'Young man, I know not who you are nor who your mother may he. hut. She has done you no wrong." uw. S 5,13 v o i c e aa h e 0P ke t h o s e w o r d s.

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1 k» 'Young man, I know not who you are nor who your mother may he. hut men ^ Wife and 1 forbld ^ t0 to * «L that ang?y manner. She has done you no wrong." uw " N o v / v o / l?bie? ^ «S? P^ S0, " j am y,?ur son and siloane is my mother," ness sound J?n h?«i? av n son5" rep lied the Chief, and a great sad- S 5,13 v o i c e aa h e 0P ke t h o s e w o r d s. ' my father, I am your son, the son of Siloane. Do vou w a r d s t h e ^ r it t tl'uth f my ords? Then hehold!" and, turning toheavpnq i J Tf episo exposed h is hreast upoii which the signs of the through J i i a r l y T f r k Q?t Witl1 a S r e a t shost, w h i c h was h e f r d all forth "mrip rs a3 Q > the o l d ^ C h i e f e m b r a c e d h i s s o n and, l e a d i n g h i m ars of iov q o T i PT f e t c h S i l o a n e. Q u i c k l y t h e w o m a n came and, with tem o u r n s d thaflp I ^ e f o r e h e r the s o n she h a d h o m e a n d f or w h o m she h a d for n o w nhp h e r i r Z a T r 7 T l ^ H e ^ h Q a r t over f l o w e d w i t h t h a n k f u l n e s s I 1 S p i r i t s w o u l d r e s t o r e h e r to the f a v o u r of 5e?u^S with h?hd^, kness^ ad f ^lle n upon the WOTld> TseP ^ o prepared to not zo llthn t q?? ^ ng W1SQ a^d? ls mother, to hia own people. He would f*o 1? Siloane, fo r he knew well that her l i f e would not he safe were she to remain in the same v illa g e as the wicked Mokete. with Tqe^?^r>aSh«S? n C5i f f ound that Siloane had le ft him and gone -st counsel Ar^ h er ac panied hy two of h il wise sot o ff nhi ^ I n watching h im, and when she saw him v illn p p a S «J? altiloush he sternly ordered her to return to the ment remain there u n til he had decided what should he her punishfollow him SAta^ n attention to the C hief s orders, hut continued to said to hiq? Chief became so angry with the woman that he her S be feet. ame to follow OTB!«me. So he turned l f 1 Ut and f seized f hor Mokete feet sbe and wil1 cut no o ff lon - f in ma d N?heW tne woman? ; ThL I love f Ut! and d+i the n hson l s aof n gmy e r heart?" "wil1 you le a v e rae in Pe a e to the world p! ^ h lnu, a t0 f«u» u n til the sun rose ahove the edge of another n ortim H? sh? oame c lo s e» the Chief would stop and out o ff was not conaie?efl w 3" +? * I nly ber body Was l e f t * Even then she At lem th? Ut continu?d to him, r o llin g along the ground, her b^hen th? ^? angry and d isgusted, the Chief turned and seized and a wind ^ and called down f i r o from above to consume hor, When noth?^ edge of the world to scatter her ashes over the land. went ' v,? thing remained of what had once been Mokete, the Sun Chief For cuito n re jo ic in g, for he f e l t sure he would trouble him no more., came the 5?? his counsellors travelled in peace, then again llow* to edffs nf on the m m ing air: "I follow - I fo ld oof wher*p +Vi q b 9 jworld, yes even into the land beyond the Great i? S p irits dwell, I shall fo llo w you my lo rd." Chief? a n T n th % ^ n?ns lgv M s 0aI*S to shut out the hated v oice, the Sun the Sni??tn via?? e^nf SS 0f a young brave unti l, at the hour when women and with +> «ab d es,of men> he overtook Tsepiso and the two -ffivenen^o? entered the kingdom o f h is son. How he won the for -nlacc h L in?? W-J * 3 -routb and it was arranged that he should re and amonaqt S??m are o;!-d ta les in the land of Tsepiso nour on iorp m -ir- t +Gr+? ^un Cllie±,» A feast was prepared in ho- G eat wnc> +hp ~e~letsatsi and Siloane, to which a ll men were bidden,-, had re jo ic in g in the v illa g e beneath the waters that Tsepiso s L a f t l r / ndvm? her and had restored them to each other, ainst" the q? ^.a logs ^ a cloud o f ashes hurled themselves ags W e d ' SU^ Chlef-,?nd from the midst of the cloud an angry voice have nave found you J and U 5 i I shall ^SVer hold take you siloane fo r ever." to be your wife again for I Sun rhip 1i!L th!i,0ld witch doctor was summoned that he might free the the eloud S PT r J thg.wlcked Mokete. As the old man approached, atrode gajhef,ed as i f about to burl l t s e l f up n he The alemhi?i r M orena-y-a-letsatsi, chanting a hymn to the gods, was to hanien P? «?? ^ their feet in silen ce, and waited for what over thp ^ iack staff, the doctor made strange signs rs lenvini n h ^ n? SS1V! d before the wondering eyes o f the beholdeu, leaving a handful of dust at the feet o f the Sun Chief. 5/This the doctor.e.

