2018 Chittenden County Stormwater Awareness Study

Transcription

1 2018 Chittenden County Stormwater Awareness Study Prepared for Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission by the Castleton Polling Institute Castleton College 6 Alumni Drive Castleton, Vermont March 2018

2 Contents Methodology... 1 General Views on Pollution in Lake Champlain... 2 Lawn care... 6 Walking the dog... 7 Residential Runoff... 9 Sources of information Level of Concern Survey Comments Top Line Frequency Tables... 16

3 The Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission commissioned the Polling Institute at Castleton University to conduct a survey of residents in Chittenden Count to gauge public sentiment about water quality issues. This report summarizes the primary findings from that survey, comparing results to a similar survey conducted in 2013 where similar questions are available. Methodology On January 5, 2018, Castleton sent an invitation letter via U.S. Postal Service to 2,400 residential households in nine communities in Chittenden County (listed in Table 1). The sampled addresses came from the United States Post Office s Delivery Sequence File (DSF), containing a complete list of every residential address. Using the nine communities in Chittenden County, we stratified our list to represent each proportionately based on the number of total residences in that community. As Table 1 illustrates, our sample closely matches the region s distribution; consequently, we do not weight our sample for any response differentials. Table 1. Comparison of population and sample distribution by community Households as a percent of the nine communities Community Total population (2016) Total households (2016) of households in the survey sample Burlington city % 31% 0.7% Colchester town % 12% 0.0% Essex Junction % 11% -3.2% Essex town % 7% 0.5% Milton town % 6% 1.3% Shelburne town % 7% -0.9% South Burlington city Williston town Winooski city Difference between population and sample % 17% -2.0% % 5% 1.6% % 4% 2.3% Page 1 of 69

4 The invitation letter contained a web site ( and an access code to reach the online survey instrument. The original invitation letter was followed by a postcard reminder within a week of the first mailing. Ultimately, 214 people visited the website, and 207 completed the entire survey. On January 26, 2018, a second letter was mailed to all those who had not responded to the survey online; this second letter contained a paper copy of the survey with a business reply envelope. As of March 16, 2018, we received 172 paper surveys returned. In total, we received 386 responses. The results below can be generalized to the population of residents in the nine town covered in our study with a sampling margin of error at +/- 5 percentage points. The margin of error is greater for sub-group analysis. While sampling error is not the only form of error in survey research, all reasonable steps have been taken to minimize other sources of error in this study. As we compare results to those from 2013, it is important to keep in mind that the 2013 survey was administered by interviewers, while the 2018 survey as described above was self-administered either online or on paper. Consequently, differences found between the two surveys can reflect real changes in public views and/or differences in survey administration. General Views on Pollution in Lake Champlain Half of the nine-town residents in Chittenden County believe that Lake Champlain has become more polluted in the past 10 years. Only nine percent said the lake was less polluted, and 21 percent said the lake was about the same as it was 10 years ago. In contrast, only 41 percent said that the local streams and waterways were more polluted today than 10 years ago. Fourteen percent said that local streams and waterways were less polluted than 10 years ago, and 23 percent said that they were about the same. It would appear that residents have a greater level of concern about the lake than about those waterways feeding into the lake. Figure 1. Compared to 10 years ago, are Lake Champlain and local streams and waterways... The percent who believe that Lake Champlain is more polluted has increased slightly since a 2013 survey asking the same question, while the percent thinking it is less polluted has remained steady. An even smaller percentage thinks that their local streams and waterways are more polluted (see Figures 2 and 3). Page 2 of 69

5 Figure 2. Comparing sense of increased pollution in Lake Champlain, from 2013 study and 2018 study In general, compared to ten years ago, do you think Lake Champlain is... 60% 43% 49% 40% 32% 20% 10% 9% 21% 21% 15% 0% More polluted Less polluted About the same Don t know Figure 3. Comparing sense of increased pollution in local streams and waterways, from 2013 study and 2018 study 60% Compared to ten years ago, do you think your local streams and waterways are... 40% 36% 40% 30% 20% 15% 14% 23% 23% 19% 0% More polluted Less polluted About the same Don t know Most residents (60 percent) believe that stormwater runoff from streets, parking lots, roofs, and other hard surfaces goes into the nearest body of water untreated, while 24 percent believe that the runoff goes to a sewage treatment plant. As Figure 4 illustrates, the sense of the impact from various sources of stormwater pollution focuses mostly on agriculture. Sixty-eight percent of residents think that rain runoff from farms has a great impact on the region s water quality. Nearly half of all residents think that runoff from roads has a great impact on water quality, while only 18 percent think that rain runoff from residential roofs and driveways has a great impact, although a majority (63 percent) says that this source does have some impact on water quality. Page 3 of 69

