Meeting Summary. Feral Cat Task Force September 19, :30am 12:00pm

Transcription

1 Meeting Summary Feral Cat Task Frce September 19, :30am 12:00pm The fllwing is a rugh bullet pint summary f discussins and cmments made at the Birst meeting made. This is fr reference by the grup and fr future dcumentatin purpses. It is nt meant t be an exhaustive r detailed set f minutes. Task Frce Grup Members: Penny Cistar, Kaua i Humane Sciety Judy Daltn, Sierra Club (and Cat Caretaker) Hb Osterlund, Kauai Albatrss Netwrk Maka ala Kaaumana, Hui H'malu i ka ' Āina (and ther grups) Margaret Sueka, Kaua i Ferals Keren Gundersen, Kaua i Invasive Species Cmmittee Nrma Creps, DLNR/DOFAW Craig Nishimt, Veterinarian Mike Mitchell, USFWS Absent Task Frce Grup Members: Mksha McClure, Whiskers Resrt Abby Sants, N Kai Landscape Services Expert Panel Gibsn, The Humane Sciety f the United States tpher Lepczyk, University f Hawaii Gerge Wallace, American Bird Cnservancy Wlf, Best Friends Animal Sciety Penny Cistar, Kaua i Humane Sciety Observers (sign in) Prject Staff Adler, Prject Directr Catherine Marigmen, Prject Assistant Recap f FCTF Purpse and Prtcls

2 Gal cme back by December t the cuncil & cunty f Kauai with recmmendatins Exercise curtesies D nt slip int plemics; fcus n facts as best we can understand them Try t learn tday; nt seeking agreement Vide is permitted d nt replay ne snippet/ut f cntext Grund Rules fr Observers We will leave time t ask questins and then cmments Intrduce yurself and state yur afbiliatin A single cmment nt multiple Can receive written cmments Prcedures fr Expert Panel Particularly interested in research frm peer reviewed studies This is a learning meeting Expert Panel Intrductins: Penny Cistar, Kaua i Humane Sciety Animal welfare/shelter fr ver 39 years. Here n Kauai fr a little ver 6 mnths. Invlved in develping in creating prgrams in shelters and wrk with clny caretakers t mitigate prblem with feral cats. Inga Gibsn, The Humane Sciety f the United States Cver the state, been with HSUS fr 9 years, 17 years in animal prtectin. Wrked in many capacities i.e. in the Bield, but felt like a bigger impact wuld be in the plicies. She is part f Hawaii calitin fr prtectin f cats and wildlife & has been meeting fr 3 years. Here t learn and help where she can. Christpher Lepczyk, University f Hawaii ABC underwrte travel, wrk applied eclgy and cnservatin, backgrund in bilgist, gelgist, chemist. PHD in Bisheries and wildlife. Over 20 years f experiences in vertebrates. Several prjects n cats, 15 years f experience. Gerge Wallace, American Bird Cnservancy

3 Fcus n cnservatin f birds in the Americas Wrking n issues n birds n ceanic islands and marine birds Been with ABC fr 11 years Runs internatinal prgram creating reserves fr endangered birds Invlved in cnservatin fr 30 years ABC has been very active in the impacts f cats fr it s entire histry Strngly encurages indr cats Peter Wlf, Best Friends Animal Sciety Cat initiatives analysts & supprted by Kauai Ferals Psitin began in May Rle is using the existing science r science t be dne t infrm the plicy makers at Best Friends Blgging abut feral cat issues fr 3 years, and it is very science and plicy heavy Left psitin at ASU where he taught in design schl and qualitative research. Discussin Items Why d yu lve native birds? Gerge is a naturalist. Wrks with birds. Spent his life wrking n bilgy and cnservatin. Birds are an accessible entry pint int cnservatin issues. Peple everywhere can identify with birds. Birds are incredible Blagships fr cnservatin everywhere yu g. They are fascinating n a number f frnts. And they are very cnspicuus n Kauai. Why d yu lve cats? believes cats represent a wildness & cmpaninship. Why d yu lve all animals? had expsure in her early years t the explitatin f animals and it is a human respnsibility t prtect them. Her rganizatin is parallel t her persnal and prfessinal belief that we have a respnsibility t them. Organizatin is pised t be a leader in this discussin. Why d yu lve cats and birds? lves mst animals. Animals whether wild r dmesticate, we t are animals and part f the ecsystem. Birds and wildlife are an intrinsic part f nature. Sees the value in prtecting what have n this planet. We d nt spend enugh time utdrs. We

