SUMMARY FIGURES OF DIET DATA FROM BIRDS ON THE ALASKA MARITIME NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

Transcription

1 AMNWR 216/6 SUMMARY FIGURES OF DIET DATA FROM BIRDS ON THE ALASKA MARITIME NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Brie A. Drummond Key words: Aethia cristatella, Aethia psittacula, Aethia pusilla, Aethia pygmaea, black-legged kittiwake, black oystercatcher, Cassin s auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, common murre, crested auklet, food habits, fork-tailed storm-petrel, Fratercula cirrhata, Fratercula corniculata, glaucouswinged gull, Haematopus bachmani, horned puffin, Larus glaucescens, Leach s storm-petrel, least auklet, Oceanodroma furcata, Oceanodroma leucorhoa, parakeet auklet, pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax urile, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, redfaced cormorant, red-legged kittiwake, rhinoceros auklet, Rissa brevirostris, Rissa tridactyla, thick-billed murre, tufted puffin, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, whiskered auklet. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 95 Sterling Highway, Suite 1 Homer, AK 9963 April 216 Cite as: Drummond, B.A Summary figures of diet data from birds on the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., AMNWR 216/6. Homer, Alaska.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION... 1 METHODS... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 3 REFERENCES... 3 LIST OF DIET DATASETS... 6 MAP DIET FIGURES Fork-tailed storm-petrel Chick diet Leach s storm-petrel... 3 Chick diet... 3 Red-faced cormorant Adult diet Chick diet Pelagic cormorant Chick diet Black oystercatcher Chick diet Common murre Adult diet Chick diet... 4 Thick-billed murre Adult diet Chick diet Cassin s auklet Chick diet Parakeet auklet Chick diet Least auklet Chick diet Whiskered auklet Chick diet Crested auklet Chick diet Rhinoceros auklet Chick diet Horned puffin Chick diet Tufted puffin... 6 Adult diet... 6 Chick diet Black-legged kittiwake Adult and chick diet Red-legged kittiwake Adult and chick diet Glaucous-winged gull Adult diet Chick diet APPENDICES Comprehensive list of prey items i

3 INTRODUCTION The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) comprises 3.4 million acres of islands and coastline across the Gulf of Alaska and Bering and Chukchi seas and provides breeding habitat for more than 4 million seabirds. A major objective of the refuge is to collect baseline status and trend information for a suite of seabird species; these data include timing of breeding, reproductive performance, chick growth, population trends, survival, and diet. By relating these parameters to environmental conditions, ecosystem processes may be better understood. Seabird diet in particular may be a valuable indicator of marine conditions, as seabirds have high energy requirements that make them especially sensitive to changes in the environment that affect prey availability and abundance (Piatt et al. 27). With seabird diet data from many years across a broad geographic region, we can examine changes in the lower trophic levels of the marine ecosystem and explore how those changes may have consequences for populations of seabirds and other organisms. We present a brief summary of diet data from birds (mostly seabirds, with some limited data from shorebirds and waterfowl) collected at AMNWR sites from , comprising summary figures from a more detailed diet summary of all refuge data (Drummond 216). This represents the refuge s most current diet dataset to date (excluding some raptor diet historicaly collected on the refuge); however, diet collection is still ongoing, primarily at annual monitoring sites, and additional diet data will exist in future years. METHODS i. Diet sample collection Diet samples were collected from birds at numerous AMNWR sites from 1975 to 215 (diet collection is still ongoing, primarily at annual monitoring sites, and additional diet data will exist in future years). Samples were collected by a mix of refuge staff and research partners, both as part of the refuge s annual monitoring program and as specific short-term research projects. Collection techniques varied greatly across different species (Table 1) and over time; sampling in earlier years consisted primarily of shooting birds while more recent years emphasized non-lethal sampling methods (e.g., collecting regurgitations). ii. Prey identification Samples were either identified immediately in the field or preserved (ethanol, isoproponol, formalin, Strek Tissue Fixative, or frozen) and sent to a laboratory for later analysis. Prey in samples was identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (often to species but sometimes only to genus, family, order, etc.; for a complete list of all prey items ever found, see Appendices A-E). Identification follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) when possible. During identification, lab analysts recorded some or all of the following data when possible: (a) mass of entire sample (b) counts of prey items (rarely, no count was made and only presence recorded) (c) mass, various length measurements, sex, and life stage of individual prey items (d) length measurements of individual otoliths and squid beaks (e) percent total mass, percent total volume, and displacement volume of prey items in sample (f) indices of condition of prey items and relative amount of digestion Some samples were identified in their entirety (every prey item in the sample identified), and some were sub-sampled to various levels with final prey numbers then calculated by the appropriate correction factor. 1