2 This the doctor "bade two of the counsellors gather in their hands and scatter onto the water of the River Senku, where it was soon lost to sight. In this manner was the ev il Eye of Mokete stilled for ever and peace and happiness dwelt with the Great Sun Chief and his belovad Siloane, QUESTIONS. 1. Tell us about Siloane and Mokete, 2# What happened when they went to see the Chief? 3* How did Mokete take revenge on her sister? lw What happened to Siloane s hahy? 5. How did he "become chief? 6. Tell us about his marriage. 7. How could one t e ll that Tsepiso was the eon of the Sun Chief? 8a What happened to Mokete? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

3 PART 1. "What part of the land or country do we like best?" asked old Henry. "Surely the part we live in! If we were Chinese we would most probably like China best of all; or if we lived in Europe we would like that part of the world more than any other. To understand the world and the different people who live in it, we must know as much about them as we can." Henry was a wise old man. It was said that he knew why the earth was round and not flat and why it was that we have our summers in December and our winters in June. The children knew that if they wanted to know anything about the world around them they could come to old Henry. One day the children passed Henry's house. They peered over the fence and saw the old man sitting on his stoep. Quietly they walked up to him and asked him to tell them a story. As usual Henry agreed. "I will tell you about the world we live in" said henry. "The world is so vast and there are so many countries and cities in it, that for convenience sake men divide it into 5 groups called continents. Here is a little about each of them. Next time we will hear about the different countries in detail. THIS IS AFRICA "Africa has been called the dark continent. This name was given to it because so much of the land was little known to the world. These unknown parts were mostly in the rough mountains and in the hot, thickly overgrown forests. Across the widest part of the continent stretch the shifting sands of the world's greatest desert, the Sahara. But today Africa is no longer a "dark continent" and we know a great deal about it. "Up in the North, at the mouth of the River Nile, lies Egypt, one of the oldest countries we know of. It has some busy cities, and we can visit some of the ancient cities which were once as busy and as grand. "Along the Mediterranian Sea is a fringe of land where crops are grown and cities have been built. Lately we have heard a great deal about some of these countries - Algeria, Tunis and Morocca. In these countries the people are struggling for better living conditions and for governments of their own. "Africa is an extraordinary big land and stretches very far to the South. A person has to sail 5,000 miles from the northernmost part to the Southern end. (it would take us a few years to walk this!) "The sea explorers must have thought Africa a great obstacle on their way to india, but they were pleased to have so good a half way house as Table Bay. The Atlantic and Indian Oceans stretched for many miles to the west and east of Africa and they were thankful that there was a place that they could get fresh food and water." Henry stopped speaking for a moment and then snapped at the children. "What continent do we live in?" "Where did the sailors stop on their way to India?" "How does a person travel from one country to another?" "What did Table Bay serve a3 in the old days?" When the children had answered all the questions, Henry continued. "Africa lies in the middle of all the big lands. North Africa borders on Europe and Asia on the North East. From ancient times the people lived in the Northern part of Africa, e.g. the Egyptians. South Africa had a few people scattered in different parts of the country. Later, large communities of people began to live together and great nations were formed. It took a long time before the rest of the world knew anything about the land and the people beyond the Sahara Desert. "Travellers and sailors told the most wonderful stories of Africa (no one knows if they are true or not). They told stories about huge birds that could catch elephants! and strange stories about the customs of the people of Africa. They spoke of the Bushmen and the beautiful drawings which these people had made on the walls of their caves long long

4 ago Again Henry stopped speaking and asked the children, "In ancient times where did most people live in Africa?" "In which part of Africa is the Union of S.A.?" "What stories of Africa were told by travellers and sailors?" " What is the iikjuator?" After all the children had had their say, the old man continued, "Unfortunately, we cannot say more about our great continent at this stage as we must move on to other lands, but we will have another opportunity later! Let it be said, however, that our country is rich in coal and gold and diamonds and farm lands and that we have much to reap from it in the future. THIS IS ASIA "Asia is the largest of the continents - it goes halfway up and down the earth, a third of the way round. It has more people than any other continent. It has the world's highest mountain peak (Mt. iiverest) and the world's lowest dry land (near the Dead Sea in Palestine). "Asia has some of the oldest and least known nations, like the high tableland of Tibet. And it has some of the newest additions to the world family of self-ruling nations - China, India, Mongolia, North Korea and many others. But Asia still has millions of the world's poorest people, who seldom have enough to eat or a chance to go to school and to grow up healthy and strong."

5 p a r t ii THIS IS EUROPE "Europe is a small continent. It is broken up by many high hills and mountains, curving rivers and rough coastline. It is also broken up into many countries. These have different languages and governments, different ways of doing things. But they have much in common. "Europe is so crowded with people that most farms are small. Much smaller than the farms we know in our own Country. But the peasants work very hard on them and grow many different fruits and vegetables, grains, and even fields of flowers to sell. "There are many beautiful mountains in Europe. The Alps spread out from Switzerland into France, Germany, Austria, and Italy. Most of the land in the peninsulas of Greece, Spain and Non-ray is very mountainous. So all these regions have more forests and pastures for flocks than large farms or cities. "In many of the mountainous countrios there are swift rivers, which '.re used for making electric power and for transporting wood. There are slow wind_ng streams in flatter lands, and these are good highways for boats to travel on carrying goods. It would be a strange sight in South Africa to see boats and vessels carrying goods and people, on our rivers. "Europe, as we have seen is a very crowded continent. It has many more people for its size than any other continent. It has many large cities, humming with busy factories. These factories make all sorts of goods, from toys and tiny watches to huge machines. "Almost every one of the countries of Europe has something it makes or grows especially well, which it sends out to sell in many other lands. Some countries are famous for fruits, some for grains, some for raising fine animals. Others are famous for the products of their factories. "The flat "low countries" of Northern Europe have many dairy farms. Fields of flowers grow in the Netherlands, on land lower than the sea. Great walls called dykes hold the waters back. France has many vineyards growing grapes for wine. Sweden has many electric plants built along rushing mountain streams. The hills of Italy have many olive groves. "There are great timber forests in Norway and Russia and many different types of crops and industries in Russia itself. The countries of Southern Europe too, have a great variety of crops and industries. But more about them later!

