon, Columba livia at Loha, Indian Nat. J. Life Sci., 1(1): Jadhav, B.V., Kadam, M.N., Bawane, V.S. and Nanware, S.S. (1994). A new cestode Cotugnia rajivji sp. nov. from Columba livia at Hyderabad A.P. India. Rivista Di Parasitologia., XI (LV) N-3 PP Jadhav, B.V., Khadap, R.M. and Thorat, B.S. (2004). A new species of the genus Cotugnia (Diamare, 1893) from Gallus domesticus at Sillod, Dist. Aurangabad (M.S.) India. Indian J. Helminthology, 21: Jadhav, G.P., Makne, H.D., Pawar, D.D. and Pawar, S.B. (2009). A new species of genus Cotugnia Diamare, 1893 (Eucestoda: Davaineidae) from Streptopelia decacto Maharashtra, India. Asian J. Ani. Sci., 4(2): Johri, L.N. (1934). Report on a collection of cestodes from Lucknow. Rect. Ind. Mus. 36: Kharade, S.V. and Shinde, G.B. (1995). On a new species of Cotugnia Diamare, 1893 (Cestoda:Davaineidae) from Gallus domesticus. Rivista Di Parasitologia., XII(LVI) N-3 PP Kollura, R., Lakshmi, C.V. and Rao, K.H. (1988). On genus Cotugnia includuding a new species from a domestic pegion. Riv. Di parasitologia, 3(2): Lopez-Neyra, C.R. (1950). Revision del genera Cotugnia Motivadier par et estudia deura especie Nueva Lolloda en La Lortola de granda. Rev. Iber. Par., 70: [Asian. J. Animal Sci. (Dec., 2010) Vol. 5 (2) ] 197 Magzoubi, M., Kasim, A.B. and Shawa, Y. (1980). Three new species (Cestode: Davaineidae) from the rock pigeon, Columba livia domestica with comments of infection. J.G. Coll. Sci. Univ. Riyadh, 11: Mahajan, P.A. (1999). One new species of the genus Cotugnia, Diamare, 1893 (Cestoda: Davaineidae) as C. mehdii ns.p. from Gallus domesticus at Aurangabad. Riv. Di. Parasitol., 16: Malhotra, S.K. and Capoor, V.N. (1983). A new cestode Cotugnia satpuliensis n.sp. from Columba livia domestica and Columba livia intermedia from India. Acta Parasitologica Polonica., 28(52): Malviya, H.C. and Dutt, S.C. (1970). Morphology and life history of Cotugnia srivasavi n.sp. (Cestoda: Davaineidae) from domestic pigeon. In Srivastava commemoration volume (Singh, K.S. and Tondon, B.K.(Eds). Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, pp Meggitt, F.J. (1924). Tapeworms of Rangoon pigeon. Parasit., 16: Meggitt, F.J. (1927). A list of cestode collected in Rangun during the year J. Burma Res. Sci., 16: Meggitt, F.J. (1927). Report on a colletion of the cestode mainly from Egypt. Fakily- Anoplocephalidae, Davaineidae. Parasite., 19: Movsesyan, S.O. (1969). Revision of the genus Cotugnia Diamare 1893, (Cestode: Davaineidae) trudy Vses. Int. Gel. Mint. 15: In Russian, English Summary YPD 215. Pasquale (1890). (Cestoda: Davaineidae) Part V nervous system. Parasiten., 21: Patil, A.S., Lakhe, A.D., Pawar, S.B. and Shinde, G.B. (2005). A new cestode Cotugnia liviae n.sp. (Eucestoda: Davaineidiae) Diamare, 1893 from Columba livia at Ambajogai, Maharashtra. Uttar Pradesh J.Zool. 25 (2): Pawar, S.B., Shinde, G.B. and Garad V.B. (2004). A new cestode Cotugnia singhii n.sp. (Eucestoda: Davaineidae) from Columba livia at Aurangabad, M.S. India. Uttar Pradesh. J. Zool., 24(2): Nanware, Sanjay Shamrao, Dhondge, Ramesh Mohanrao and Bhure, Dhanraj Balbhim (2010). Cotugnia hafeezi Sp. Nov. (Cestoda: Davaineidae, Fuhrmann 1907) from Gallus gallus domesticus.the Ecosphere, 1(1): Shinde G.B. (1969). A known and two new species of the genus Cotugnia, Diamare, 1893, from the Columbiformes birds in Maharashtra, India. Rev. Parasit., 30(1): (Italian Summary 43-44). Shinde, G.B., Jadhav, B.V. and Kadam, S.S. (1985). Some avian cestodes from Maharashtra region. Riv. Prasit., 2 (46): Shinde, G.B., Mahajan, P.A. and Begum, I.J. (1999). One new species of the genus Cotugnia Diamare 1893 (Cestoda: Davaineidae) as C. manishae n.sp. from Columba livia at Amravati M.S. India. Rivista Di Parasitol., 35:

6 CHANDRASHEKHAR RAMESHWAR KASAR, DHANRAJ BALBHIM BHURE, SANJAY SHAMRAO NANWARE AND M.B. SONUNE Shinde, G.B., Kolpuke, M.N. and Begum, I.J. (1999). Cotugnia ganguae n.sp. (Cestoda: Davaineidae) from Corvus splendens. Uttar Pradesh. J. Zool., 19(2): Shinde, G.B., Pawar, S.B. and Garad, V.B. (2002). A new cestode Cotugnia allii n.sp. (Eucestoda: Davainediae) from Columba livia at Yermala M.S. India. Uttar Pradesh J. Zool., 22(1): Spassky, A.A. (1984). The taxonomic composition of genus Cotugnia (Cestoda: Davaineidea) Izvestiga Akademii Naukmoldvskoi SSR Biolegicheshikh I. Nauk 6: Tat, M.B. and Jadhav, B.V. (2005): New species of the genus Cotugnia (Diamare, 1893) from Columba livia. National J. Life Sciences, 2(Sup.): Tubangay, M.A. and Masilungan, V.A. (1967). Tapeworm parasites of Phillippine birds. Phillippine J. Sci. 62: Wongsawod, C. and Jadhav, B.V. (1998). A new tapeworm from Gallus gallus domesticus from Thailand. Rivista di Parasitologia. Vol. XV (LIX-N-2, Agosto, 1998). Yamaguti, S. (1959). Systema Helminthum. The Cestodes of Vertebrates. Interscience Publishers, INC. New York, 2: 860 ********* ***** Figure 2- Camera Lucida diagram of Cotugnia indiana Sp.Nov. [Asian. J. Animal Sci. (Dec., 2010) Vol. 5 (2) ] 198