4 Because samples were collected across such a long time period and from so many different seabird species, the diet dataset has some unavoidable biases. Firstly, detection of different types of prey probably varied by how the sample was collected. For example, stomach samples consist mainly of hard parts (otoliths and squid beaks) left after digestion and probably vastly underestimate presence of soft-bodied zooplankton compared to relatively-undigested regurgitation and bill load samples. Secondly, the ability of analysts to identify prey items to the lowest taxonomic level varied both with skill level of different analysts and the condition of the sample (in some years, samples were identified soon after collection, whereas in other years there was a 5-1 year wait for samples to be identified). iii. Diet data summary We quantified diet data in four different ways. For all species we calculated both frequency of occurrence and percent composition of prey items. Frequency of occurrence is the percentage of samples each year in which each prey item is present, based simply on presence or absence. Total values of frequency occurrence of all prey items often sums to more than 1% in a given year because multiple prey types can be present in a single sample. In contrast, percent composition is based on the counts of prey items and is calculated as the percentage of the total number individual prey items comprised by each prey item each year (sums to 1% each year). For puffin and rhinoceros auklet chick diet, which consists of whole, undigested fish, we calculated a third diet index using mass of prey items. Relative biomass is the percentage of the mass of the sample comprised by each prey item (sums to 1% each year). Biomass values for samples with partially or entirely digested prey (e.g., stomach samples or kittiwake and storm-petrel regurgitations) and primarily zooplankton (e.g., auklets) are more difficult to calculate because in most cases we do not have mass data for each individual prey item. It is possible to reconstruct an index of biomass using a mass standard for each prey species and we hope to do this in the future. For gull pellets, we calculated an additional diet index based on the relative volume of made up by each prey item in a pellet. Percent volume is the average percent composition by volume of a prey item in all pellets (sums to 1% each year). All AMNWR refuge diet data are housed in and summarized by an Access database. Some values may differ from historic presentations in reports, presumably due to corrections in previous calculations. iv. Presentation This report is a briefer summary of diet data extracted from a more detailed diet summary of refuge data (Drummond 216). Data in figures are grouped at higher taxonomic levels to allow generalized summary across sites and years (groupings were chosen to highlight major diet items of each species). For detailed tables showing diet identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, see the full report (Drummond 216). Due to the sheer enormity of these diet datasets (over 62, samples from 69 sites and 32 species), for this report we had to limit the scope of our presentation. We chose to only present figures and tables for those species and sites with at least 5 years of data or ongoing diet sampling. For a complete list of all refuge diet datasets that exist, including those that were not summarized here due to space constraints, see Tables 2-3 (these additional diet datasets can be obtained by contacting AMNWR biologists). For most species, we separated adult and chick diet, as there is evidence that many seabird species feed chicks different prey than they eat themselves (e.g., Hunt et al. 1996, Pedrocchi et al. 1996, Daveron and Burger 1999, Fijn et al. 212). For kittiwakes, however, it was often not possible to distinguish between chick and adult diet, given the recipient was not always recorded, adults store prey in their crops for several hours before regurgitating it to the young, and some sampling methods collected both stomach and regurgitation samples. Therefore, for black-legged and red-legged kittiwakes, we 2

5 lumped adult and chick diet together. This is consistent with previous publications on kittiwake diet (e.g., Decker et al., 1995; Hunt et al., 1996a; Sinclair et al., 28, Renner et al. 212), and indeed a study on black-legged kittiwakes in the Barents Sea found diets between adults and chicks did not differ significantly (Thorvaldsen et al. 215). This report is organized by seabird species in taxonomic order per the American Ornithologist Union (AOU), and within each species by geographic area from southeast Alaska west through the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands, and then north through the Bering and Chukchi seas. In some figures and summary tables, different geographic units in the AMNWR are identified by colors. v. Study sites Diet data summarized in this report come from 2 sites across the AMNWR (Figure 1). These include all AMNWR annual monitoring sites (current: St. Lazaria, Barren Islands/East Amatuli, Chowiet, Aiktak, Buldir, St. George, St. Paul islands and Cape Lisburne; historic: Cape Thompson and Kasatochi Island), as well as some sites visited on an intermittent or opportunistic basis (Gull, Chisik, Suklik, Midun, Puffin, Egg, Bogoslof, Kiska, and St. Matthew islands). The Bluff site is not currently refuge land but is included here because the site is of biological importance and data were collected by refuge staff under a historic agreement between the refuge and landowners. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS None of these data would exist without the countless individuals who spent time collecting and analyzing these samples. REFERENCES Davoren, G.K. and A.E. Burger Difference in prey selection and behaviour during self-feeding and chick provisioning in rhinoceros auklets. Animal Behaviour 58: Decker, M.B., G.L. Hunt Jr., and G.V. Byrd The relationships among sea-surface temperature, the abundance of juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and the reproductive performance and diets of seabirds at the Pribilof Islands, southeastern Bering Sea, in: Beamish, R.J. (Ed.), Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 121, pp Drummond, B.A Detailed summary of diet data from birds on the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., AMNWR 216/5. Homer, Alaska. Fijn, R.C., J.A. Van Franeker, and P.N. Trathan Dietary variation in chick-feeding and selfprovisioning cape petrel Daption capense and snow petrel Pagadroma nivea at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. Marine Ornithology 4: Hunt Jr., G.L., M.B. Decker, and A. Kitaysky Fluctuations in the Bering Sea ecosystem as reflected in the reproductive ecology and diets of kittiwakes on the Pribilof Islands, , in: Greenstreet, S.P.R., Tasker, M.L. (Eds.), Aquatic Predators and their Prey. Fishing News Books, Oxford, pp Pedrocchi, V., D. Oro, and J. Gonzalez-Solis Differences between diet of adult and chick Audoin s gulls Larus auduinii at the Chafarinas Islands, SW Mediterranean. Ornis Fennica 73: Piatt, J.F., W.J. Sydeman, and F. Wiese. 27. Introduction: a modern role for seabirds as indicators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 352: Renner, H.M., F. Mueter, B.A. Drummond, J.A. Warzybok, and E.H. Sinclair. Patterns of change in diets of two piscivorous seabird species during 35 years in the Pribilof Islands. Deep-Sea Research II 65-7:

6 Sinclair, E.H., L.S. Vlietstra, D.S. Johnson, T.K. Zeppelin, G.V. Byrd, A.M. Springer, R.R. Ream, and G.L. Hunt Jr. 28. Patterns in prey use among fur seals and seabirds in the Pribilof Islands. Deep-Sea Research II 55: Thorvaldsen, R., R.T. Barrett, and T. Pedersen Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla adults and chicks share the same diet in the southern Barents Sea. Marine Ornithology 43:

7 Table 1. Types of diet data presented in this report. Species Diet sample collection technique Diet recipient Diet type Storm-petrels Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Adult captured at colony with mist net or by hand when reaching into burrows, regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Chick captured at colony by hand reaching into burrows, regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Cormorants Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Immature bird shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Immature Stomach Bolus collected on ground under nest Chick Bolus Chick captured at colony by hand with ladder, regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Murres Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Adult captured at colony with noose pole, stomach sample collected by lavage Adult Lavage Adult captured at colony with noose pole, stomach sample collected by forced regurgitation Adult Regurgitation Bill load observed from adult returning to colony to feed chick Chick Bill load Bill load collected from ground after dropped from adult returning to colony to feed chick Chick Bill load Bill load collected from bill from adult shot while returning to colony to feed chick Chick Bill load Chick collected at colony with noose pole or by hand with ladder or rock climbing; stomach sample collected by dissection Chick Stomach Chick captured at colony with noose pole or by hand with ladder or rock climbing; regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Auklets Adult shot, captured in mist net and collected, or found dead at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Adult shot at or near colony, regurgitation sample from gular pouch collected by dissection Chick Gular Adult captured at colony with mist net, noose carpets or other; regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Puffins Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach (includes RHAU) Bill load collected from bill from adult shot while returning to colony to feed chick Chick Bill load Chick found dead at colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Chick Stomach Bill load observed from adult returning to colony to feed chick Chick Bill load Bill load collected at nest after dropped by adult due to burrow screen, net, chick muzzle, fishing net, noose carpet or other Chick Bill load Kittiwakes Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Adult captured at colony with noose pole or foot snare, stomach sample (and sometimes regurgitation) collected by lavage Adult+Chick Lavage Immature bird shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Immature Stomach Adult captured at colony with noose pole, foot snare or mist net; regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Chick collected or found dead at colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Chick Stomach Chick captured at colony with noose pole, foot snare or by hand with ladder or rock climbing; regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Gulls Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection Adult Stomach Regurgitated pellet collected from ground, left by adult Adult Pellet Chick captured by hand, regurgitation sample collected Chick Regurgitation Regurgitated bolus collected from nest, left by adult for chick Chick Bolus Other species Adult shot at or near colony, stomach sample collected by dissection (many species) Adult Stomach Prey remains collected at nest (black oystercatcher) Chick Prey pile Chick captured at colony, regurgitation sample collected (northern fulmar) Chick Regurgitation Bill load collected from ground or by burrow screen from adult returning to colony to feed chick (pigeon guillemot) Chick Bill load 5

8 Table 2. Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Common eider Adult Buldir 199 Stomach 1 Harlequin duck Adult Egg 1992 Stomach 2 Adult Semidi Islands 1992 Stomach 1 White-winged scoter Adult Chuginadak 199 Stomach 1 Northern fulmar Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 7 Adult Buldir (1989) Stomach Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 5 Adult Semidi Islands 199, 1992 Stomach 13 Adult St. George 1975, , 1984 Stomach 2 Adult St. Paul 1978 Stomach 1 Adult Suklik 1994 Stomach 4 Adult SW Lighthouse 1991 Stomach 7 Chick Chowiet 22 Regurgitation 6 Chick St. George 1976 Regurgitation 1 Unknown Unknown 22 Unknown 19 Short-tailed shearwater Adult Attu 1988 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 1 Adult Buldir 199 Stomach 1 Adult Cape Lisburne 1983 Stomach 1 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 2 Adult Semidi Islands 199 Stomach 1 Adult St. George 1984 Stomach 1 Fork-tailed storm-petrel Adult Buldir 1989 Stomach 2 Adult Chuginadak 199 Stomach 9 Chick Great Sitkin 1997 Regurgitation 36 Chick Kasatochi Regurgitation 132 Chick Aiktak , Regurgitation 96 3 Chick Barren Islands 211, Regurgitation Chick Buldir , Regurgitation Chick St. Lazaria , Regurgitation Unknown St. Lazaria 21 Regurgitation 1 Leach s storm-petrel Adult Agattu 1989 Stomach 1 Adult Buldir (1989),199 Stomach 11 Adult Chuginadak (199) Stomach Adult Semidi Islands 199 Stomach 14 Chick Aiktak , 24, , 215 Regurgitation 64 6 Chick Buldir Regurgitation 35 3 Chick Chowiet 214 Regurgitation 1 Chick St. Lazaria , Regurgitation Unknown storm-petrel Chick Atka 22 Regurgitation 15 Chick Buldir 23 Regurgitation 3 Chick St. Lazaria 1995, 1998, 25, 28 Regurgitation 11 # pending analysis 6

9 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Double-crested cormorant Adult Aiktak (1991), Stomach 2 Chick Aiktak 2 Regurgitation 1 Red-faced cormorant Adult Agattu Stomach 1 Adult Buldir (199) Stomach Adult Mitrofania 199 Stomach 1 Adult Semidi Islands 1992 Stomach 3 Adult St. George 1978, 1995 Stomach 2 Adult St. Paul , 1993 Stomach 27 Adult Suklik 1994 Stomach 1 Chick St. George , 1984, 25 Regurgitation, Bolus 83 Chick St. Paul , 1984, 1996, 1998, Regurgitation, Bolus 9 68 Immature St. Paul Stomach 3 # pending analysis Pelagic cormorant Adult Agattu (199) Stomach Adult Barren Islands 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 7 Adult Cape Lisburne 1983 Stomach 4 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Suklik 1994 Stomach 2 Chick Buldir 26 Bolus 1 Chick St. Lazaria 1998, 2-21, 24-29, Bolus Black oystercatcher Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 1 Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 2 Adult Semidi Islands 1992 Stomach 2 Adult Suklik 1994 Stomach 1 Chick Aiktak 213, 215 Prey pile 18 Parasitic jaeger Adult Bogoslof 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Little Kiska 1992 Stomach 1 Common murre Adult Agattu 1988, 1989 Stomach 34 Adult Aiktak 1983, 1991, 1993, (1994), 1995, 1998 Stomach 3 Adult Attu 1988, 1995 Stomach 23 Adult Avatanak 1991 Stomach 3 Adult Barren Islands Stomach 37 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 7 Adult Bluff 1978, , , 199, 22 Stomach 196 Adult Bogoslof 1991, , Stomach 13 Adult Buldir , 1998 Stomach 19 Adult Cape Lisburne , , , Stomach 172 Adult Cape Thompson , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 89 Adult Chagulak 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Chisik Stomach 45 Adult Chowiet 1995, 1998 Stomach 17 Adult Gull 1998 Stomach 7 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 3 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 4 Adult Kateekuk (1995) Stomach Adult Koniuji 1996, 1998 Stomach 6 Adult Midun (1991), Stomach 13 Adult Mitrofania 199 Stomach 3 7