6 PART III THE AMERICAS "South America is an uncrowded sub-continent, (it consists of three important regions - South America, Central America and North -u-ncrica). Along the west coast is the world's largest chain of mountains, the Andes, run3 all the way from the North to the rocky Southern tip of the continent. Some fine cities have been built high in these mountains. And there are great forests, are valuable woods on the mountain slopes.and plantations of coffee. "The mountains have riches under the surface, too, Copper, Gold, Silver, Tin and other minerals lie in the rocks, ready to be dug out. "There are huge, hot damp forests in the great valleys of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. Hundreds of smaller rivers flow into each one of these great ones. And all through those streaming river forests, live small communities of people. They gather rubber and cacao (cocoa) beans and bananas from which they derive their living. "South America has great plains, too. On some, called the pampas, cattle graze. Wheat and grapes and many other farm crops are grown. "It was the Spaniards who conquered South America's people, hundreds of years ago and therefore Spanish is the language that is most spoken in this part of the world. "There are many industries and crops which are produced in South America, like cocoa, rubber, nuts, tea, platinum, gold, cotton fabrics. "The little countries of Central America are like South America in many ways. "They were explored and conquered by Spaniards many hundreds of years ago. But many of their people are Indians who live under intolerable conditions and are fighting for freedom and independence. Wo often hear of their struggles in our newspapers and sympathise with them. Such countries are Guatemala, Honduras, CostaRica, and Mexico. "The lands too have high mountains and thick forests and like the upper half of South America they are very hot. Their chief crops are bananas and similar fruits. "Mexico is attached to North America. Its people are Indian and Spanish. Its cities are partly new, but many of them look like old Spanish towns. It has high jagged mountains with scattered flocks and shepherds. It has tiny, steep mountain farms and great flat plains and deserts. "North of Mexico, the United States of xjncrica reaches across the continent from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic. For 1,500 miles from South to North, for nearly 3,000 miles from east to west, we can travel in one country, "In the United States there are many lakes, mountains, lowlands, and rivers. It would take too long to speak of all the different mountain ranges and great lakes and fertile lands (not to speak of deserts too) in this great strip of land. "In the United States there are factories and mills and electric power plants, cattle ranches and great fields of different types of crops, We shall hear more of them later! CANADA runs across North America and stretches from the United States far up into the Arctic. But most of the people live in a narrow strip just beyond the United Stated. North of that strip is a wilderness. There is hunting, fishing and mining, but few people live there. THIS IS AUSTRALIA "Australia is a big open, uncrowded land. It has some fine modern cities, most of them sea ports like Sydney. But beyond the blue mountains inland from the east coast lie the wide open spaces of the continent. "Beyond the plains is the wild "bush" country, with scattered sheep stations, as the ranches of Australia are called. "To the North, toward the Lquator, are some great, thick forests. But the whole centre of the continent is a great desert which is one of the least knoim parts of the earth. It is very hot and dry and hard to travel on. There are many parts no man has ever visited to this day.

7 - 2 - "And now we must leave Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia, but wo shall return to them as we discuss each different land in turn! Remember though, that this is just a postcard snap of the world and that there is a great deal more to be said about the countries that make up the World we live in. A great deal more!", chuckled old Henry.

8 ) STOFSES FROM THE SCIENCES. GROUP III. Those of us who live in South Africa know quite well what lightning is. When a big rain storm is coming we see a bright light in the sky followed by a ' very big noise. We call the noise thunder. M&st of us are afraid of lightning9 and rightly so, because sometimes it kills people. Usually a flash of lightning, as it is called, passes between one cloud and another. This sort of lightning is not dangerous. But sometimes the flash passes between a cloud and the earth, and this sort is dangerous, because the flash may pass/hfcough the body of a man, and if it does, that man may very likely be killed* Very often the lightning hits a tree or a hut, and sometimes when this happens the hut or tree catches fire. In Pondoland there are certain things the people do to try to keep the lightning away from their huts. When a hut is damaged by lightning the people usually get the help of a medicine man or withdoctor, who comes with special medicines which he puts on^and around the hut. The people believe that the medicines will keep the lightning away. Sometimes after a number of years the hut is hit again by the lightning. Then the people say: "The medicines have kept the hut safe for a time, but they are getting old and weak. We must get the witchdoctor to come &nd doctor the hut with fresh medicines every few months. The the lightning will be kept away always." If the^lightning hits the hut again very soon the people will say: "That withdoctor1s medicines are not strong enough," and they try another witchdoctor whose medicines they hope may be stronger. The Europeans also have a way of keeping their houses safe from lightning. They use what are called lightning conductors. A lightning conductor is a long thick wire. One end of the wire is put deep into the earth. The other end is pointed and is put up above the house on the end of a stick. The Europeans say that when lightning comes it runs down this wire into the earth, so that it never damages the house or hurts the people in it. The people in Pondoland who see these lightning conductors on the houses of Europeans think they are only another sort of medicine, like the medicine of the withdoctofs. They think the medicine of the Europeans may be stronger than the medicine of the withdoctor, but it is medicine just the same. When they think this they make a big mistake. The medicines of the withdoctor, as far as we know, do not stop or change the lightning one little bit. When you pay a withdoctor to keep your hut^ safe from lightning you are just wasting your money. On the other hand, a lightning conductor does do what it is supposed to do. It does not stop the lightning, but it changes the lightning and leads it away Before it can do any damage. LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR OR WITHD0CT0R6< MEDICINE? The difference between trying to manage the lightning with a lightning conductor and trying to manage it with a withdoctor*s medicines is the difference between the scientific and the not-scientific i^ay of doing things. What do we mean by science, scientific and scientist? Science really menus knowledge, but it is knowledge got in a special sort of way, the scientific way. A scientist is a person who tries to get knowledge in this special way. Benjamin Franklin, the man who made the first lightning conductor about 200 years ago, was interested in what is called electricity. It was known for example that piece ^of wax or glass, if rubbed quickly on a piece of cloth, could be made to give off little flashes of light, Franklin believed that these little sparks were the same ^sort of thing as lightning. In other ctittrds lightning was a sort of electricity. He knew that electricity would move along a wire. So it seemed likely too that lightning could be made to move, down a wire into the earth. He was able to^show that this is so. During a thunderstorm he sent up a kite which had an iron point joined to the wet string. The lower end of the string he ties to a key and the key was joined by a piece of dry silk string to a tree. Whenever the key was touched flashes came off it. In this way he was able to show that electricity would run along a wet string and not along a dry one. _This was only one of many thousands of tests which were done by different people to find out about electricity. Today we knftw so much about electricity that we are bble to use it for lighting our houses and streets at night, for cooking our food, for making trains go, and for a hundred other different things, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist and his way of finding out things was the scientific way. From what has been said you will notice two things about scientets: /Firstly