6 Figure 4. Comparing sense of impact on water quality, by source of stormwater pollution Impact on water quality in your region from % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 18% 63% 19% Rain run-off from residential roofs and driveways 43% 50% 6% Rain run-off from parking lots for stores or offices 22% 56% 20% Rain run-off from lawns and gardens 68% 26% 49% 47% 6% 4% Rain run-off from farms Rain run-off from roads Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact In the 2018 survey, residents are more likely to assume that almost all sources of stormwater pollution have a great impact on the lake s water quality than those surveyed in 2013, as illustrated in Figure 5. Most tellingly, the percent believing that farm runoff has a great impact has increased by 30 percentage points from 2013 to On the other hand, a smaller percent of the public believe that runoff from residential roofs and driveways has a great impact on water quality in 2018 than they did in Figure 5. Comparing the public's sense that has a "great impact" on water quality, by year of survey 80% 68% 60% 40% 20% 23% 18% 28% 43% 18% 22% 38% 24% 49% 0% Rain run-off from residential roofs and driveways Rain run-off from parking lots for stores or offices Rain run-off from lawns and gardens Rain run-off from farms Rain run-off from roads Page 4 of 69

7 A vast majority of the region s residents either strongly agree (26 percent) or somewhat agree (53 percent) that their personal actions have an effect on the quality of water in Lake Champlain. Only 9 percent either disagree (7 percent) or strongly disagree (2 percent) that their personal actions affect Lake Champlain s water quality. Those who think Lake Champlain is more polluted than it was 10 years ago are also far more likely to believe that their personal actions contribute to the quality of the lake s water. The percent who disagree with the proposition that their personal actions affect water quality in Lake Champlain has declined from the measure taken in the 2013 iteration of the survey, as illustrated in Figure 6. Figure 6. agreeing and disagreeing that their personal actions affect the quality of Lake Champlain's water, by year of survey 60% 50% 40% 44% 53% 30% 28% 26% 20% 10% 0% 7% 11% Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree 16% 7% Disagree 5% 2% Strongly disagree Page 5 of 69

8 Lawn care Sixty percent of all respondents (n=228) maintain their own lawns; 29 percent have a lawn care company, and another 9 percent have no lawn to maintain. Of those who care for their own lawn, the majority (57 percent) leave lawn clippings on the lawn, and another 36 percent compost the clippings on their property. As for leaves, the majority of respondents (58 percent) compost or mulch leaves on the lawn, and 34 percent bag the leaves for the dump, while only 6 percent simply let the leaves lie. In the 2013 survey, 70 percent said that they maintained their own lawn. The respondents in the 2018 survey were more likely to compost grass clippings and leaves than those in 2013, as seen in the following table. Table 2. Methods of disposing lawn clippings and leaves, by survey year Leave (mower) clippings on lawn 68% 57% Compost (mower) clipping on property or mulch on lawn 23% 36% Bag (mower) clippings for pickup or take to dump 6% 5% Leave (raked) leaves on the lawn or ground 18% 6% Compost (raked) leaves on property or mulch on lawn 40% 58% Bag (raked) leaves for pickup or dump 36% 33% Only 21 percent of respondents in the 2018 survey use commercial fertilizers on their lawns (compared with 29 percent in 2013), and they are most likely to apply fertilizer in the Spring, although just over half also apply in the summer and fall as well. Page 6 of 69