10 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data # pending analysis Common murre (continued) Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 5 Adult Semidi Islands 1992, 1995 Stomach 21 Adult St. George , 1981, , 1992-(1993), Stomach, Lavage, Regurgitation Adult St. Matthew , , 1997 Stomach 29 Adult St. Paul , 1984, , , 28 Stomach, Lavage 148 Adult Suklik Stomach 4 Adult SW Lighthouse 1991 Stomach 3 Adult Unalaska 199 Stomach 1 Chick Barren Islands , 213 Bill load 315 Chick Bluff 1978 Bill load, Stomach 2 Chick Cape Lisburne 1995, 1997 Stomach 3 Chick Cape Thompson 1978, (199) Bill load, Unknown 2 Chick Chisik Bill load 1578 Chick Chowiet 1998, 22, Bill load 525 Chick Gull Bill load, Regurgitation 1175 Chick St. George , 1981, 1984, , 21, 23- Bill load, Regurgitation, , 27, 21 Stomach Chick St. Matthew , Bill load 27 Chick St. Paul , 1984, 28, 21 Bill load, Regurgitation 19 Thick-billed murre Adult Agattu Stomach 8 Adult Aiktak 1983, , 1998 Stomach 12 Adult Attu 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Barren Islands 1996, 1999 Stomach 2 Adult Big Koniuji (199) Stomach Adult Bluff (198, 1984), 1986 Stomach 1 Adult Bogoslof 1991, , , 22, 29 Stomach, Lavage 81 Adult Buldir , 1998 Stomach 71 Adult Cape Lisburne , , , Stomach 521 Adult Cape Thompson , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 282 Adult Chagulak 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 9 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Koniuji 1996, 1998 Stomach 11 Adult Midun Stomach 4 Adult Semidi Islands 199 Stomach 1 Adult St. George , 1981, , , Stomach, Lavage, Regurgitation Adult St. Matthew , , 1997 Stomach 221 Adult St. Paul , 1984, 1988, , , Stomach Chick Bogoslof 29 Unknown 1 Chick Buldir 21 Bill load 9 Chick Cape Lisburne 1995, Stomach 29 Chick Cape Thompson 1978 Bill load, Stomach 3 Chick Chowiet 1998, 22, 24 Bill load 8 Chick St. George , 1981, 1984, , 1999, 21, Bill load, Regurgitation, , Unknown Chick St. Matthew , Bill load 6 Chick St. Paul , 1984, , 2, Bill load, Regurgitation, 15 Stomach, Unk. Unknown St. George 1993, 1999 Regurgitation 2 Unknown murre Chick St. George 1976, 27 Bill load 6 Chick St. Paul Bill load, Stomach 13 8

11 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Pigeon guillemot Adult Adak 1996 Stomach 1 Adult Agattu 1989 Stomach 2 Adult Aiktak 1993, 1995 Stomach 5 Adult Anangula 1994 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 1 Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Egg and Sedanka 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 3 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 2 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 2 Adult Semidi Islands (199), 1992 Stomach 1 Adult St. Matthew 1982 Stomach 11 Adult Suklik 1993 Stomach 3 Adult Unalaska 199 Stomach 4 Chick Aiktak 2, 25 Bill load 3 Marbled murrelet Adult Adak 1996 Stomach 5 Adult Attu Stomach 9 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 4 Adult Mitrofania 1992 Stomach 1 Adult Poperchenois (199) Stomach Adult Unakwik 1991 Stomach 13 Adult Unalaska 199 Stomach 12 Kittlitz s murrelet Adult Attu 1992 Stomach 3 Adult Unalaska 199 Stomach 3 Ancient murrelet Adult Adak 1996 Stomach 1 Adult Agattu (1989), 199 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 2 Adult Buldir 1988 Stomach 1 Adult Egg and Sedanka 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 3 Cassin s auklet Adult Aiktak 25 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 15 Adult Buldir ( ) Stomach 6 Adult Chuginadak 199 Stomach 1 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 1 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Semidi Islands 199 Stomach 1 Adult SW Lighthouse 1991 Stomach 3 Chick Buldir 1993, , 24-26, 29, 211- Regurgitation Chick Ulak 1998 Regurgitation 1 Parakeet auklet Adult Agattu Stomach 2 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 92 Adult Buldir 1976, Stomach 95 Adult Chagulak 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 2 Adult Otter 1976 Stomach 1 Adult Semidi Islands 199, 1992 Stomach 2 # pending analysis 9