9 * Firstly, they make tests to find out if their beliefs are right or notj secondly tfchat they do and what they find out are not secrets which only they can understand, but are common knowledge. Other men can do the same tests and find out the same truths. This is how scientific knowledge grows. When scientists do not agree about something they do not simply talk about it but think out tests which will show whether they are right or wrong. How different it is with witchdoctors. Every one has his own special medicines for this or that. He will not tell others how he made his medicines. Everything is kept secret. So it is very hard to say if his medicines are any good or not. Very often they are quite useless. 1. What is lightning? Are you afraid of it? 2. What is a lightning conductor and how does it work? 3. Exphin the terms science, scientific and scientist. 4. Do you believe in the scientific way of doing things?

10 The people who lived near the edge of the rain forest, in the- country along the banka of the Cavally River, often talked about an aninal of the: forest called the One Yo u Don't Sea Coning. They said that all day long he lurked anong the shadows of the great trees, waiting for night to fall. Then, when darkness cane, he. crept forward as: silent as. a leopard into the villages. "Our best hunters, have tried to capture- this aninal", they said. "7/e have set traps- on the trails and at the, water holes, but it is.no use he is; the stealthiest of all the creatures; of the forest. Each night he coonea prowling anong^ our houses. He isl never, heard and never seen. "What does this; aninal do that we: should be afraid of hin?" the youngs people asked. "The One You Donf,t see; Coning is; a thief," the older people said. "He steftls; everyone's, brains, and leases; then forgetful of everything until norp ing cones. One. ninute people are the way they are here now, talking back and forth. The nest, ninute the One You Don't Gee Coning creeps, upon then and steals, their ninda. They no longer talk or think, they sinply lie notionless and stupid until the sun rises-." 'T/hat goad are the. dogs, if they don"t hear'hi-; ^nd bark?" the children asked. "They neither hear hiu nor snell hin. T.7ehn he cones: he takes their brains, too. The One You Don't See Coning has. another nane. Sone. people call hin Sleep". The young hunters talked about this curious aninal anong thenselves, and one day a nan naned Biafu said: "What- kind of hunters are we if. w e canrtl kill the; One You Don't See Coning?" "That." easy enough to say," a hunter naned Gunde said. "Hut where will y ou find hin? Our grandfathers; w e r e good hunters and they never caught hin." "I've heard that he leaves: no footprints; on the trail," a hunter naned Deeba said. 'T/hat will you follow?" "If he really lives in the forest, as the old people say, then we"ll find hin. Tv7e"ll get rid of this nuisance o n c e and for alii"' Biafu said, "I"n not afraid,"' Gunde said. * "I'll go too," Deeba said. "V,re"ll catch this thing called Sleep, the One You Don't See Coning, and put an end to hin. Then the old people will praise us; and give us; gifts." So Gunde, Deeba, and Biafu took their hunting knives and spears, and went deep into the shadows of the forest. "They listened, but they didn't hear Sleep. They searched the ground for footprints, but Sleep had left no footprints^ All day they stalked Sleep. They cane to a part of the forest where the villagers hardly ever went. "He nust lurk here anong the tall ferns," Biafu said, "I don't see. hin" Deeba said, "I don't hear hin," Gunde said, "If. there really is such an aninal we shall certainly catch hin at the water hole," Biafu said.

11 a. Go they went down through the dense brush and the tall ferns, until they cane to where the river made, its- way through the jungle. The bants of the. river were narked with the footprints of the gazelle, the antelope, the buffalo, and the leopard. "We ll trait for hin here, and when he cones, to drink we shall kill inn," Biafu said. lie found a tall tree by the edge of the water. It sloped outward over the river, so that any aniaal that cane to drink would be under its branches. "Clinb the tree," Biafu said to Deeba. "When Sleep ccones to drink you can throw; yourself upon his. back and we will finish b i n." Deeba looked up and thought. "Maybe you had better d i n b the tree," he said to Biafu. "No, Gunde and I will stand below, and when w a hear you shout we will cone, running." Deeba shook his. head. So Biafu turned to Gunde and said? "Then you d i a b the tree and wait. When. Sleep cones to drink you can leap upon hin. When we hear yo u shout, Deeba and I will cone shinning." Gunde thought a nonent. He shook his head too. "No, I would rather stay on the ground and cone running ryself." Biafu becane angry. "What nighty hunters!' Afraid of an aninal you can't seal" "Just the sane, what if he likes: to clinb trees?" Deeba said. "Yes, what if he likes: to clinb this tree.?" Gunda said. "They argued and argued. Finally Biafu stanped h i s foot inpatiently. "All right, I ll d i n b the tree qysalf and wait. When you hear n e shout cone aw fast as. you can!" he said. He went up into the branches, of the tree overhanging the water and hid anong, the leaves. Gunde: and Deeba crawled into the dense- brush and waited. Tine passed. Antelope cane down to the waterrand drank and. wont GWpy. Night cane, and owls called back and forth. Leopards cane silently to drink, and went away. Biafu clung to his, tree and watched, his knife, held tightly - in his: hand. Gunde and Deeba crouched in the brush and waited for Biafu to shout. The nisty night g r e w old, and the noon noved across the sky, Biafu kept thinking about how pleased the old people would be when they had caught the One You Don't See Coning. But he was very tired. He began to nod. His eyes closed once, just for a short nonent. They cloaed again, just a little longer. Then he was. aware that his. nind w a s slipping away into the night. He jerked hinself awake, and his heart beat fast, for he knew: that the aninal was there. He waved his knife and shouted? "I see you! I see-you!" Deeba and Gunde ran as fast as they could to the edge of the water, "Where is he!" they shouted. "Whore is he!"