9 Figure 7.Time of year when fertilizer is applied to lawns (n=55) 100% 90% 93% 80% 70% 60% 55% 55% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Spring Summer Fall Winter 7% Walking the dog Twenty-nine percent (n=110) of the respondents in the 2018 study said that they own a dog, approximately the same as found in the 2013 survey. The vast majority (83 percent) said that they put the dog s waste in a bag and then into the trash when they walk dogs on sidewalks or streets. Similarly, a majority (78 percent) of those walking dogs on trails are likely to put the dog s waste in the trash, although 12 percent toss the waste into the brush or woods. In the winter, 81 percent put the dog waste into the trash. When the dog is in the respondent s yard, about a two-thirds (68 percent) still put the waste in the trash, but 16 percent pick it up and toss it into the woods, and another 8 percent simply leave it on the ground. Comparing the 2018 results to those from 2013, it is clear that residents are more likely to put pet waste in the trash when walking their dogs on trails, as shown in Table Apart from methodological differences, we should be cautious about making too much of the relatively small differences between 2013 and 2018 because of the small sub-sample sizes in both years. Page 7 of 69

10 Table 3. Practices related to pet waste, by survey year When you take your dog(s) for a walk on the streets and sidewalks of your neighborhood, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Leave it on the ground/street 6% 2% Put it in the trash 81% 83% Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods 4% 4% When you take your dog(s) for a walk in a park or along a trail what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Leave it on the ground/street 25% 2% Put it in the trash 48% 78% Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods 10% 12% When you take your dog(s) for a walk in the winter, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Leave it on the ground/street 16% 2% Put it in the trash 72% 81% Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods 7% 5% When your dog(s) leaves waste in your yard, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Leave it on the ground/street 21% 8% Put it in the trash 66% 68% Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods 9% 16% Do not have a yard 1% 1% About three-quarters of those surveyed in 2018 believe that the best method of dog waste disposal, in terms of reducing pollution into streams, is to put it in the trash, although 15 percent said that they do not know what the best method may be. Page 8 of 69

11 Residential Runoff A majority of respondents (57 percent) believe that the best method of car washing to reduce pollution into streams is to use a commercial car wash. Twenty-two percent of respondents say that washing one s car on the lawn is the best method of reducing pollution into streams. Only 4 percent believe that washing cars in one s driveway is the least polluting method. In 2013, a higher percentage of residents thought that washing one s car in the driveway was the best method, as illustrated in Figure 8. 2 Figure 8. Least polluting method of car washing, by survey year 60% 56% 57% 40% 20% 16% 24% 22% 18% 0% Commercial car washes 4% Washing your car in your driveway Washing your car in your yard 1% Don't know In 2018, 70 percent of residents report that the rain runoff from their roofs flows into gutters and downspouts; in 2013, that figure was a comparable 66 percent. As in 2013, the majority say that runoff from the downspout is directed onto the lawn or vegetation 73 percent in 2018 and 70 percent in Only six percent in both the 2013 and the 2018 surveys, say that they run the water into a rain barrel; however, 46 percent believe that using a rain barrel produces the least amount of pollution into local streams, as illustrated below. 2 It is likely that the level of don t know responses increased greatly from 2013 to 2018 as a result of changes in survey administration. It is much easier to admit not knowing something when there is no person on the other end of a conversation. Additionally, there was an additional response option ( Washing car at home in the road ) in the 2013 survey that was not present in the 2018 survey. Page 9 of 69

12 Figure 9. Residents' opinions on the method of handling rain runoff that puts the least amount of pollution into local streams Don t know 6% Into a rain barrel or dry well 46% Onto the lawn or vegetation 40% Into underground pipes 8% Sources of information Twenty percent of the residents surveyed in 2018 report seeing or hearing education information about stormwater from the Regional Stormwater Education program of Chittenden County. Only 7 percent of respondents (n=25) recall seeing or hearing any information from Rethink Runoff. Figure 10. of respondents recalling having seen or heard information from Rethink Runoff Not sure 6% Yes 7% No 87% Of the 7 percent who recall getting information from Rethink Runoff, 40 percent saw something on TV, and another 40 percent saw a post online or on Front Page Forum; 24 percent heard something on the radio, and an additional 16 percent heard from Rethink Runoff at a public meeting. Only one percent of the respondents said that they visited the rethinkrunoff.org website before the survey. Page 10 of 69

13 Four percent of respondents heard or saw information about the Stream Team. Like with Rethink Runoff, TV and online advertisement is the most common means for seeing or hearing about the Stream Team. In general, a plurality of respondents (39 percent) claim that television, either broadcast or cable, is their primary source of daily news. An equal number of respondents primarily get their news from radio (20 percent) or informational web sites (20 percent). Newspapers are the primary source of news for only 12 percent of survey respondents. Figure 11. Primary sources of news Does not follow news 3% Social media 5% Not sure 1% Informational websites 20% Broadcast or cable television 39% Newspapers 12% Radio 20% Respondents were asked where they search online for local news. The Burlington Free Press site fell just below local television sites as the most popular resources, illustrated in Figure 12. Page 11 of 69