12 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Parakeet auklet (continued) Adult St. George 1978, 1984 Stomach 2 Adult St. Matthew 1982 Stomach 5 Adult St. Paul Stomach 42 Adult Suklik 1994 Stomach 5 Chick Buldir , Regurgitation 363 Chick Chowiet 215 Regurgitation 13 Chick Gareloi 1996 Regurgitation 1 Chick Kasatochi 1999, 27 Regurgitation 4 Chick St. George 1984, 29 Gular, Regurgitation 8 Chick St. Matthew 1982 Gular 1 Chick St. Paul , 1996, 29 Gular, Regurgitation 4 Least auklet Adult Buldir 1976, 1988, 199 Stomach 12 Adult St. George 1976, 1978, 1984 Stomach 14 Adult St. Paul , 1984 Stomach 93 Chick Buldir 1976, 1991, Regurgitation, Gular 529 Chick Gareloi 1996, 26 Regurgitation 57 Chick Kasatochi Regurgitation Chick Kiska Regurgitation Chick Semisopochnoi 1997 Regurgitation 4 Chick St. George 1975, 1977, 1984, 1986, Regurgitation, Gular Chick St. Matthew , Regurgitation, Gular 19 Chick St. Paul , 1984, 1986, 1989, , Regurgitation, Gular Whiskered auklet Adult Buldir 1976, Stomach 41 Adult Egg Stomach 42 Adult Egg and Sedanka 1993 Stomach 16 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 3 Chick Buldir 1976, 1991, Regurgitation, Gular Chick Egg 25 Regurgitation 26 Chick Kasatochi 27 Regurgitation 4 Crested auklet Adult Agattu 199 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 17 Adult Buldir 1976, 1988, 199 Stomach 12 Adult Chagulak 1992 Stomach 24 Adult Koniuji 1996 Stomach 1 Adult St. George 1984 Stomach 13 Adult St. Paul Stomach 1 Chick Buldir 1991, Regurgitation 132 Chick Gareloi 26 Regurgitation 32 Chick Kasatochi Regurgitation 49 1 Chick Kiska 21, 23-24, Regurgitation Chick St. George 1984 Gular 13 Chick St. Matthew Gular 7 Chick St. Paul , 29 Gular, Regurgitation 22 Rhinoceros auklet Adult Big Koniuji (199) Stomach Adult Chowiet 1998 Stomach 6 Chick Chowiet 1979, 1993, 1995, 1998, 22, 24-27, Bill load , Chick St. Lazaria Bill load # pending analysis 1

13 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Horned puffin Adult Agattu 1989 Stomach 1 Adult Aiktak Stomach 9 Adult Avatanak 1991 Stomach 1 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 46 Adult Bluff (1978), 1986, (199) Stomach 1 Adult Bogoslof 1991 Stomach 1 Adult Buldir 1988, 199 Stomach 7 Adult Cape Thompson 1982 Stomach 2 Adult Chagulak 1993 Stomach 3 Adult Chisik Stomach 13 Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 5 Adult Egg 1991 Stomach 1 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 2 Adult Haystacks (1991) Stomach Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 3 Adult Midun (1992), Stomach 6 Adult Mitrofania 199, 1992 Stomach 13 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 1 Adult Semidi Islands 1992 Stomach 16 Adult St. George 1978, 1984 Stomach 15 Adult St. Matthew Stomach 6 Adult St. Paul , 1984 Stomach 37 Adult Suklik Stomach 18 Adult Unalaska 199, 1992 Stomach 13 Chick Aiktak 2, 25, 21, 212, 214 Bill load 1 Chick Bird 1996 Bill load 1 Chick Buldir , 1994, 1996, Bill load 61 Chick Cape Lisburne 1997 Stomach 1 Chick Central 1994 Bill load 1 Chick Chisik Bill load 546 Chick Chowiet Bill load 2 Chick High 1994 Bill load 22 Chick Midun Bill load 8 Chick Sozavarika 1987 Bill load 34 Chick St. George 1984 Bill load 2 Chick St. Paul , 1984 Bill load 26 Chick Suklik 1979, , , 214 Bill load, Unknown 1286 Tufted puffin Adult Agattu Stomach 11 Adult Aiktak Stomach 113 Adult Aiktak-Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 3 Adult Anangula 1994 Stomach 12 Adult Attu 1988 Stomach 4 Adult Avatanak 1991 Stomach 8 Adult Barren Islands , 1999 Stomach 33 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 83 Adult Bogoslof 1991, Stomach 39 Adult Buldir Stomach 12 Adult Cape Thompson 1982 Stomach 2 Adult Chagulak Stomach 3 Adult Chowiet 1995 Stomach 1 Adult Chuginadak 199 Stomach 2 Adult Egg Stomach 21 Adult Egg and Sedanka 1993 Stomach 14 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 19 Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 9 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 24 Adult Koniuji Stomach 18 # pending analysis 11

