Heredity. Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to

Transcription

1 Genetics

2 Heredity Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

3 How do the traits get passed? Chromosomes contain genes. Different forms of the same gene are called alleles

4 lleles Example Gene hair color lleles black, brown, blonde, red

5 The Importance of Meiosis During Meiosis, when the pairs of chromosomes separate, they separate the alleles. alleles XX

6 This provides genetic variation When alleles separate during meiosis and then form different combinations during fertilization, it is like shuffling a deck of cards to create different combinations of 2. The possibilities are endless!

7 Genetics Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited.

8 Gregor Mendel The Father of Genetics Studied pea plants First to use math in plant science First to trace 1 trait through several generations

9 Mendelian Genetics Key terms: Purebred Hybrid Dominant Recessive Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype

10 Purebred vs. Hybrid Purebred-when the same traits are seen generation after generation in a species Hybrid-when the traits seen are different than the parent generation

11 Dominant & Recessive Every person has 2 alleles for every trait! Dominant-when one allele covers up another B Recessive-the allele that gets covered up or disappears. b

12 Genotype & Phenotype Genotype-the letters used to represent the alleles Phenotype-the way the organism looks Bb Black

13 Heterozygous & Homozygous Heterozygous- Homozygous- 2 different alleles 2 of the same (1 dominant & 1 alleles (either 2 recessive) dominant or 2 recessive) Bb BB or bb

14 Probability Probability is the branch of math that deals with predicting the chances that something will happen. Ex: flip a coin 50 % heads ½ heads

15 Punnett Squares Punnett Squares are used to show every possible combination of alleles from the parents Used to predict what the offspring will look like

16 How to set up a Punnett Square a X The alleles of one parent go across the top, one allele in each place

17 How to set up a Punnett Square a X The alleles of one parent go across the top, one allele in each place a

18 How to set up a Punnett Square a X The alleles of one parent go across the top, one allele in each place a

19 How to set up a Punnett Square a X The alleles of the other parent go down the side, one allele in each place a

20 How to set up a Punnett Square a X The alleles of the other parent go down the side, one allele in each place a

21 How to set up a Punnett Square a X Then, you bring one allele down and one across to fill in the boxes a

22 How to set up a Punnett Square a X Then, you bring one allele down and one across to fill in the boxes a

23 How to set up a Punnett Square a X Then, you bring one allele down and one across to fill in the boxes a a

24 How to set up a Punnett Square a X Then, you bring one allele down and one across to fill in the boxes a a

25 How to set up a Punnett Square a X Then, you bring one allele down and one across to fill in the boxes a a a

26 Using a Punnett Square a X Now you can use this information to make predictions about the offspring. a a a

27 Using a Punnett Square a X What are the chances that the offspring will be heterozygous? a a a

28 Using a Punnett Square a X What are the chances that the offspring will be heterozygous? a a ½ or 50% a

29 Let s try another Punnett Square Problem dog has black fur (Bb) and it mates with a blonde dog (bb). What are the chances that one of their puppies will have black fur? X

30 Let s try another Punnett Square Problem dog has black fur (Bb) and it mates with a blonde dog (bb). What are the chances that one of their puppies will have black fur? B b b Bb bb 50% b Bb bb

31 Let s try another Punnett Square Problem dog has black fur (Bb) and it mates with a blonde dog (bb). What are the chances that one of their puppies will have blonde fur? b B Bb b bb b Bb bb

32 Let s try another Punnett Square Problem dog has black fur (Bb) and it mates with a blonde dog (bb). What are the chances that one of their puppies will have blonde fur? B b b Bb bb 50% b Bb bb

33 1. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?.Rosalind Franklin B.James Watson C.Francis Crick D.Gregor Mendel

34 1. Who is known as the Father of Genetics?.Rosalind Franklin B.James Watson C.Francis Crick D.Gregor Mendel

35 2. Is a dog that has blonde fur (bb) homozygous or heterozygous?.homozygous B.Heterozygous

36 2. Is a dog that has blonde fur (bb) homozygous or heterozygous?.homozygous B.Heterozygous

37 3. Is Bb homozygous or heterozygous?.homozygous B.Heterozygous

38 3. Is Bb homozygous or heterozygous?.homozygous B.Heterozygous

39 4. Is red hair considered a genotype or phenotype?.genotype B.Phenotype

40 4. Is red hair considered a genotype or phenotype?.genotype B.Phenotype

41 5. What is the genotype of a fruit fly who has the recessive.ee B.Ee C.ee trait of white eyes?

42 5. What is the genotype of a fruit fly who has the recessive.ee B.Ee C.ee trait of white eyes?

43 6. What is the genotype of a fruit fly heterozygous for wing length?.ww B.Ww C.ww

44 6. What is the genotype of a fruit fly heterozygous for wing length?.ww B.Ww C.ww

45 7. Why is Meiosis important?. It separates alleles B. It allows for genetic variation when fertilization occurs C. ll of the above D. None of the above

46 7. Why is Meiosis important?. It separates alleles B. It allows for genetic variation when fertilization occurs C. ll of the above D. None of the above

47 8. What phenotype will the offspring represented in the Punnett square have?. ll recessive TT Tt B. ll dominant C. Half recessive, half dominant D. ll will have different phenotypes T T t T TT Tt

48 8. What phenotype will the offspring represented in the Punnett square have?. ll recessive TT Tt B. ll dominant C. Half recessive, half dominant D. ll will have different phenotypes T T t T TT Tt