4 cannt have a sciety withut nature. There is a lt f evlutinary infrmatin that we can learn frm. Fr example, why birds chse the fruits they eat. Birds are smething visible and that yu can get peple excited abut. Hw many cats n Kauai and what is the range and what d we knw? What shuld we assume? Many place ppulatin estimates have been attempted but it is an rder f magnitude, and it mstly is an assumptin. Yu dn t knw if it s an wned cat r unwned cat. Owned cats will duble/triple dip, and be cunted multiple times. Nthing rigrus has been dne anywhere n any scale. Referring t Inga s mdel: Human ppulatin divided by 6? Keep in mind that is a phne survey. The ntin that there are as many wned and unwned is nt supprted by the research, based n a telephne survey in Flrida years ag. This has becme a shrt hand that we use tday. Mdels based n human ppulatin. Their estimate is 21,000-22,000 fr Kauai. Clse t the paper Basil distributed (15,000 give r take 4,000). Estimates based n Turner and Batsn bks, assumptins/estimates density f utdr cats 300 per square km, 3 per square km Ding mre rigrus studies n Maui. We d nt cunt animals r humans very well. Only a few places where we have cunted nly a few amunt f ppulatins well. We use estimatin techniques. Is it valid? There are a number f ways t d surveys. All f us can give yu an answer, but nne f them will be right. Can t say but hw many but guess wuld be in the thusands. Dn t knw what thusands. At UH alne, Tend t be clnies in urban areas. We d nt have large f clnies where peple cannt access them. Gerge There are estimates but it s cmplicated because cats are nt evenly distributed by space.

5 Mre densely ppulated where they are fed. Even where cats are being fed, they are are ncturnal animals which affects their detectability. Where are the cats? And in cnjunctin t native bird habitats? Gerge The studies have been fairly gd, and there are a higher number f cats where there is mre human ppulatin. There is a lt f verlap f high densities f cats and native birds, because there are lwland areas fr wetland birds. If we verlaid distributin f cats & native birds we wuld see a high degree f verlap. Remember cats are nt native here. This is a cnservatin issue. What are the parallels we shuld be lking thrugh management slutins? Where are there gd analgs fr us t think abut? Marin Island is a well- dcumented cat eradicatin prgram. It tk 19 years t eradicate an uninhabited island (pisn, hunting). Suspect because f difbiculty f terrain. Ascensin island is inhabited and cst $1700 per cat t eradicate. Abut 700 cats. Gerge Peter is talking abut islands where all cats might be eradicated. Wrking n Scrr Island t eradicate, will be a cuple millin dllars. Different abut eradicating cats than what we are talking abut here n Kauai. It is nt practical here. Wanted t clarify he was nt suggesting eradicating animals n all f Kauai Maps frm Nrma Creps Cat clny Maps based n staff bservatins, and des nt indicate all clnies, and yu will Bind mre. A cat clny is smene feeding mre than 2 3 cats. There are sme with 5 and sme with 100. Als cats caught in the interir where there are endangered frest and sea birds. Shearwaters and petrels maps Knwn & suspected areas Every year there is fall ut SOS prgram 1000 birds received every year, nt just in these areas all alng the cast

6 Fall ut Birds are attracted by the lights because they used t use mn and star t g ut t see. They circle and tire themselves ut and fall t the grund and becme susceptible t predatins r getting hit by cars Frest Birds Map Alakai swamp Sme f the rarest birds in the wrld Hawaiian Hary Bat All ver the island Klea The whle island high t lw elevatins Migratry species Kla Less than 2000 bird ppulatin, majrity n this island rivers, rivers muths Mli Large seabirds Lcated n nrth shre n private lands & PMRF Nene Nt just in castal areas Kauai is the strnghld, nly island where ppulatin is increasing Only abut 2000 in the wrld, and the mst f this island Waterbirds (Alae Ula, Alae Keke, Ae ) Maps des nt d this justice All three are endangered Alae Ula Alae Keke 1500 Ae Every island very imprtant t bird ppulatins Wedge tailed Shearwater It s where peple are nt surveying where the birds get hit hardest White tailed trpic bird Areas where they have been bserved Mst birds are grund nesters, prir t intrductin f cats and dgs, and they have high mrtality rates Wlf claribicatin questin: Where des the infrmatin f nn- surveyed cme frm? The areas utside management (refuges) area is hit hardest, because they get calls where there a bunch f dead birds.