14 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Tufted puffin (continued) Adult Little Kiska 1992 Stomach 11 Adult Midun Stomach 56 Adult Mitrofania 199, 1992 Stomach 6 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 2 Adult Puffin 1992 Stomach 17 Adult Semidi Islands 199, 1992 Stomach 22 Adult St. George 1984 Stomach 8 Adult St. Paul Stomach 27 Adult Suklik Stomach 2 Adult SW Lighthouse 1991 Stomach 2 Adult Unalaska 1992 Stomach 15 Adult Yunaska 1993 Stomach 9 Chick Adak 199 Bill load 2 Chick Agattu Bill load 35 Chick Aiktak , , Bill load, Unknown 427 Chick Anangula 212 Bill load 4 Chick Ananuliak , 1994 Bill load 13 Chick Baby Islands 212 Bill load 41 Chick Barren Islands Bill load 1457 Chick Bogoslof 1991, , 212 Bill load 337 Chick Buldir , 1994, Bill load 588 Chick Central Bill load 91 Chick Chagulak , 212 Bill load 65 Chick Chitka 213 Bill load 7 Chick Chowiet Bill load 2 Chick Egg , , 212 Bill load 356 Chick Flat 1993 Bill load 5 Chick Gannet 212 Bill load 1 Chick Gibson 213 Bill load 3 Chick High 1994, 214 Bill load 35 Chick Kaligagan 212 Bill load 55 Chick Little Kiska 213 Bill load 5 Chick Midun , , 214 Bill load 118 Chick Nizki 213 Bill load 41 Chick Peterson 214 Bill load 12 Chick Puffin , 212 Bill load 249 Chick Round 212 Bill load 8 Chick Savage 213 Bill load 21 Chick Seal 1995 Bill load 43 Chick Sozavarika 1987, 214 Bill load 3 Chick Suklik 1979, , , Bill load 2617 Chick St. Lazaria 1996, 215 Bill load 17 1 Chick St. Paul 1976, 1979 Bill load 8 Chick Tangagm 1986 Bill load 49 Chick Ugauishak , 214 Bill load 133 Chick Unalga 213 Bill load 26 Chick Vsevidof 1994, 212 Bill load 129 Chick Whip 213 Bill load 27 Unknown puffin Chick Aiktak 29, 215 Bill load 5 Chick Buldir 2, 21, 29 Bill load 9 Chick Central 1994 Bill load 14 Chick Suklik 1994 Bill load 1 # pending analysis 12

15 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # # samples pending with data analysis Black-legged kittiwake Adult Agattu 1988, 1989 Stomach 17 Adult Attu 1988 Stomach 17 Adult Barren Islands Stomach 38 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 28 Adult Bluff 1978, , , 1998 Stomach 269 Adult Bogoslof 1991, , , 22 Stomach 65 Adult Buldir Stomach 11 Adult Cape Lisburne , , , Stomach Adult Cape Thompson , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 172 Adult Chisik , 1999 Stomach 3 Adult Chowiet 1995, 1998 Stomach 13 Adult Egg 1991 Stomach 3 Adult Egg and Sedanka 1993 Stomach 7 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 9 Adult Haystacks 1991, 1995 Stomach 28 Adult Kagamil 1993 Stomach 1 Adult Koniuji 1996, 1998 Stomach 26 Adult Midun Stomach 33 Adult Mitrofania 199, 1992 Stomach 2 Adult Poperchenois 199 Stomach 12 Adult Puffin 1992 Stomach 2 Adult Semidi Islands 199, 1992 Stomach 7 Adult St. George , 1981, , , Stomach Adult St. Matthew , , 1997 Stomach 177 Adult St. Paul , 1984, , Stomach 334 Adult Suklik Stomach 3 Adult Unalaska 199, 1992 Stomach 7 Adult+Chick Bogoslof 29 Lavage, Regurgitation 3 Adult+Chick St. George 28, (29) Lavage 29 Adult+Chick St. Paul Regurgitation, Lavage 32 Chick Barren Islands Regurgitation 43 Chick Bird 1996 Regurgitation 9 Chick Bluff 1983, (22) Regurgitation, Unk. 3 Chick Bogoslof , 29 Regurgitation, Unk. 59 Chick Buldir , , Regurgitation 37 Chick Cape Lisburne , 1995, Regurgitation, Stomach 78 Chick Chisik Regurgitation 26 Chick Gull Regurgitation 192 Chick Kateekuk 1998 Stomach 7 Chick St. George , 1981, 1988, , Regurgitation, Unk , 23, 26, Chick St. Paul , , , Regurgitation, Stomach , 2, 23, 26, Immature St. Paul 1984 Stomach 1 Red-legged kittiwake Adult Bogoslof Stomach 27 Adult Buldir Stomach 11 Adult St. George , 1981, , , Stomach Adult St. Paul , 1984, 1992, 1994, 1997 Stomach 12 Chick Bogoslof Regurgitation, Unk. 28 Chick Buldir , , Regurgitation 411 Chick St. George , 198, 1984, , Regurgitation, Stomach , , Chick St. Paul , 1979, 26-27, 21 Regurgitation, Unk. 34 Juvenile St. George 1999 Stomach 1 13

16 Table 2 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by species in taxonomic order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (<5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Recipient Island s Diet type # samples with data Unknown kittiwake Adult Bogoslof 1999 Stomach 1 Chick St. Paul 1975 Regurgitation 1 Black-headed gull Adult Cape Lisburne 1983 Stomach 4 Mew gull Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 2 Adult Mitrofania 1992 Stomach 1 # pending analysis Glaucous-winged gull Adult Agattu Stomach 3 Adult Aiktak 1995, Pellet, Stomach 189 Adult Avatanak 1991 Stomach 9 Adult Barren Islands 1995 Stomach 5 Adult Big Koniuji 199 Stomach 11 Adult Bluff 1986 Stomach 1 Adult Buldir 1988, Pellet, Stomach 1114 Adult Chisik 1995 Stomach 3 Adult Chowiet 1995, 24-27, Pellet, Stomach 2579 Adult Flat 1993 Stomach 2 Adult Kasatochi Pellet 1374 Adult Mitrofania 1992 Stomach 1 Adult Semidi Islands 199, 1992 Stomach 3 Adult St. Lazaria 23, 215 Pellet, Stomach 83 Adult St. Paul 1978 Stomach 9 Chick Aiktak , 215 Bolus, Regurgitation, Unknown Chick Buldir 21 Unknown 1 Chick Chowiet 22, 24 Regurgitation Chick Gull 1995 Unknown 1 Chick St. Lazaria 22, 26, Regurgitation 11 7 Unknown Aiktak Regurgitation, Unknown 9 Glaucous gull Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 1 Unknown Adult Haystacks 1991 Stomach 2 Adult Unknown 1991 Stomach 2 Chick St. George Bill load, Unknown 3 Chick St. Paul Bill load, Unknown 8 Unknown Aiktak 21 Unknown 4 14