12 "Ah, he cane and then he fled!" Biafu said. place and wait." "Go back to your hiding Deeba and Gunde went bacl: and crouched in the brush again. Biafu sat up very straight, waiting for the One You Don't Gee Coning to return. He peered through the darkness at the river. He heard nothing except the owls and the frogs in the distance. The noon noved across, the sly. A great heaviness; caue over Biafu"s. nind. N a aatter how hard he tried to keep then open, his. eyes kept closing. For a nonent he forgot everything. H seoned to be floating away. The tree swayed in the wind. Biafu d u t c h e d at the branches: and opened his. eyes:. He waved his knife in the air and shouted s "I see; youl I seeiyou!" Again Deeba and Gunde cane running, with their spears ready. 'T/here is he! Uhere is he!" they shouted, trying to see in the darkness* "He is near, he cane up in the tre<&, Biafu said. "He. seised ne, but I shoo!: hin off!' Go bacl: and hide again. Next tine we. will surely get hin. But d o n t go so far, and run faster when y o u hoar no shout!"1 So Dooba and Gunde went back in the brush and waited. Biafu tallied to hinaelf and rubbed his. eyes to keep awake. Ho thought about the big celebration the village would have when ho returned fron the hunt. A cloud noved slowly across the sky and covorod the noon. Things; were very dark. There was no wind, and tho leaves, stopped ru&tling. The owls in the distance grow silent. The frogs, stopped croaking. And slowly, slowly, Biafu*s eyes closed. His nonory slipped away into the night. This tine Sleep crept slowly upon hin. Slowly, slowly Sleep loosened Biafu*s hold on the branches. Slowly Sleep pushed Biafu*s head down on his chest. Biafu*s knife slipped fron his. hand and fell into the water below. And slowly, slowly, Sleep pushed hin, harder and harder, until he was. leaning sideways. And suddenly Sleep seized Biafu and flung, hin down into the river below. "Deeba! Gunde! He has ne! He has.ne!" Biafu shouted. They cane running, ready for a great struggle, but they wore too late, they only saw Biafu. Sleep was not there. "".There is hoi the water. '.There is. he!" they shouted as Biafu cane dripping out of "He cdinbed into the tree, and he threw ne into the water!" Biafu said. He sat down unhappily by the edge of the river and began to think. He was: silent a long tine, and then he said to Deeba and G u n d e% "Its no use hunting Sleep. The old people are right. And anyway, he*a not like the leopard, who steals our goats and doesn't bring then back. Y/hat. Sleep steals he steals; ju3t for a few hours, and when norning cones, you are whole agaim." So the hunters took their weapons and hunted an antelope, and they carried it back to the village for a feast. The old people were glad, but they asked about Sleep. '.That was the nane of the aninal the people thought lived in the forest? (The One Y o u Don't S e a Coning, or Sleep.) '.That did they say he was. like? T.That did he do? (He was. stealthy. He. nade no noise and left no trail. He stole your nind in the night.) "That aninals where there in the forest? (Antelopes, leopards, gazelles.).that creatures did Biafu hear? (Owls, and frogs./ Tell us how: Biafu, Deeba and Gunde tried to hunt Sleep.

13 Long, long ago there lived a great chief who had a pretty little daughter. One day he gave her a golden ball. The child liked playing with her ball beside the river. She would throw it up and catch it again as it fell. One morning early she took her ball and went to the river. As she went she threw it up, then she caught it as it fell. She did this again and again. At last she reached the river but when she threw the ball up, it fell into the water before she could catch it. She tried and tried and tried' to get it out, but the water was deep and soon her pretty silk dress was full of mud. The water carried the ball away. The princess sat down beside the river and cried loudly. She heard a rough voice at her feet and looking down she saw a great, tig, ugly, gre&n frog. It said, "Why are you crying, princess?" The little girl said, "I threw my little golden bail up and, before I could catch it, it fell into the water. I tried to get it out but the water was too deep and now my clean dress is full of mud» I do not know what to do. My father will be angry if I do not bring back the ball." "What will you give me if I jump into the water and fetch it for you?" asked the frog. "Please fetch it for me," said the princess. "I shall give you anything you want." "tfill you take me home with you?" asked the frog. "Will you let me sit beside you? Will you let me eat from your plate and drink from your cup? Will you let me sleep on your pretty soft bed to-night?" The child wanted her ball, so she said, "Yes, yes. Please fetch my ball and I shall take you home with me. I shall let you eat from my plate and drink from my cup and sleep on my bed to-night." The frog jumped into the water and soon came back again. In its mouth was the pretty little golden ball which it laid at the feet of the princess. She picked it up quickly and without saying thank you to the frog, she ran off. In its rough voice the frog said, "Do not run so quickly, princess. I want to go home with you." But the girl ran home as fast as her legs could carry her. Behind her she heard the frog come jumping along. Flip-flop, flip-flop, went the great, big, ugly, green frog. That night when the chicf and his daughter sat at table having their supper, there came a loud knock at the door. The chief said to his servant, "See who is at the door." When the man came back, he said, "A great, big, ugly, green frog is at the door. It wants the princess." The child said, "Send it away. I do not like frogs and I do not want to see it." The servant went out. When he came into the room again, he said to the chief, "The frog will not go away. It says the princess promised to let it sit at the table beside her. She promised to let it drink from her cup and eat from her plate and sleep on her soft bod to-night." The chief said, "My child, why did you make this promise?" The princess cried. She said, "This morning I was playing at the river and my ball fell into the water. I could not get it out, but the frog said it would fetch the ball if I let it drink from my cup and eat from my plate and sleep on my bed. I promised and it fetched my ball." Her father said, "A chief's daughter must always keep her promise." He told the servant to open the door and let the frog in. Flip-flop, flip-flop, flip-flop went the frog. It jumped into the chair beside the child, who did not look at it but went on eating. "Princess," said the frog in its rough voice, "put your plate near me. I cannot reach it from here." The girl put the plate in front of the frog. She was hungry but she could not eat any more supper. She picked up her cup, and drank some milk. "Princess," said the frog, "put your cup near me. I cannot reach it." The child put the cup in front of the frog. She was thirsty but she did not drink any more milk. '//hen supper was finished, she got off her chair and quickly ran to the door. Her father said, "Come back, my child, A chief's daughter must keep her promise. You 2/...