7 Experience elsewhere r in Hawaii: are there are gd recrds f bird kills by cats r dgs? Wh tracks that? Where are their mdels f tracking and knwing? What jurisdictin is wrking n this? State and feds have the mst & best infrmatin fr Hawaii specibically. We need mre infrmatin. There are different behavirs and issues when we were talking abut humans There is n questin t the impact Maui identibied areas f greatest cnblict, and mitigatin set frth measures t prevent cats in areas Take natinal surveys with a grain f salt Cat predatin is nt necessarily n native birds Gerge Recent analysis by La Salle estimates birds annually, meta analysis f studies The impact n birds glbally is s well dcumented is beynd questin. There are hundreds f papers. There are ther predatrs, but cats threaten the ppulatin f birds tremendusly With the absence f predatr cntrl the bird ppulatin wuld be greatly affected It is beynd a meta analysis that they are using. It is existing data, and use simulatin mdeling. It is fr 48 states nt Hawaii r Alaska. It is a statistical apprach. Dne many studies f excretin r cat gut study cntents, it s nn exhaustive 850 species that are eaten by cats. Estimates are nt relevant t Hawaii The pl f data suggests they target native species that are targeted by feral cats. Yu cannt recncile with any statement f impact. We shuld nt be using the Smithsnian study because it is nt relevant. Stresses the imprtance f cntext. What jurisdictin shuld we use? What is the best we shuld be thinking abut? Wh s ding it best?

8 TNR is mst affective where it s really supprted at all levels. Municipality is highly supprted, funding and shelters. Cmmunities desperately want this. Mst recently Baltimre. Well dcumented in San Jse, 4 years in - all dne n municipality side. 25% drp f intake cats cming in; cats cming int this prgram are predminantly healthy cats suggests caretakers; the level f supprt by municipalities nt being an verly burdensme restrictive system Cmprmises that is prsed can be burdensme/restrictive which makes it difbicult t be successful 85% f peple surveyed are against lethal cntrl Municipalities have statues n the bk withut being enfrced The US des nt d a gd jb New Jersey is nt accepted mdel by the scientibic cmmunity (referring t Inga & Penny s answers belw) Gerge Aurra, Clrad gets held up that manages cat well; Aurra has limit t amunt f cats yu can wn We need t treat cats as ther pets (licensing, mandatry spay/neater) Many jurisdictins in Hawaii and acrss the cuntry we regulate dgs effectively, and cats are mainly perating utside the law Penny Successful TNR is cntrlling immigratin (inblux); n success with a cnstant inblux; gd management f clnies and keeping it stable New Jersey cllatin in 2007, a mdel rdinance fr TNR; cnducted a risk analysis, develped step by step prtcls, determined where clnies are nt apprpriate; a gd mdel because it creates a frmal prcess, and determining high risk areas New jersey has a gd rdinance, prtected shrelines, established clnies, buffer znes arund these area, it is a lcal rdinance (Tabernacle); it has gd clny management requirements. The clny shuld be decreasing nt increasing. San Jse is nt smething we culd mdel. New Jersey wuld be the clsest.

9 Task Frce Questins/Cmments: Mike Talking frm Birst hand, 2007 a btulism utbreak which required surveying; Fr the last 19 mnths surveyed 70 acres, and have fund in the last 3 mnths dcumented 67 carcasses killed by cats. Hw did we knw? Based n experience that a barn wl carcass is different than a cat kill. Cat kill is yu Bind is legs wings and head. Cat eats rest f the bnes. We can determine a cat kill. Well dcumented in a small area. Nt suggesting it shuld be extraplated, this is the highest density f specibic birds. Craig On islands that they eradicate cats, did rdent ppulatins decline? Accrding t peer reviewed cmputer mdeling, they did see that after cats gne, predatin frm rats. The literature has seen bth f ppulatin decline & increase Depends n management actins, there are prgrams that include vertebrae eradicatin Hb Hw will we best measure success? Need t have an agreement fr survey r census methdlgy, because yu need a baseline An agreed upn way t cunt/measure/estimate and use it as a basis befre yu d anything A mdel tiered upn pririty Keren What is cnsidered feral cat management? The decline in cats? Or the healthy treatment cats? Or they are nt impacting wildlife? Hw are cnservatinists ging t perceive TNR as successful? It is all f thse gals. What is a gd managed clny? There is such a scpe management. Manage is key, ppulatin cntrl thrugh

