3rd Grade PSI. Inheritance of Traits. Traits. Slide 3 / 48. Slide 4 / 48. Slide 5 / 48. Slide 6 / 48. Genetic Traits. What is a trait?

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1 Slide 1 / 48 Slide 2 / 48 3rd Grade PSI Inheritance of Traits Slide 3 / 48 Slide 4 / 48 Table of ontents: Inheritance of Traits lick on the topic to go to that section Traits Traits Inheritance of Traits Variation of Traits Environmental Effects on Traits Summary Return to Table of ontents Slide 5 / 48 What is a trait? Slide 6 / 48 Genetic Traits The lion has many traits. A trait is a characteristic of a living organism. an you name 5 traits of the lion? You probably said things like:...he has a thick mane...he has two eyes...his chin has white hair...his mane is brown and gray These are traits he got from his parents. We call them Genetic Traits.

2 Slide 7 / 48 Slide 8 / 48 Genetic Traits an you compare the traits of these dogs? How many traits can you name about this dog? They have many traits in common, because they are all dogs. Do you think these dogs have the same parents? Why? Slide 9 / 48 Slide 10 / 48 1 Which of the following would be a trait of this animal? Instincts A long whiskers Instincts are traits that are passed to offspring. This puppy is very young, but it has an instinct to howl. An instinct is a useful behavior. B curly fur mammal D pink eyes lick on the image to listen to the puppy. What else do you notice the puppy doing when he is howling? Slide 10 () / 48 2 an an instinct be a trait? B curly fur mammal A long whiskers A D pink eyes 1 Which of the following would be a trait of this animal? Slide 11 / 48

3 Slide 11 () / 48 2 an an instinct be a trait? Slide 12 / 48 3 An instinct is behavior. A a useful YES B not a useful Slide 12 () / 48 3 An instinct is behavior. A a useful 4 A raccoon washing his food before he eats it is an example of. A B an instinct both a trait and an instinct Slide 13 () / 48 4 A raccoon washing his food before he eats it is an example of. B an instinct A a trait both a trait and an instinct Slide 14 / 48 Mustard Seed Lab Later in this unit, you will learn about how the environment can affect organisms. Right now, you will setup an experiment with mustard seeds that will study this concept. You will continue to observe your mustard seeds throughout the unit. A a trait B not a useful Slide 13 / 48

4 Slide 15 / 48 Slide 16 / 48 Offspring Living things reproduce and create offspring that are similar to themselves. Inheritance of Traits Although there aremany similarities, there may also be some differences. Do you know why? Return to Table of ontents Slide 17 / 48 Slide 18 / 48 Offspring are similar to their parents. Traits are passed from parents to offspring an you match the parent to the offspring?below are pictures of adult cows (top) and baby calves (bottom). an YOU find each matching calf and mother or father? Look for details!! It is possible to look at traits and determine which baby belongs to which parent, because they have similar traits. Let s look at a drawing of a cow to determine the important traits. For example, the size of the ears varies between types of cows. What are other characteristics do you think are important to look at? Draw a line from the parent to the offspring. Slide 19 / 48 Slide 19 () / 48 B D A A 5 Find the offspring of this mother dog. 5 Find the offspring of this mother dog. B D

5 Slide 20 / 48 Slide 20 () / 48 A It has a long neck. 6 Which is not a direct trait passed on from this bird's parents? B It has feathers. A It has a long neck. B It has feathers. 6 Which is not a direct trait passed on from this bird's parents? It has long thin legs. It has long thin legs. D It is 3 years old. D It is 3 years old. Slide 21 / 48 D Slide 21 () / 48 7 an a whale only have whale offspring? 7 an a whale only have whale offspring? Slide 22 / 48 Slide 23 / 48 Are all offspring from the same parents exactly alike? Variation of Traits Return to Table of ontents Look closely at these ducklings. They have the sameparents. There are small differences between each duckling. an you name some differences?

6 Slide 24 / 48 Slide 25 / 48 Reasons For Variation Variations Some variation is because traits have many possibilities.this is called a "range of traits." These flowers are Petunias. There are many possible colors of Petunias. We call these differences variations. What flower colors do you see? These puppies have the same parents, yet there is a lot of variation between these puppies. an you describe the variations? Slide 26 / 48 Slide 27 / 48 There is a large range of human hair color. Of course, only the natural colors are genetic traits. 8 Which is NOT an example of a variation of traits? A A different shade of brown fur B Tall, medium and short plants chosing to study hard an you point out the hair color that is not genetic? Human Hair olor D purple and pink flowers on the same plant Slide 27 () / 48 9 Offspring are usually one another. A exactly alike B Tall, medium and short plants B completely different from A A different shade of brown fur chosing to study hard D purple and pink flowers on the same plant similar to 8 Which is NOT an example of a variation of traits? Slide 28 / 48