14 Figure 12. Websites used for local news information TV News station websites 36% Burlington Free Press website 32% Seven Days website Vermont Digger website Vermont Public Radio website 18% 18% 19% Facebook pages 5% I do not search for news on websites 28% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Level of Concern Almost no one (2 percent) thinks that their town or city is paying too much on water quality; 28 percent say that their municipality is not spending enough, and 15 percent say that their municipality is spending about the right amount. The majority of respondents (55 percent) simply have no opinion on the matter. It is likely that the majority know neither how much their municipality spends on water quality improvements nor how much is needed; thus, they are not able to register an opinion. As illustrated in Figure 13, a majority of respondents say that they would be willing to pay something on a monthly basis to address stormwater concerns. Twenty percent say that they would pay between one and three dollars, and another 20 percent say that they would pay between four and six dollars. Eleven percent say that they are willing to pay $10 to $12 a month for stormwater problems. The fact that 26 percent say that they do not know how much they would be willing to pay probably reflects uncertainty about the extent of the problem. Page 12 of 69

15 Figure 13. Amount respondents are willing to be charged on a monthly basis to deal with the problems caused by stormwater $0 15% Don t know 26% $13 or greater 3% $1 to $3 20% $10 to $12 11% $7 to $9 5% $4 to $6 20% The percent that said they would be willing to spend nothing to address stormwater concerns dropped by half from 2013 to 2018, and the number that said they did not know enough to respond increased by 10 percentage points, as illustrated in the following table. 3 Table 4. Amount respondents are willing to be charged on a monthly basis to deal with the problems caused by stormwater, by survey year Survey Year Amount Difference $0 30% 15% -15% $1 to $3 19% 20% 0% $4 to $6 14% 20% 7% $7 to $9 5% 5% 1% $10 to $12 9% 11% 2% $13 or greater 8% 3% -6% Don t know 15% 25% 10% 3 Again, it is possible that the increase in don t know responses may be attributable to the differences in survey administration, from interviewer-administered to self-administered. Page 13 of 69

16 Asked to compare stormwater runoff to other critical concern(s) for Chittenden County, stormwater is a greater concern than climate change (by 15 percentage points), traffic congestion (by 16 percentage points), and air pollution (by 58 percentage points). We should be cautious in overestimating this difference since respondents had been primed to consider stormwater issues in the survey process and not the other critical issues. That being noted, in the 2013 survey, respondents favored traffic congestion to stormwater runoff. Figure 14. Comparing stormwater runoff to other critical issues facing Chittenden County 80% 71% 60% 46% 49% 40% 31% 33% 20% 13% 0% Climate change Stormwater Runoff Traffic congestion Stormwater Runoff Air Pollution Comparison #1 Comparison #2 Comparison #3 Stormwater Runoff Apart from traffic congestion, concern about stormwater runoff was greater than concern about climate change and air pollution in 2013 as well (see Table 5). While we want to take into account the priming effect when considering the comparisons between stormwater and other issues facing the county, it is instructive to look at the relative differences in differences between the 2013 and 2018 studies to gain understanding of the degree to which concern for stormwater runoff relative to other issues has changed. Table 5. Comparing stormwater runoff to other critical issues facing Chittenden County, by survey year Comparison #1 Comparison #2 Comparison #3 Survey year Climate change Stormwater Runoff Traffic congestion Stormwater Runoff Air Pollution Stormwater Runoff % 56% 55% 40% 33% 61% % 46% 33% 49% 13% 71% Page 14 of 69