10 attritin. Greatest challenge is the management in preventing immigratin as much as pssible (sterilizing). Determining sterilizatin rates (73-80% f the clny needs t be sterilized). Mitigating nuisance nt leaving fd ut, cleaning up fecal matter, pulling injured cats. Clnies are nt apprpriate in all areas. There are areas here where there shuld nt be cats. DeBinitely areas where there is a higher threat. When smene cnsiders returning cats r managing a clny, lcatin is critical Mike If we were t create a clny, what shuld the buffer be? What is their raming behavir? What shuld we hne in n as a gd range? Gerge A challenge fr the task frce, because there are many areas f native birds. Very few areas where cats will nt affect native birds. Sme research says that cats that are fed will less likely prey, but their range is still very large Maka ala When we d the Wirst steps, baseline makes sense, but we may nt have time. Where wuld yu start? Penny Management will fail if we dn t Bix the frnt side f this prblem - licensing and treating cats as wned pets. Owning cats is a privilege nt a right. Need t d smething abut licensing, keeping them indrs, and neutering. Shrt term & lng term is the nly way we culd talk abut a slutin We are mving frward with a cat licensing prgram that prvides fr spay and neutering cmpnent, and there is much we are waiting n frm the taskfrce t mve frward The human sciety & cunty are prpsing this rdinance Gerge Imprtant fr the cunty t lead n this, if it cmes frm the tp it will have mre clut Deciding where cat clnies cannt be is smething that needs t be tackled.

11 Nt ppsed paying licensing, but nt aware that it makes a dent. Services need t be prvided at lw r n cst. Margaret suggestins n getting int the hearts and minds f Kauai citizens? 3 ways: cause incentives, educate, make smething illegal; Ecnmical changes make an impact; Multi prnged apprach Enact plicy and enfrce it, and educate Hawaii residents d nt place value n a lt f animals nt just cats, which is difbicult t vercme. Smewhere in there needs t be accessibility (i.e. if there is n recycling bin prvided when yu want t recycle) Pets fr life mdel: lking at resurces and accessibility which we can easily prepare fr Kauai Traditinal media isn t wrking and we are using ther methds f utreach (Penny can prvide this infrmatin) Hb Des anyne have a successful prgram fr reducing immigratin? Sterilizatin techniques: new research demnstrates that leaving certain parts in tact there will be less immigratin; New cats and kittens need t be remved, but they are allwed and remain in clnies. Really need t educate, because keeping thse cats in the clny is nt the answer. The established and managed clnies can be effective in Binding cats. It s a useful tl In Rme 36% decrease in numbers, despite 21% immigratin Let s call it migratin, the nly way t stp it is a fence r a wall and have it mnitred Nrma Peer review articles where predatin f cats frm clnies n bird clnies. As a wildlife bilgist, spay/neuter cats prevent death f wildlife? Peter need t lk at cntext

12 Txplasmsis Questins Maka ala n ne level it des nt matter what tx kills, particularly interested that n Kauai and we are vertical, and whatever happens gets t waterways and gets t animals and peple. What are the impacts t peple? Recent wrk in cngenital transmissin t humans; varius strains f T. gndii, mst fercius is type 12; When they screen pregnant wmen in Eurpe they see type 2, in this cuntry it is type 12. All the strains are nt equal in the damage they can d. We d nt knw hw prevalent the strain that is dangerus t pregnant wmen. There are n numbers that shws the increase f cats is the cause f increase f txplasmsis Agree with the bulk f literature f pregnant wmen and cmprmised immune system. Cats are debinitive hsts. Mre cncerned abut marine animals than humans. We expect t see a higher rate f txplasmsis wh wrk clser t animals. If there were a threat t humans, we wuld see it in ur rganizatin. Nrma It is the Birst thing that she was tested when she was pregnant, which means there is a threat. Reprt in 2001, it cautined city and cunty parks that it is a threat because cats are defecating in the sand. It is smething t be thughtful f. We knw that txplasmsis changes animal behavir, and epidemilgy suggests the same in humans Shuld take hme that it is a grwing bdy, and the health effects are greater; Gerge We shuld nt trivialize the grup f peple (pregnant wmen & cmprmised immune systems) When CDC says we shuld be cncerned abut this we shuld nt take it lightly Kauai s turism industry hinges n clean beaches Margaret Txplasmsis has been with us fr a lng time