14 - 2 - promised to let the frog sleep on your bed. Take it to your room." The princess walked slowly from the room and behind her went the ugly, green frog, flip-flop, flipflop, flip-flop. The girl was very angry. She took off her clothes and threw them on the floor. Then she jumped iftto her bed. The frog said, "Princess, I cannot jump on to your bed. It is too high. Please pick me up." She did not answer but tried and tried and tried to go to sleep. She could not sleep. At last she thought, "A chief's daughter must always keep her promise," and jumping up quickly, she picked up the frog and put it on the bed. Suddenly there was no frog in the room. On the bed sat a tall young man. The girl asked, "Who are you? Where did you come from?" He said, "I am a Prince. I am the son of the great Chief who lives on the other side of the hills, a wicked witch was angry with me and one day she changed me into a great, big, ugly, green frog. She said that if a beautiful princess would let me eat from her plate and drink from her cup and sleep on her bed, then I should be a man again. You are a very beautiful princess. You let me eat from your plate, and drink from your cup and sleep on your bed. Now I am not a groat, ugly, green frog but a tall young man again. Thank you, princess, for keeping your promise." The tall young prince married the beautiful princess and took her to his home on the other side of the high hills. They were very happy. Many people do not like frogs but that is because thov do not know anything about them. Sometimes at the side of a pool of water where grass is growing, you will see thousands of frogs eggs. There are many of them together and they were all laid by one mother frog. When you are at the river and find some frog's eggs, look at them. You will see that each egg is round and is covered with a soft jelly. It has a very small black spot in it. This spot grows longer and soon a little black tadpole comes out of the egg. It has many little brothers and sisters arid they all swim about in the pool. They grow very quickly and as they grow their heads get bigger and their tails get longer. They can swim like a fish. Like a fish too, a tadpole can breathe under the water and it finds its food in the mud and water. In about two months' time, changcs take place in the tadpole. One day when you a re at the pool, you will see that some tadpoles have two legs and are sitting on the grass. They do not breathe under the water now but stick their little heads out when they want to breathe. In a few days the tail gets shorter and shorter and at last there is no tail at all. Two little arms grow and one day sitting at the side of a pool there will be many little frogs. The frog has a soft smooth skin which has spots on it. It has beautiful eyes and a very big mouth. In it is a long tongue which the frog can stick out very quickly when it wants to catch a fly. On each hand it has four fingers and on each foot five toes, like the toes of a duck. Frogs do not like the cold. In winter they hide themselves in the mud in pools. When the water dries up, the mud dries too and the frog cannot get out. It sleeps and sleeps and sleeps. Jould you like to sleep all through the cold winter, kept warm by a little mud blanket? If/hen the rain falls, it makes the mud soft again. The frog wakes up and jumps out of its winter bed. It croaks and croaks and croaks because it is so happy that the rain has come. The mother frogs lay their eggs on plants in the pools and in two months' time, when you go to the pool, you will see many little tadpoles swimming about. We must not be cruel to frogs for they are our friends and help us. ^hey eat up the flies that put their dirty legs on our food and make us ill.

15 Father Lion was very hungry. He had hunted all night before he killed an animal. Then he ate the meat and in the morning he was so tired that he lay down to sleep under a big green tree, A little mouse had her nest in the long grass near by and, when the lion was sleeping, she climbed up his tail which was lying on the ground and ran all over him. She ran over the mane on his neck and when she reached his nose, the lion woke up. He was very angry and put his big strong paw on the mouse. He said, "Can you not let me sleep? I have hunted all night and now I am tired." The poor little mouse was afraid and in a soft little voice said, "Please, Father Lion, do not kill me. tfho will look after my six little baby mice? They are too small to find food for themselves. If you let me go, I shall help you one day." The great lion laughed loudly and said, "Do you think a very little mouse can help a great big lion like me?" But he picked 'up his paw and the little mouse ran quickly away to her nest. The lion lay down to sleep once more. Some months after this, the little mouse was in her nest feeding her babies, when she heard a loud roar. She said, "That is the voice of my big friend, the lion. I must go and help him." Off she ran as quickly as her legs could carry her into the forest and found the big lion caught in a strong rope trap. He pulled and pulled and pulled, but he could not break the rope. He was angry and afraid, so he roared loudly. "Do not be afraid," said a little voice at his feet. "I shall quickly get you out of this cruel trap." The mouse bit and bit and bit. Soon she bit through the strong rope with her sharp little teeth and let the lion out of the trap. "Thank you, little friend," said he, "I shall never laugh at you again. I shall never say again that a very little mouse like you cannot help a great big lion like me." The little mouse was very happy and ran away to her nost to look after her six little baby mice. Long ago there were lions all over Africa but for many years men have hunted them and now we do not find them in the big forests near our homes. A lion looks like a very, very big cat. It has a face like the face of a cat but you could not play with it as you play with your cat; for it is a very cruel animal and would kill you. It is about three feet high and seven feet long from nose to tail. It is not as big as an ox but it is so strong that it can easily kill an ox. The other animals in the forest are afraid of the lion and men call it the Chief of the Animals. The father lion has long hair on his neck and head but the mother lion has short hair on her head and neck. The lion is the colour of dry grass and when it is walking in the long dry grass you cannot see it easily. It does not like walking about in the day, but hunts at night when you are sleeping in your little bed. At night, when it is dark, the thirsty forest animals go down to the rivers to drink. The hungry lion knows this and does its hunting then. Like the little mouse, it can see in the dark and when it finds an animal, it creeps after it as softly as a cat. The poor thing does not hear the cruel lion, which suddenly gives a great roar and jumps on it. With its great strong teeth it bites into the neck and kills it. Then the lion has a groat feast. In the morning when the sun comes up, the lion creeps away to its home and sleeps through the day.