17 The 2018 survey presented respondents with a list of four practices that they could do to reduce the impact of stormwater runoff and asked which, if any, they were likely to do in the next 2 years. Between 12 and 16 percent said that they would definitely adopt the practices listed. Forty-five percent will either definitely (12 percent) or maybe install a rain barrel to catch rainwater from the roof, and 40 percent will either definitely (14 percent) or maybe (26 percent) plant a rain garden to capture rainwater runoff. Table 6 shows the relative stated commitment to these practices. Table 6. Potential adoption of practices to address stormwater runoff Unlikely Maybe Definitely Someone else makes these decisions N/A Install a rain barrel to catch rainwater from my roof 33% 33% 12% 16% 6% Plant a rain garden to capture rainwater from my roof, driveway and/or walkway 37% 26% 14% 16% 8% Have my lawn care company use natural lawn care practices 11% 9% 16% 21% 43% Plant more trees on my property 38% 20% 14% 20% 8% Survey Comments Of the 108 responses that gave comments in the 2018 survey, approximately 20 comments were focused mainly on the survey itself, touching upon the length and what they felt was bias in the questions. A larger number of people offered possible solutions to help mitigate pollution to the lake, such as establishing a clean water tax or a ban on certain fertilizers that can be used on lawns. Some comments voiced concerns about other possible sources of pollution that were not as prominent in the questionnaire in the survey like farm runoff and sewage. Most comments were about the importance of clean water, with only a few comments saying that the lake is not being polluted badly or that humans are not affecting the lake s water quality. Many comments also talk about how more Vermonters need education about this topic or even that the respondent his or her self needs more education about this topic. Overall, most comments seemed to be concerned about the quality of the water in the lake. Page 15 of 69

18 Top Line Frequency Tables In general, compared to ten years ago, do you think that Lake Champlain is... Frequency Valid Valid More polluted Less polluted About the same Don t know Total Missing System 2.5 Compared to ten years ago, do you think that your local streams and waterways are... Frequency Valid Valid More polluted Less polluted About the same Don t know Total Missing System 3.8 Page 16 of 69

19 Stormwater that runs off of streets, parking lots, roofs, and other hard surfaces flows into drainsto the best of your knowledge, what happens to that water that goes into storm drains? Does that water Frequency Valid Valid Go to a sewage treatment plant/facility Go into the nearest body of water without being treated Don t know Total Missing System [Rain run-off from residential roofs and driveways.] Imapact on water quality in your region from... Frequency Valid Valid Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact Total Missing System Page 17 of 69

20 [Rain run-off from parking lots for stores or offices.] Imapact on water quality in your region from... Frequency Valid Valid Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact Total Missing System [Rain run-off from lawns and gardens.] Imapact on water quality in your region from... Frequency Valid Valid Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact Total Missing System [Rain run-off from farms.] Imapact on water quality in your region from... Frequency Valid Valid Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact Total Missing System Page 18 of 69

21 [Rain run-off from roads.] Imapact on water quality in your region from... Frequency Valid Valid Great impact Some impact Very little impact No impact Total Missing System How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement: My personal actions affect the quality of water in Lake Champlain. Frequency Valid Valid Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Don t know Total Missing System Did you (or your family) maintain your lawn yourself, or did you or your landlord hire a lawn care company? Frequency Valid Valid Self Lawn care company No lawn Don t know Total Missing System Page 19 of 69

22 When you mow your lawn, what do you typically do with the clippings? Frequency Valid Valid Leave clippings on lawn Compost clipping on property or mulch on lawn Bag clippings for pickup or take to dump Don t know Total Missing System When you rake your leaves on your lawn, what do you typically do with the leaves? Frequency Valid Valid Leave leaves on the lawn or ground Compost leaves on property or mulch on lawn Bag leaves for pickup or dump Don t know Total Missing System Page 20 of 69

23 Did you or anyone in your household use any commercial fertilizers, not including compost, on your lawn in the past 12 months? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System [Spring] What time of year do you usually fertilize your lawn? Select all that apply. Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Summer] What time of year do you usually fertilize your lawn? Select all that apply. Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 21 of 69

24 [Winter] What time of year do you usually fertilize your lawn? Select all that apply. Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Fall] What time of year do you usually fertilize your lawn? Select all that apply. Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Don't know] What time of year do you usually fertilize your lawn? Select all that apply. Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 22 of 69

25 Which method of leaf disposal, do you think introduces the least amount of pollution into streams? Frequency Valid Valid Raking leaves into the street Compost or mulch leaves on property Bag and take leaves to compost facility Raking leaves into closest ditch or ravine Don t know Total Missing System Have you ever had a soil test done on your property? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System Do you own any dogs? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Total Missing System Page 23 of 69

