APPENDIXE-I DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF UNICORN

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1 APPENDIXE-I DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF UNICORN Horns:- Single, long and spirally curved; sometimes smooth and sometimes horizontally ridged. The form of the horn is typical in Bos primigenius and Bos namadicus, but many illustrations show that Bos primigenius in the middle East had only moderately long horns (for example those hunted by king Ashurnasipal at Nimrud (Fig. 21.1). The unicorn s horn is too long for primigenius. Ears:- Only one is shown, sticking up very prominently behind the horn. It is more prominent than one would expect for primigenius, though similar ears do appear in Middle Eastern representations of cattle. It looks closer to that of a hartebeest, a nilgai or an antelope. It could be an intentional exaggeration for contrast with the drooping ear of the zebu. Head:- The absence of a prominent interconual ridge has been mentioned. The eye is very large and the supra orbital brow ridge over-emphasized for Bos, but this is a common convention in pictures of cattle. The horizontal carriage of the head is odd and more like that of a camel than any Bos species, but could perhaps be explained by the fact that the unicorn's head is always raised over the so-called incense burner. Neck:- This is a long and curved and not all ox-like, being much more similar to that of a black buck or a nilgai of the rock painted and rock-bruised, 285

2 humped cattle of Neolithic date at Piklihal in Mysore (illustrated by Allchin, F.R. 1963, Cattle and Economy in Neolithic South India, A.E. Mourant and F.E. Zeuner (eds), Man and Cattle, 151, London: RAI also have long neck, and this is a quite a common convention in cattle illustrations, though it is not often as extreme as in the unicorn. There is often banding on the necks which resemble the wrinkles in the neck and dewlap of Bos indicus. Perhaps the seal-makers felt that no bull was complete without them. Withers:- There is no indication of any sort of hump on the withers. All depictions of non-humped bulls have heavy muscular shoulders, but they are much more like those of the antelope. However, they many have been drawn flat in order to contrast with the hump of the zebu. Hindquarters:- Sometimes, the profile below the insertion of the tail is curiously curved, looking more like that of a zebu than of a primigenius bull. Legs:- Legs are ox-like and in some cases their broadness contrast with the slenderness of the zebu s legs, but they have a curious pointed, weightless appearance, as though the animal was not standing on the ground, which is unlike the heavy, four-square stance of the zebus on the seals. Decoration:- There is a usually a complicated, roughly heart shaped decoration reaching form the withers to the top of the front legs. 286

3 Sl. No. APPENDIXE-II The Excavated Harappan Sites in Gujarat Site Name District Size in Hectare North south East-West 1. AMRA JAMNAGAR ATKOT RAJKOT BABARKOT BHAVNAGAR DESALPUR KUTCH DHOLAVIRA KUTCH DWARIKA JAMNAGAR JOKHA SURAT KANEWAL KHEDA KANEWAL, SAITIMBO KHEDA KUNTASI RAJKOT LAKHABAWAL JAMNAGAR LOTHAL AHEMDABAD MALVAN SURAT MEHGAM BROACH MOTIDHARAI BHAVNAGAR NAGAL BROACH NAGESWAR JAMNAGAR NAGWADAONE SURENDRANAGAR PUBUMATH KUTCH PADRI BHAVNAGAR PITHADIA RAJKOT PANGOUR SURENDRANAGAR RATANPUPAONE MEHSANA ROJDI RAJKOT SHIKARPUR KUTCH SURKOTADA KUTCH TARAGHADA RAJKOT VAGAD AHEMDABAD VALABHI BHAVNAGAR WARTHAN SURAT

4 APPENDIXE-III The Excavated Harappan sites in Haryana Sl. No. Name of Site District Size in Hectare North East 1 Balu Jind Banawali Fatehabad Bhirrana Fatehabad Burj I Fatehabad Badli I Jhajjar Bhagwan pura Kurukshetra Farmana Rohtak Kunal Hisar Madina III Rohtak Manhairu Bhiwani Mitathal Bhiwani Masudpur Hisar Rakhigarhi Hisar Siswal Bhiwani

5 APPENDIXE-IV HARAPPAN COPLEX IN PUNJAB 1. Kotla Nihang Ropar Lat N Long E 2. Dher Majra Ropar Lat N Long E 3. Bara Ropar Lat N Long E 4. Ropar Ropar Lat N Long E 5. Sanghol Fategarh Sahib 6. Chandigarh (U.T) 17 sector C Chandigarh 7. Rohira Sangrur 8. Dalehawan Mansa 9. Burj Patiala 10. Sunet Ludhiana Lat N Long E Lat N Long E 260X100 mts. 105X90 mts. 540X300 mts. 33 hectors 11. Moharana Sangrur 289

6 APPENDIXE-V The skeletal system of a cow. 290

7 APPENDIXE-VI The skeletal system of a horse. 291

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