3/20/2017. Medical Importance of Pest Management. Shane McCoy Entomologist. Agenda. Introduction
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1 Medical Importance of Pest Management Shane McCoy Entomologist Agenda Definition of medically important pests Examples of medically important pests How to protect yourself Introduction Insects and rodents have a huge impact on health of humans Disease vectors Inject venom Cause wounds Nuisance and phobias 1
2 Definition Cause medical problems Transmit disease Sting Drink blood Allergic reactions in human Phobic Responses Some organisms cause fear and panic in humans Delusory parasitosis Persistent bites Skin rashes Obsessive disorders of insects biting or burrowing into skin Chronic itching, mental anguish, self abuse Examples Cockroaches Mosquitoes Rodents Flies Ticks Spiders Fleas Lice Bed bugs 2
3 Reactions To Venom Mostly local inflammatory response Allergic reactions after several exposures Hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis) can be fatal Reactions To Venom Most fatalities caused by honey bees Shock from multiple stings Mostly around 1,000 stings to be fatal However, allergic people must avoid and carry medication Transfer of Pathogens Mechanical transfer House flies and cockroaches transfer bacteria from feces to human food on mouthparts, legs, and body 3
4 German Cockroaches Adults are ½ to 5/8 inch long Light brown Has wings but does not fly Two dark parallel lines on back of head German Cockroaches Active at night Hide in cracks and crevices and dark voids Starts in kitchen but also can be found: Bathrooms Bedrooms Closets Living rooms German Cockroaches Produce secretions that produce bacteria and viruses Food poisoning, dysentery, diarrhea Cast skins contain allergens such as skin rashes, watery eyes, sneezing, and asthma 4
5 German Cockroaches Set out glue traps for inspection Report ASAP Seal holes where pipes pass through in kitchen and bathroom Sanitation Boxes Grocery bags Clean up spills Do not leave dirty dishes overnight Store food in airtight sealed containers Rodents House mice are small with large ears Weigh ½ ounce Light brown to gray 5-7 inches long with a 3 inch tail Rodents Signs Droppings Damaged packaging Shredded paper Mostly active at night 5
6 Rodent Diseases Salmonella Hantavirus (Deer Mouse) Bites House Mice Excellent climbers Run up vertical surfaces Jump up to 12 inches from floor Squeeze through ¼ inch opening Enter in autumn when it starts to become colder House Mice In a single year a female can have up to 10 litters 5-6 per litter Reach maturity in 6-10 weeks Live about a year 6
7 House Mice Control- Sanitation Exclusion Traps Proper storage practices Store dog food in plastic containers Sweep and mop regularly Control Snap traps Glueboards Rodenticides Exclusion Mosquitoes Most deadly animal in the world Breed in water Only the female bites Lots in Wisconsin! 7
8 Mosquitoes In Wisconsin there are several diseases to humans West Nile Virus La Crosse Virus Jamestown Canyon Virus Not Zika Only 2 species transmit Zika and they have NOT been found in Wisconsin Mosquitoes Control Remove habitats such as old tires, buckets, empty bird baths and potted plant trays Repellents to the skin such as DEET Make sure window screens working Avoid getting bitten Mosquitoes Control Continued- Pesticides Applied as a ultra-low volume across the lawn Concentrate on breeding locations Dark areas such as shrubs, under the deck Follow label 8
9 Ticks Most commonly encountered here in Wisconsin are: Deer Ticks (blacklegged tick) Wood Tick (American dog tick) Ticks Deer Ticks Vector of the bacteria that cause Lyme Disease and Anaplasmosis Adult females are dark brown to reddish-orange 1/8 inch long Legs are dark-brown to black Ticks Wood Tick Common on dogs and cats and raccoons, opossums, woodchucks, red fox Females are ¼ inch long Creamy-white to silvery-gray markings Widely distributed in the US and Wisconsin Capable of transmitting Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 9
10 Tick Prevention Identify tick habitat Reduce amount of tick habitat Repellents Protective clothing Check yourself and pets after entering possible tick areas Spiders Most spiders are nocturnal Scurry away when disturbed Remain hidden during the day Bites usually occur only when squeezed or by handling When people are cleaning out basement, garage, attics, etc. Bites are light swelling and inflammation Spiders Only 2 species in the U.S. are considered of medical importance Black Widow Brown Recluse 10
11 Brown Recluse Spider Brown Recluse Spider Called fiddle back Has dark violin/fiddle shape on top ¼ to ½ inch in body length Tan to dark brown Has 6 eyes Brown Recluse Spider Inside they are found in boxes, among papers, used clothing and shoes Along baseboards, door and window moldings Closets, attics, crawl spaces, and basements 11
12 Control Inspect by using glueboards If you suspect Brown Recluse send it in for I.D. Prevent by controlling other insects Sanitation Throw out boxes, old papers Keep fire wood away from premise Wear protective clothing when gardening Pesticide applications Fleas Piercing mouthpart and feeds exclusively on blood Pest of dogs and cats Transmit disease through bites, crushed fleas and feces into open wounds (by dogs scratching Flea saliva produces allergy to pets Fleas Diseases Plague Flea-borne typhus Bartonellosis Flea tapeworm 12
13 Fleas Adult- wingless, compressed laterally, making movement through hairs possible Bodies are shiny and reddish brown Fleas Depend on blood meal from host to survive Mostly introduced via pets Pets gets fleas from wild animals such as rodents and rabbits Fleas Signs of Fleas Pets repeatedly scratch People may experience bites Hot spots with high population Dog bed Where pet sleeps or spend lots of time 13
14 Fleas Treatment Usually have to contact a professional company Must control environment along with the pet Perform inspection of where hot spots are Vacuum regularly after treatment for about 2-4 weeks Bed Bugs Yes they are back! Biology and Behavior 5 developmental life stages Each stage (nymph) must take a blood meal to develop to next stage 14
15 Biology and Behavior Have to shed exoskeleton at each stage, called molting After 5 molts, it becomes an adult Male and female must take regular blood meals to reproduce Biology and Behavior Development from egg to adult in about degrees Life span nearly one year depending on access to blood meals and temperatures Feeding Behavior Cryptic lifestyle Majority of time hiding Typically active at night between 12am-5am Can fit your schedule Typical time host is in deepest sleep, that BB s like to feed 15
16 Feeding Behavior Probe skin with mouthpart to find capillary space May probe several times before feeding May have several bites from same bug Feeding Behavior Feeds for 5-10 minutes When full, leaves host and returns to aggregation site Usually feeds every 3-7 days Bed Bug Bites Typically on head, neck, and arms Can be on any part of the body Bites can go unnoticed or be mistaken for bites of other pests CSR-2 weeks, Tech-30 min. Me at day 4 16
17 Inspection Mattress: Look along the stitch lines and the piping Sides, top, and bottom Labels, tags, buttons, or air screens Inspection Box springs Along stitch line Where frame and box spring contact Plastic edge guards Folds of mattress fabric (ticking) Screws and staples Joints, cracks, corners Inspection Drapes Pictures Phones, radios, TV s Electrical Outlets Curtains 17
18 Control Options 1. Fumigation 2. Steam 3. Vacuum 4. Mattress Encasement 5. Chemical 6. Heat Bed Bug Detecting Canines Targeted inspection when BB activity is suspected Post-treatment inspection Alerts by scratching area Questions 18
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