26 When you take your dog(s) for a walk on the streets and sidewalks of your neighborhood, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid Leave it on the ground/street Put it in the trash Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods Do not walk my dog(s) Other Total Missing System [Other] When you take your dog(s) for a walk on the streets and sidewalks of your neighborhood, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid ALWAYS POOP BAGS TO TRASH! NO DOG Pick up and dispose in toilet at home pick up and flush down toilet when I get home Page 24 of 69

27 When you take your dog(s) for a walk in a park or along a trail what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid Leave it on the ground/street Put it in the trash Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods Do not walk my dog(s) Other Total Missing System [Other] When you take your dog(s) for a walk in a park or along a trail what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid NO DOG Pick up and dispose in toilet at home pickup and dispose of at home in the toilet use a doggie bag and bring it home Page 25 of 69

28 When you take your dog(s) for a walk in the winter, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid Leave it on the ground/street Put it in the trash Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods Do not walk my dog(s) Other Total Missing System [Other] When you take your dog(s) for a walk in the winter, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid depends on where I walk him. LEAVE IT ON LAWN PICKUP AFTER NO DOG only if dog is deep in the woods I wi organic waste disposal Pick up and dispose in toilet at home pickup and dispose in home toilet we have 4 acres. it is left on the gr Page 26 of 69

29 When your dog(s) leaves waste in your yard, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid Leave it on the ground/street Put it in the trash Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods Do not have a yard Other Total Missing System [Other] When your dog(s) leaves waste in your yard, what do you typically do with the dog s waste? Frequency Valid Valid Bag it and garbage DO NOT HAVE A DOG LEAVE IT ON LAWN PICKUP AFTER NO DOG organic waste disposal Pick up at a later date and dispose in toilet at home pickup and dispose in toilet We do not leave waste in our yard we always pick it u Page 27 of 69

30 Which method of dog waste disposal, do you think introduces the least amount of pollution into streams? Frequency Valid Valid Leave it on the ground/street Put it in the trash Pickup and toss it into the brush/woods Don t know Other Total Missing System Page 28 of 69

31 [Other] Which method of dog waste disposal, do you think introduces the least amount of pollution into streams? Frequency Valid Valid BURY IT IN SOIL OR COMPOST IT BURY IT IN YOUR OWN YARD DISPOSE OF SEPERATLY Does not apply Don't own animals in city limits flush it FLUSHING IN TOILET I don't have a dog or a yard, but there are methods for dog owners to put it in the ground on their own property Land Fill MULCH municipal compost should have pet waste facilities separate from normal compost NO DOG NOT IN PLASTIC BAGS! NOT SURE Pick up and dispose in toilet at home PICK-UP + FLUSH DOWN OWN TOILET pickup and dispose in your own toilet PUT IN TET trow in bushes to help fertil Page 29 of 69

32 Which method of car washing do you think introduces the least amount of pollution into streams? Frequency Valid Valid Commercial car washes Washing your car in your driveway Washing your car in your yard Don t know Total Missing System Now, thinking about your residence, the rain that flows off the front of the roof, does it flow into a gutter and into a downspout, or does it run right off the roof? Frequency Valid Valid Into a gutter and downspout Right off the roof Don t know Total Missing System Where does the downspout direct the water? Frequency Valid Valid Onto the driveway, parking lot or road Onto the lawn or vegetation Into underground pipes Into a rain barrel or a dry well Don t know Total Missing System Page 30 of 69

33 Which method of handling rainwater running off a roof do you think introduces the least amount of pollution into local streams? Frequency Valid Valid Onto the driveway, parking lot or road Onto the lawn or vegetation Into underground pipes Into a rain barrel or dry well Don t know Total Missing System Do you recall seeing or hearing educational information about stormwater from the Regional Stormwater Education Program of Chittenden County? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System Do you recall seeing or hearing information from Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System Page 31 of 69

34 [TV] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Radio] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Online advertisement or via Front Porch Forum] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 32 of 69

35 [Public meeting] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Promotional event or workshop] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [From your neighbors] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Missing System [From your children] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Missing System Page 33 of 69

36 [Don t know] Where did you see or hear about Rethink Runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Do you recall seeing or hearing information about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System [TV] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 34 of 69

37 [Radio] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Online advertisement or via Front Porch Forum] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Public meeting] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 35 of 69

38 [Promotional event or workshop] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [From your neighbors] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [From your children] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Missing System [Don t know] Where did you see or hear about the Stream Team? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 36 of 69