13 Hb What s the Liability f the cunty? CDC says pregnant wmen shuld stay ff beaches Need mre infrmatin The authrity n these issues is DOH We cannt qute infrmatin frm Nrma Kah lawe 48% tested psitive fr txplasmsis, it s a very real threat This is smething we ve knwn abut fr a lng time, but we d nt have the knwledge base that we have nw. And it des nt mean we knw everything abut it. Mre and mre suggest that it is a grander issue. Expsure leads t change. Tday we have a lt mre knwledge. There s nt evidence in humans, there s crrelatin nt causatin Margaret have we dne any tests n cats and txplasmsis? The tw places we ve lked at cats we have fund txplasmsis; where we ve lked we ve fund txplasmsis Craig we shuld keep txplasmsis in cntext, it is nly a tiny prtin f diseases. Nrma In cntext f wildlife implicatin by txplasmsis, nt just human We did nt see txplasmsis in nene until the last 5 years It s an accumulative impact Judy txplasmsis is lw n the list f threats fr mnk seals N representative frm NOAA, and cannt give answers n this We recgnize NOAA is the experts and we need mre infrmatin frm them Craig In yur experience/research, fr cat kills n birds, is it fr cnsumptin r fr fun?

14 Cats are carnivres and pprtunistic predatrs Mvement based predatrs and will kill it nt necessarily eat it. Peter Adler Wuld yu cnsider cats an Apex predatr n this island? If nt, which animal is? The apex wuld be dgs, but there are mre cntrls. In cntext f small animals, cats are a predatr, but wuld nt cnsider APEX. Nrma They kill every species f native bird; tp predatr They are at the tp f the fd web, and there are nly a few things that eat them. Peter Adler What are the areas f agreement? All agree there are t many cats, need t reduce cat ppulatin, there are places cats shuld nt be present, indr cats best place, abandnment is a tremendus issue, sterilizatin, management rle engaged in cats, prevent death & suffering f wildlife; need fr cmmunity educatin and utreach, dn t abandn an animal plicy perspective An rdinance in Hnlulu says that an utdr cat need sterilizatin r licensing, if yu d nt want t sterilize keep it indrs We d nt want peple t feel as thugh we are punishing them. There is a pcket f peple, fr whatever reasn are nt sterilizing their animals, and we want t give them thse resurces. Greatest message is educatin cats are better indrs and sterilizatin Gerge Adding t Inga, yu want smething t be instilled in the fabric; phasing in; All value cats All share value that we want cats t be humanly treated and in a larger

15 Prtland there has been cllabrative wrk that eches what everyne said Maka ala Lking fr legs t get it t a state level Penny What we are ding in the cunty rdinance what is currently in Oahu and based n the state law. All f the shelters are part f the calitin. Questins Frm Observers Kurt Last (dnrs t humane sciety) Trap & Kill has wrked smeplace ther than a nn-inhabited island. where has it wrked? Ascensin Island (34 square miles), sme human ppulatin, allwed pet wnership; 40% f wned pets were killed; it is a mdel in sme shape r frm Christmas Island ff Australia Hb Lrd Hwe Island Nrma It is nt feasible t eradicate cats Basil Sctt - What abut nuisance cats (dumped cats, nt spaying, peple being irrespnsible) & hw d we really scialize mre peple spaying their animals? Gd managed clnies, nt nly fr wildlife cncerns but als fr cats; Respnsibilities n cat wners even if their cats are spayed if they becme a nuisance. Building ur respnsibilities fr cats as we d fr dgs; we prvide mre care fr them; we tend t believe that cats are less dependent Penny Abandnment is the issue and it is difbicult t prve Strengthen the abandnment laws but we need a witness and enfrcement, s it falls back n educatin that peple need t bring cats t shelter