16 Sometimes at night when it is dark and you are in bed, you will hear something scratch, scratch, scratching at the cupboard. What is making that noise? It is a little mouse that is so small that you could hold it in your hand. What was it doing when you heard it scratching? With its sharp little teeth it was trying to bite a hole through the hard wood to get some bread that it had smelt with its soft little nose. Boys sometimes hunt mice when they are looking after cattle on the veld. Have you ever caught one and looked at it? It is soft and smooth and is covered with grey fur as soft and as smooth as the fur of a cat. In winter mice are not cold, for their little coats keep them warm, Would you like to have a little fur coat to keep you warm on cold winter mornings? Sometimes a little mouse runs over the floor, but you cannot hear it for its little feet are very like the feet of a cat, but these soft little feet have strong sharp claws with which the mouse scratches a hole in the ground. With its sharp teeth it bites holes in our clothes. It takes little pieces of cloth and paper into its hole, and makes a soft nest for its young ones. Some mice do not live in our houses. They live in the long grass on the veld so they are called field mice.< They make their nests of soft grass. Sometimes mice make holes in bags and eat, eat, eat the mealies. Your father gets very angry and puts his cat into the room in which he has his mealies. Cats like catching mice and when a mouse with its sharp little ears, hears a cat coming, it is afraid and quickly runs away into its hole in the ground.

17 TEE WORLD OF KNOWLEDGE. GROUP II ft III. 1» Name any 2 things that arc made of stool. (Knives, pipes, railway linos^ 2, Why wore steel works not established near Thabazimbi (Climate was unsuitable and there is no coal which is needed for smelting 3o Where are the steel works (ISCOR) 4. From whore does coal that is needed for Iscor como? (Witfbank) 5, What is pure iron called? (Cast Iron) 6 What is galvanised iron dipped in to prevent it from rusting? (melted zinc) 7. From wha t is glass made? (fine, white sand) 8. What does it mean to transplant? (To take a plant out of the ground and plant it in another place) 9. Whore does tobacco grow? (Rustenberg) 10, What is an Orchard? (A garden of fruit) llo What is an urban area? (an area where there are many houses) 12, What is a rural area? (countryside with farms) 13(, Where are the Union Buildings (Pretoria) 14. What aro the Union Buildings used for? (Government offices) 15. What is a petition? (A request by many people to those in authority). GROUPS II & III. IITOBEASE YOUR WORD POWER. 1, What is an island? (a small piece of land completely surrounded by sea) 2P What is a Peninsular (a small piece of land alsmost surrounded by soa) 3, What is a novel? (A story that is not necessarily true) 4, What is a folk story? (A story5told by a mother to her children, which she in turn heard from her own mother). 5, What is a grove? (A group of trees, but smaller than a forest). 5? What are the special shoos called that ono wears at bod time? (Slippers) 7. What is a mechanic? (A person who fixes cars) 8* What is a boulder? (A big rock) 9. Who was Caesar? (A great Roman leader) 10 Who was Homer? (A blind Groek story teller).

18 GROUP I. 1, What is the name of the big animal with a long trunk (Elephant) 2, What is a Hippopotamus? (A very M g animal that lives on "both land and sea) 3, What is a Jackall? (An animal that looks like a dog and eats chickens, sheet etc.) 4, What is a hare? (Wild animal that looks like a rabbit.) 5, What is the animal that goes very slowly and carries a shell on its hack? (tortoise) 6, Hame any fish (trout, cod, shark) 7, 1'Tame any bird you know (Hawk, eaglo) 8, What is the bird that eats dead animals? (Vulture) 9, Where do vultures build their nests? (cliffs and trees) 10. Where does a mole live? (Under the ground). GROUP II & III. 1. What is a scorpion? (Something like a worm but with legs out to the side, a very sore bite) 2. What is the name of the Lizard that can grow a new tail whoa the old one breaks (gecko), 3. Where are poisonous lizards found? (in America) 4. How many legs has an insect (6) 5. Why is a spider not an insect? (l. He has eight legs, 2. Ho has no wings 3C Body divided into 2 instead of 3 like insects.) 5E0UP II A III. THE LAFD AITO THE SEA. SHE WORLD ABCimro TTS. 1, What is the name of the ocean to the East? Indian.) 2, What is the name of the ocean to the West? (Atlantic) 3, Uamo two other oceans. (Pacificr Aicbic) 4, Where is Table Bay? (round Capo Town,) 5, Give the name of any other continent besides Africa (America, Asia, Europe) 6, ETame the big Sea Ports in South Africa, (Durban, East London, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth) 7, Which two provinces are by tho soa? (Natal and Cape) 8, What is the province of South Africa that is high and bare? (Transvaal) 9, What is tho longest mountain range in South Africa? (Drakensburg) 10, Whore is Bulawayo? (Southern Rhodesia)