39 Before this survey, did you ever visit the website, Frequency Valid Valid Yes No Don't know Total Missing System With regard to money spent on water quality improvements, do you think your city or town is: Frequency Valid Valid Spending too much Spending just the right amount Not spending enough Don t know Total Missing System How much would you be willing to be charged on a monthly basis to deal with the problems caused by stormwater? Frequency Valid Valid $ $1 to $ $4 to $ $7 to $ $10 to $ $13 or greater Don t know Total Missing System Page 37 of 69

40 On a daily basis, which of the following news sources do you use most often? Select only ONE answer. Frequency Valid Valid Broadcast or cable television Radio Newspapers Informational websites on the internet Social media channels on the internet (Facebook, Instagram, etc.) I do not follow the news Don t know Total Missing System [TV News station websites] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 38 of 69

41 [Burlington Free Press website] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Seven Days website] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Facebook pages] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 39 of 69

42 [Vermont Digger website] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Vermont Public Radio website] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [I do not search for news on websites] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 40 of 69

43 [Other] When you search for news on local or Vermont issues or news, what two types of websites do you use most often? Frequency Valid Valid colchester sun DO NOT HAVE COM GOOGLE GOOGLE NEWS + W google news wit Local broadcast obituary READ SEVENDAYS State and feder The Other Paper Twitter USA TODAY wcax WILLISTON OBSER [ ] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 41 of 69

44 [Facebook] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Instagram] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Twitter] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Missing System Page 42 of 69

45 [Snapchat] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Texting] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System [Do not use social media] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Not selected Yes Total Missing System Page 43 of 69

46 [Other] Aside from phone calls, what two methods do you use to keep in touch socially with friends or family? Frequency Valid Valid Actually meeting the face to face :-) FaceTime HOME VISIT in person letters LETTERS MAIL mail - cards, letter meet them in person MESSENGER NONE Paper Letters personal contact phone PHONE PHONE CALLS phone calls/face tim SEE THEM IN PERSON Skipe SKYPE Snail Mail son uses social medi Speaking in person TELEPHONE TELEPHONE + LETTERS TEXTS AND MAIL LIKE u.s. mail USPS visit them in person VISIT WITH FAMILY OR VISITING Page 44 of 69

47 Which is a more critical concern for Chittenden county, climate change or stormwater runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Climate change Stormwater Runoff Don't know Total Missing System Which is a more critical concern for Chittenden county, traffic congestion or stormwater runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Traffic congestion Stormwater Runoff Don't know Total Missing System Which is a more critical concern for Chittenden county, air pollution or stormwater runoff? Frequency Valid Valid Air Pollution Stormwater Runoff Don't know Total Missing System Page 45 of 69

48 What are the names of some of the local streams or rivers in your town? Frequency Valid Valid ALDER BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER Alder Brook, Indian Brook, Winooski River, Brown's River Alderbrook and Winooski River ALLEN allen brook Allen Brook ALLEN BROOK Allen Brook, Allen Brook, Bartlett Brook, Potash Brook, Centennial Brook, ALLEN BROOK, INDIAN BROOK Allen brook, Muddy Brook ALLEN BROOK, WINOOSKI Allen Brook, Winooski River ALLEN BROOK/WINOOSKI RIVER allenbrook Bartlett brook, laplatte river Bartlett Brook, Potash Brook bartlett brook, potash brook, winooski river Bartlett Brook, Winooski River, La Platte River, Allen Brook, Monroe Brook BROWN RIVER, INDIAN BROOK Brown's River, Winooski River, Alder Brook Page 46 of 69

49 Browns River, Alder Brook, Winooski River Browns River, Lamoille River, Winooski River BROWNS RIVER, WINOOSKI RIVER browns river,alder brook,indian brook Browns, Allen Brook, Mill Brook COLCHESTER POND COLCHESTER POND, INDIAN BROOK D/K DO NOT KNOW DON'T KNOW DONT KNOW NEW TO AREA GILBROOK WINOOSKI RIVER i don't know I DON'T KNOW Idk Indian Brook INDIAN BROOK Indian Brook Res, Winooski River, Colchester Pond, Indian Brook Reservoir - I live in Essex. It's the only one I know of. Indian Brook Reservoir, Winooski River INDIAN BROOK, WINOOSKI Indian Brook, Winooski R indian brook, winooski river INDIAN BROOK, WINOOSKI RIVER La Platte Page 47 of 69