16 Martha Girdany - Cst studies that lk at varius management slutins? Cnducted ecnmic analysis Trap & euthanize is less cstly than TNR Imprtant t lk at ecnmical view Shwed under all variables that TNR is nt cst effective An endangered species csts $15000, and feral cats d nt have an ecnmical value Hw d yu assign a value? A curt did award damages t a wman wh were caring fr feral cats Lisa Cramptn - Spending a lt f mney fencing cats utside f wildlife animals, is there a mdel fr fencing cats in? Lana i 15,000 square feet They haven t seen kittens in a number f years Fr the mst part the ppulatin is being managed Cats have been relcated t the sanctuary There is ppulatin f a cuple thusand Anywhere else the sanctuary wuld Bill up in a day; The sanctuary has substantially drpped the ppulatin It is a privately funded Outdr facility, and limited electricity Cats are screened, islatin areas, befre entering ppulatin In Flrida estimated $200 per cat per year, and wildly ptimistic, even withut electricity; Rick Staybrk (Kauai albatrss) - Did they d anything t cntrl cat waste in Lana i? Penny Use pine needles & mulch frm existing trees and is natural bidegradable; naturally breaks dwn They have an adptin prgram, and eventually place cats that becme scialized

17 Fllw up Questin frm Rick: Des that prevent txplasmsis? Des nt seem t be a prblem Bill Spitz - A lt f talk abut clnies, at what pint des a clny becme a bad neighbr? What size? Depends n clny manager: if yu have a judicius clny manager yu will nt see cats hanging arund & yu will nt have any signs that the cats are there All depends n management We have general guidelines, but we want t knw the numbers (i.e. numbers that need t sterilized) Peter Adler Other areas: have they mved twards regulatin (law and smething enfrceable) f clnies? Penny New jersey and Prtland Nt sure if there are measurable impact Sue Sctt (Kauai Ferals) Hw wuld it lk t remve cats frm areas f endangered species? Create a picture. Gerge Requires mapping and analysis f areas Nrma (fllw up questin t panel) Penny This is animal cntrl, hw wuld that lk? Humane Sciety will need dedicated staff t the prgram, vehicles and staff; it wuld be a huge expensive undertaking that wuld take hundreds f thusands f dllars It is cntrary t the missin f the humane sciety We really need decisin matrix and risk analysis Need t g thrugh these areas pririty areas and greatest risk May be easier t prevent cats frm cming in t less ppulated areas and/r relcating smaller clnies We need t have an bjective prcess & buy int this prcess. Michelle Clark (Fish & wildlife services) - D yu have a map f cat clnies? Adler we have multiple maps & can be distributed

18 Kyle (Kauai Frest Bird Recvery Prject) - Wuld the respnsibility fall upn the cat clny managers? Where des take get assign t? There has never been a case Nrma Unprecedented t date because there hasn t been a clear case Penny There is fr dgs and there isn t fr cats It will cme int play because f licensing rdinance Gerge A case culd be brught, but it des require meticulus dcumentatin Basil Sctt (fllw up questin) Culd yu Wile an incidental take? Gerge Nt issuing an incidental take, hw are yu ging t mitigate fr avidable take? We encurage t get an incidental take, because yu are acknwledge there is an impact Opening up a whle ther hsts f activities Luise Stemlick Why d yu knw like the tabernacle review (referring t Chris s previus cmments)? Scientists d nt believe yu shuld have clnies n public lands DeBinitin f humane will be different frm persn t persn Cnservatin view pint: we d nt want t harm animals If we lk at a large scpe this is a small issue As scientists we d nt agree that leaving a specie that is nn native n the landscape is a gd idea Observers Cmments Sue Sctt We did nt put the cats in the public areas Martha Girdany Studies in 2007 frm NOAA spke with Whitman; n nrthwest Hawaiian islands

19 Mnk seals theretically killed, evidence des nt exist that txplasmsis is main cause Basil Sctt If I take all the clred maps, and the maps f the cats, it will be a 10 millin dllar prject; Read reprts f Fish and wildlife, they have a recvery plan, which is very specibic. They state what they are ging t d and it s quantitative. First step is maps and secnd is all predatrs; and they biled it dwn t the way frward and very specibic gals. Recmmend t lk at the tp recmmendatins. In assessing cst, the relevance is nt just hw much. 100% tax payers r dnr funded? Fr example, Lana i is dnr funded. Different frm ging t the cunty. It s a key differentiatr between TNR & TNE. Next Steps and Octber Meeting Fcus n Bindings and articulate Bindings and thse ptins. Resurces: A list frm Inga n agreed upn items Cpy f Hnlulu Ordinance abut sterilizatin f utdr cats Penny t prvide media used t as educatinal utreach