17 Table 3. Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by site in alphabetical order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (those with <5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Species a Recipient s Diet type # samples with data Adak PIGU Adult 1996 Stomach 1 MAMU Adult 1996 Stomach 5 ANMU Adult 1996 Stomach 1 TUPU Chick 199 Bill load 2 Agattu LHSP Adult 1989 Stomach 1 RFCO Adult Stomach 1 PECO Adult (199) Stomach COMU Adult 1988, 1989 Stomach 34 TBMU Adult Stomach 8 PIGU Adult 1989 Stomach 2 ANMU Adult (1989), 199 Stomach 1 PAAU Adult Stomach 2 CRAU Adult 199 Stomach 1 HOPU Adult 1989 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult Stomach 11 TUPU Chick Bill load 35 BLKI Adult 1988, 1989 Stomach 17 GWGU Adult Stomach 3 # pending analysis Aiktak FTSP Chick , Regurgitation 96 3 LHSP Chick , 24, , 215 Regurgitation 64 6 DCCO Adult (1991), Stomach 2 DCCO Chick 2 Regurgitation 1 BLOY Chick 213, 215 Prey pile 18 COMU Adult 1983, 1991, 1993, (1994), 1995, 1998 Stomach 3 TBMU Adult 1983, , 1998 Stomach 12 PIGU Adult 1993, 1995 Stomach 5 PIGU Chick 2, 25 Bill load 3 CAAU Adult 25 Stomach 1 HOPU Adult Stomach 9 HOPU Chick 2, 25, 21, 212, 214 Bill load 1 TUPU Adult Stomach 113 TUPU Chick , , Bill load, Unknown 427 UNPU Chick 29, 215 Bill load 5 GWGU Adult 1995, Pellet, Stomach 189 GWGU Chick , 215 Bolus, Regurgitation, Unknown GWGU Unknown Regurgitation, Unknown 9 UUUU Unknown 21 Unknown 4 Aiktak/Big Koniuji TUPU Adult 199 Stomach 3 Anangula PIGU Adult 1994 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult 1994 Stomach 12 TUPU Chick 212 Bill load 4 Ananuliak TUPU Chick , 1994 Bill load 13 Atka UNST Chick 22 Regurgitation 15 15

18 Table 3 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by site in alphabetical order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (those with <5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Species a Recipient s Diet type # samples with data Attu STSH Adult 1988 Stomach 1 COMU Adult 1988, 1995 Stomach 23 TBMU Adult 1995 Stomach 1 MAMU Adult Stomach 9 KIMU Adult 1992 Stomach 3 TUPU Adult 1988 Stomach 4 BLKI Adult 1988 Stomach 17 Avatanak COMU Adult 1991 Stomach 3 HOPU Adult 1991 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult 1991 Stomach 8 GWGU Adult 1991 Stomach 9 Baby Islands TUPU Chick 212 Bill load 41 Barren Islands (including East and West Amatuli) FTSP Chick 211, Regurgitation PECO Adult 1995 Stomach 1 COMU Adult Stomach 37 COMU Chick , 213 Bill load 315 TBMU Adult 1996, 1999 Stomach 2 TUPU Adult , 1999 Stomach 33 TUPU Chick Bill load 1457 BLKI Adult Stomach 38 BLKI Chick Regurgitation 43 GWGU Adult 1995 Stomach 5 Big Koniuji NOFU Adult 199 Stomach 7 STSH Adult 199 Stomach 1 PECO Adult 199 Stomach 7 BLOY Adult 199 Stomach 1 COMU Adult 199 Stomach 7 TBMU Adult (199) Stomach PIGU Adult 199 Stomach 1 MAMU Adult 199 Stomach 4 ANMU Adult 199 Stomach 2 BLKI Adult 199 Stomach 28 CAAU Adult 199 Stomach 15 PAAU Adult 199 Stomach 92 CRAU Adult 199 Stomach 17 RHAU Adult (199) Stomach HOPU Adult 199 Stomach 46 TUPU Adult 199 Stomach 83 MEGU Adult 199 Stomach 2 GWGU Adult 199 Stomach 11 Bird HOPU Chick 1996 Bill load 1 BLKI Chick 1996 Regurgitation 9 # pending analysis 16

19 Table 3 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by site in alphabetical order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (those with <5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Species a Recipient s Diet type # samples with data Bluff COMU Adult 1978, , , 199, 22 Stomach 196 COMU Chick 1978 Bill load, Stomach 2 TBMU Adult (198, 1984), 1986 Stomach 1 HOPU Adult (1978), 1986, (199) Stomach 1 BLKI Adult 1978, , , 1998 Stomach 269 BLKI Chick 1983, (22) Regurgitation, Unk. 3 GWGU Adult 1986 Stomach 1 Bogoslof PAJA Adult 1993 Stomach 1 COMU Adult 1991, , Stomach 13 TBMU Adult 1991, , , 22, 29 Stomach, Lavage 81 TBMU Chick 29 Unknown 1 HOPU Adult 1991 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult 1991, Stomach 39 TUPU Chick 1991, , 212 Bill load 337 BLKI Adult 1991, , , 22 Stomach 65 BLKI Adult+Chick 29 Lavage, Regurgitation 3 BLKI Chick , 29 Regurgitation, Unk. 59 RLKI Adult Stomach 27 RLKI Chick Regurgitation, Unk. 28 UNKI Adult 1999 Stomach 1 Buldir COEI Adult 199 Stomach 1 NOFU Adult (1989) Stomach STSH Adult 199 Stomach 1 FTSP Adult 1989 Stomach 2 FTSP Chick , Regurgitation LHSP Adult (1989),199 Stomach 11 LHSP Chick Regurgitation 35 3 UNST Chick 23 Regurgitation 3 RFCO Adult (199) Stomach PECO Chick 26 Bolus 1 COMU Adult , 1998 Stomach 19 TBMU Adult , 1998 Stomach 71 TBMU Chick 21 Bill load 9 ANMU Adult 1988 Stomach 1 CAAU Adult ( ) Stomach 6 CAAU Chick 1993, , 24-26, 29, Regurgitation PAAU Adult 1976, Stomach 95 PAAU Chick , Regurgitation 363 LEAU Adult 1976, 1988, 199 Stomach 12 LEAU Chick 1976, 1991, Regurgitation, Gular 529 WHAU Adult 1976, Stomach 41 WHAU Chick 1976, 1991, Regurgitation, Gular CRAU Adult 1976, 1988, 199 Stomach 12 CRAU Chick 1991, Regurgitation 132 HOPU Adult 1988, 199 Stomach 7 HOPU Chick , 1994, 1996, Bill load 61 TUPU Adult Stomach 12 TUPU Chick , 1994, Bill load 588 UNPU Chick 2, 21, 29 Bill load 9 BLKI Adult Stomach 11 BLKI Chick , , Regurgitation 37 RLKI Adult Stomach 11 RLKI Chick , , Regurgitation 411 GWGU Adult 1988, Pellet, Stomach 1114 GWGU Chick 21 Unknown 1 # pending analysis 17