19 BUSHMAN STORIES The Jackal and the Porcupine The Jackal and the Porcupine looked after their master's hut. The Jackal was very lazy, but the Porcupine worked hard and well. However, at dinner-time, when he saw the master coming home, the Jackal would run to the water-pot and throw water over himself, so that it looked as.if he was sweating from hard work. The master, seeing this, gave him more and better food than he gave the Porcupine, for he said, "You, Jackal, who work so hard and serve me so well, you shall have your reward". But one day the master came home much earlier than usual. He found the Porcupine. hard at work, and the Jackal fast asleep. The master, waking the Jackal, said, "Aha, I have found you out! You sleep whilst the Porcupine works for the two of you. Yet you pretend to be sweating when I come home, and rob the Porcupine of his reward". The master gave the Jackal a beating and drove him away. The Elephant and Rain The Elephant spoke to Rain, He said, "If I tear out all the trees and destroy the greenness of the earth, what would you do?" Rain said to the Elephant, "If I kept back my water, so that all green things withered and died, what would you do?" And they parted. The Elephant, trumpeting loudly, tore out the trees, to destroy the greenness of the earth. Rain quietly held back his water, so that the earth withered and died. Water vanished from the face of the earth. Then the Elephant sent the Khoraan to Rain, saying, "You have wings to fly. Fly to the place of Rain. Tell him I have sinned and I am sorry for my sin. I am dying of thirst. Beg him to give me a little water". Then Rain listened to the Khoraan, and the clouds gathered over the water-hole where the Elephant lay; and the clouds broke, and the hole became filled with water. The Elephant rose and drank his fill. Then he called the Tortoise and said to him, "Stay by my water and guard it well, that no other may drink of it". And the Elephant went away. Then came the panting lion, and said to the Tortoise, "The earth burns, I thirst. Let me drink". But the Tortoise said, "Alas, my lord, it is the Elephant's water. I dare not let you drink of it". The Lion said, "Stand aside; I will drink". And he drank, and all thirsting animals came to the water and drank. And the Elephant, returning and finding the water-hole dry, was mightily angry; and he said to the Tortoise, "Fool, where is my water?" The Tortoise answered, "My lord, you know I am only a small creature. The animals came and pushed me aside and drank all the water". The Elephant said, "Surely you shall die! Now, how shall I kill you? Shall I crush you beneath my feet?" But the Tortoise said quickly, "No, my lord, not that. I am a thing to be swallowed. Swallow me rather". And the Elephant swallowed him. Then the Tortoise, thus swallov«ed, hurt the Elephant inside, till at last he said, "My friend, I have sinned. How I have wronged you! Please come out, and I will give you a reward". But the Tortoise did not listen. He hurt the Elephant inside till the Elephant died, and then the Tortoise came out of his mouth, and all the animals were glad that the trumpeting tyrant was dead. The Lion and the Jackal The Jackal, out hunting, arrived at the Lion's house. Seeing the Lion's wife there, he spoke to her, saying, "Good lady, where is your husband?" She replied, "Why do you

20 - 2 - ask? My husband is a great man, not to be spoken of by such as you". But the Jackal said to her, "Softly, proud lady; your husband is my servant". And the Jackal went away. Soon tha Lion returned to his house. His wife told him what the Jackal had said, and laughed at him. The Lion, surprised and angry, asked, "Where is the Jackal now?" She replied, "Oh, I suppose he is in the bush close by awaiting your return, for I think he needs your service". The Lion said, "I will show you something today, dear wife, that will stop your foolish words!" The Lion went out to look for the Jackal, and he found him asleep in the bush. He woke the Jackal roughly, and said, "Jackal, you told my wife you' wanted to see me. Then follow me to my house". The Jackal replied, "Ah, it is the voice of my lord Lion. Alas, good friend, I am blind, and being blind, I came to your house by mistake. I cannot see, and therefore I cannot follow you". The Lion said, "Then I will carry you". And the Lion took the Jackal on his back to carry him to his house. Now the Jackal had hidden some bees and hornets on him. And as they approached the Lion's house he set free the bees and hornets, so that they attacked the Lion. The Lion, reaching his house, ran before his wife in great pain, being stung. The Jackal, mounted on his back, beat him and called out, "Faster, faster! Do as I order you, my servant!" And as they went past, he called out to the Lion's wife, "Ah, proud lady, so your husband is a great man,- not to be spoken of by such as I! Nevertheless, he is my servant, even as I told you. See how I ride him and beat him!" Feeling very ashamed, she turned away. 4. The Baboon and the Zebra The Baboon came down to the plains to the water to live by the water, for he said he was lord of the water. A Zebra on a burning day came to the water to quench his thirst. But the Baboon refused to give him water, saying, "This water is mine". But the Zebra ran around the water and down to the water's edge and drank. Then the Baboon arose and said, "Now I will punish you". They began to fight, there where the Baboon's fire was burning. And as the battle became fierce, the Baboon pushed the Zebra into his fire; and the Zebra, arising with the new strength of pain, caught hold of the Baboon and threw the Baboon to the hill-top, saying, "There remain, there amongst the rocks where you were born". Now the Baboon, falling amongst the rocks of the hill-top, has to this day that sore, bare place where he fell on the hard rocks. And the Zebra still carries his burnt stripes from the fire. From that day of the great fight, the Baboon lives amongst the rocks of the hill-top, and the Zebra lives in the plains.