50 La platte river La Platte River Lake Arrowhead Lake Champlain LAKE CHAMPLAIN LAKE CHAMPLAIN POTASH BROOK LAKE CHAMPLAIN, WINOOSKI RIVER lamoile lamoille Lamoille LAMOILLE Lamoille river Lamoille River LAMOILLE RIVER LAMOILLE RIVER, ARROWHEAD LAKE LAMOILLE RIVER, PETIT BROOK LAMOILLE, WINOOSKI RIVERS LaPlatte LAPLATTE Laplatte river LaPlatte River LAPLATTE RIVER LaPlatte River, Bartlett Brook, Laplatte River, McCabe Brook, Lake Champlain, Shelburne Pond LaPlatte River, McKenzie Brook LaPlatte River, Monroe Brook and Shelburne Bay LAPLATTE WINOOSKI LAPLATTE, OTTER CREEK Page 48 of 69

51 Lewis Creek/Otter Creek MALLETS BAY WINOOSKI RIVER Mallets Creek, Winooski River, Lamoille River, Allen Brook, Morehouse, etc. Malletts creek; Lamoille River McCabe Brook. LaPlatte River MILL BROOK LEE RIVER WINOOSKI MILLS RIVER LAKE IROQUOIS Monroe Brook, LaPlatte River MONROE, MCCABE MUDDY BROOK WETLANDS Muddy Brook, Allen Brook, Winooski Muddy Brook, Otter Creek MUDDY BROOK, POTASH BROOK N/A NORTH BEACH not really sure, moved here recently onion river Onion river ONION RIVER petty brook PLAT Platt Platt river Potash brook POT ASH BROOK Potash POTASH potash brook Page 49 of 69

52 Potash brook Potash Brook POTASH BROOK Potash Brook - the villain is farm runoff and development, not those of us who live in condos and apts, with no lawns or gardens - farms should be charged much more than the rest of us - I do not believe in Everybody in - farmers spread manure!!! They should pay and we who dont have land should not subsidize POTASH BROOK CENTENNIAL BROOK POTASH BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER POTASH BROOK, BARTLET BROOK potash brook, bartlett brook Potash Brook, Bartlett Brook Potash Brook, Bartlett Brook, Centennial Brook Potash Brook, Muddy Brook POTASH BROOK, MUDY BROOK potash brook, the "no name brook" Potash Brook, Winooski River POTASH BROOK, WINOOSKI RIVER Potash Brook, Winooski River, Centennial Brook, Allen Brook POTASH STREAM Page 50 of 69

53 POTASH WINOOSKI ENGLESBYRAVINE Pottash Brook, Winooski River When new ski Winnoski River; LaPlatte River; Lamoille River Winooske winooski Winooski WINOOSKI WINOOSKI HUNTINGTON LAMOILLE Winooski is close. I live in Burlington WINOOSKI LAPLATTE LEWIS CREEK WINOOSKI POTASH CHAMPLAIN Winooski R winooski river Winooski river Winooski River WINOOSKI RIVER WINOOSKI RIVER + ALLEN BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER ALDER BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER INDIAN BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER LAPLATTE RIVER WINOOSKI RIVER MUDDY BROOK WINOOSKI RIVER NORTH+EASTCREEK WINOOSKI RIVER POTASH BROOK Page 51 of 69

54 Winooski River to the south and surrounded by Lake Champlain on 2 sides Winooski river, Winooski River, Alder Brook Winooski River, Bartlett Brook Winooski River, Brown River, Elder creek Winooski River, Centennial Brook Winooski river, clay brook Winooski river, Indian Brook Creek Winooski river, Indian Brook, Alder Brook Winooski River, Indian Brook, Alder Brook winooski river, lake champlain winooski river, lamoile, otter creek WINOOSKI RIVER, LAMOILLE RIVER Winooski River, LaPlatte winooski river, mills river, indian brook, Winooski river, muddy brook WINOOSKI RIVER, MUDDY BROOK winooski river, potash brook Winooski River, Potash Brook WINOOSKI RIVER, POTASH BROOK Winooski River, Potsdam Brook, Indian River, Gilbrook Pond Page 52 of 69