20 Table 3 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by site in alphabetical order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (those with <5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Species a Recipient s Diet type # samples with data Cape Lisburne STSH Adult 1983 Stomach 1 PECO Adult 1983 Stomach 4 COMU Adult , , , Stomach 172 COMU Chick 1995, 1997 Stomach 3 TBMU Adult , , , Stomach 521 TBMU Chick 1995, Stomach 29 HOPU Chick 1997 Stomach 1 BLKI Adult , , , Stomach 287 BLKI Chick , 1995, Regurgitation, Stomach 78 BLGU Adult 1983 Stomach 4 Cape Thompson COMU Adult , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 89 COMU Chick 1978, (199) Bill load, Unknown 2 TBMU Adult , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 282 TBMU Chick 1978 Bill load, Stomach 3 HOPU Adult 1982 Stomach 2 TUPU Adult 1982 Stomach 2 BLKI Adult , 1982, 1988, , 1995 Stomach 172 Central HOPU Chick 1994 Bill load 1 TUPU Chick Bill load 91 UNPU Chick 1994 Bill load 14 Chagulak COMU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 TBMU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 PAAU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 CRAU Adult 1992 Stomach 24 HOPU Adult 1993 Stomach 3 TUPU Adult Stomach 3 TUPU Chick , 212 Bill load 65 Chisik COMU Adult Stomach 45 COMU Chick Bill load 1578 HOPU Adult Stomach 13 HOPU Chick Bill load 546 BLKI Adult , 1999 Stomach 3 BLKI Chick Regurgitation 26 GWGU Adult 1995 Stomach 3 Chitka TUPU Chick 213 Bill load 7 Chowiet NOFU Adult 1995 Stomach 5 NOFU Chick 22 Regurgitation 6 LHSP Chick 214 Regurgitation 1 BLOY Adult 1995 Stomach 1 COMU Adult 1995, 1998 Stomach 17 COMU Chick 1998, 22, Bill load 525 TBMU Chick 1998, 22, 24 Bill load 8 PIGU Adult 1995 Stomach 1 PAAU Adult 1995 Stomach 1 PAAU Chick 215 Regurgitation 13 RHAU Adult 1998 Stomach 6 # pending analysis 18

21 Table 3 (continued). Complete list of avian (mostly seabird) diet datasets from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, presented by site in alphabetical order. Datasets summarized in this report (those with >5 years data or ongoing sampling) are shown in red; additional datasets that exist but are not summarized in this report (those with <5 years data and not ongoing sampling) are shown in black. s in parentheses indicate all samples from that year were empty. Species a Recipient s Diet type # samples with data # pending analysis Chowiet (continued) RHAU Chick 1979, 1993, 1995, 1998, 22, 24-27, 29, Bill load HOPU Adult 1995 Stomach 5 HOPU Chick Bill load 2 TUPU Adult 1995 Stomach 1 TUPU Chick Bill load 2 BLKI Adult 1995, 1998 Stomach 13 GWGU Adult 1995, 24-27, Pellet, Stomach 2579 GWGU Chick 22, 24 Regurgitation Chuginadak WWSC Adult 199 Stomach 1 FTSP Adult 199 Stomach 9 LHSP Adult (199) Stomach CAAU Adult 199 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult 199 Stomach 2 Egg HARD Adult 1992 Stomach 2 WHAU Adult Stomach 42 WHAU Chick 25 Regurgitation 26 HOPU Adult 1991 Stomach 1 TUPU Adult Stomach 21 TUPU Chick , , 212 Bill load 356 BLKI Adult 1991 Stomach 3 Egg and Sedanka PIGU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 ANMU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 WHAU Adult 1993 Stomach 16 TUPU Adult 1993 Stomach 14 BLKI Adult 1993 Stomach 7 Flat PECO Adult 1993 Stomach 1 TBMU Adult 1993 Stomach 1 PIGU Adult 1993 Stomach 3 HOPU Adult 1993 Stomach 2 TUPU Adult 1993 Stomach 19 TUPU Chick 1993 Bill load 5 BLKI Adult 1993 Stomach 9 GWGU Adult 1993 Stomach 2 Gannet TUPU Chick 212 Bill load 1 Gareloi PAAU Chick 1996 Regurgitation 1 LEAU Chick 1996, 26 Regurgitation CRAU Chick 26 Regurgitation 32 Gibson TUPU Chick 213 Bill load 3 Great Sitkin FTSP Chick 1997 Regurgitation 36 19