7 Slide 28 () / 48 9 Offspring are usually one another. A exactly alike 10 In the diagram of human skin color, there are 36 possible colors shown. Does skin color have variation? B completely different from similar to Slide 29 / 48 Slide 29 () / In the diagram of human skin color, there are 36 possible colors shown. Does skin color have variation? Variations of Traits Lab: Teacher Page Obj: Students will determine the offspring of a set group of parents. Slide 30 / 48 Materials: What Kind of Slythy Toveactivity sheet 1. Give students a copy of thewhat Kind of Slythy Toveactivity sheet. Slide 31 / Guide the students in following the directions on the lab sheet. Slide 32 / 48 Environmental Effects on Traits Lab: Teacher Page Obj: Students will observe environmental effects on a living organism's traits. Environmental Effects on Traits Materials: Environmental Effect on the Growth of Mustard Seeds directions 1. Guide the students in following the directions starting at Step 5. Return to Table of ontents

8 Slide 33 / 48 The Environment auses Variation Often the environment an organism lives in limits how well it can develop. Slide 34 / 48 The Environment auses Variation This tree lives in a windy environment. The normal trait would be for the tree to grow straight up. an you tell which way the wind blows? The seeds of this tree will not be affected. The trees which grow from them will grow up straight. Grasses do not grow too close to the ocean because the salt water kills most of them. Only the most hardy grasses can grow near the sea. Slide 34 () / 48 The Environment auses Variation This tree lives in a windy environment. The normal trait would be for the tree to grow straight up. an you tell which way the wind blows? The seeds of this tree will not be affected. The trees which grow from them will grow up straight. Salt is a poison for most plants. Near the ocean, salt is a "limiting factor." Slide 35 / 48 More Environmental Effects... These deer are both White-tail Deer. The deer on the left lives in Florida. The one on the right lives in the mountains. Why do you think the hot climate deer are smaller? The wind blows from the right side of the page. Slide 36 / 48 Environmental Selection These deer weigh 25 to 34 kg (55 75 lb) and stand about 76 cm (30 in) tall at the shoulder. These deer weigh 60 to 130 kg (130 to 290 lb) and stand about 120 cm (47 in) tall at the shoulder. Slide 37 / 48 Environmental Selection The environment these deer live in affects their traits. The Florida deer must lose heat, so they tend to grow small. If Florida deer grew too large, they would overheat. The mountain deer need a larger body mass in the winter to stay warm. If they were too small they would not survive winter storms. Deer do not make a nest or home. They bed down in the forest and wait for the storm to pass. Size is a genetic trait. All the Florida White-tail Deer are small, and all the mountain White-tail Deer are large. In this case, the environment has affected the genetic traits of the deer. This is environmental selection. Temperature limits the size range of the deer in different climates.

9 Slide 38 / 48 Slide 39 / 48 More Environmental Effects - Malnutrition This horse, chick and person suffer from malnutrition.malnutrition is not having the correct nutrients, or enough food energy (calories) to allow proper growth. The traits their parents gave them can not be fully expressed. With proper nutrition, they can often heal fully. More Environmental Effects Lack of Water The hill in this pictureis not far away. The soil is very poor and does not hold enough water for the trees to grow fully. They are the same kind of trees as the ones in front, but their growth is stunted. Slide 40 / 48 Some substances in the environment affect your traits as well, sometimes permanently. Lead is a poison if it is swallowed. All the places in this picture are affected. 11 Does the best growth always happen in a healthy environment? Environmental Effects Harmful Substances Slide 41 / 48 The brain is affected the most by lead. People lose the ability to think clearly. Even if the person has the trait to be smart, the lead limits them. Slide 41 () / Does the best growth always happen in a healthy environment? Slide 42 / The environmental factor that affected the growth of this tree was. B too little water poison D heat A wind

10 Slide 42 () / The environmental factor that affected the growth of this tree was. B too little water poison 13 These children suffer from malnutrition. That means they do not get enough. A fresh air A wind Slide 43 / 48 B food A sunshine D heat D water Slide 43 () / These children suffer from malnutrition. That means they do not get enough. B food sunshine Virtual Field Lab How are traits influenced by the environment? A fresh air Slide 44 / 48 Is this something that can be studied and observed? B D water Slide 45 / 48 Slide 46 / 48 Putting it all together Living things reproduce to create. Offspring have that they inherit from their Summary parents. These are traits. A genetic trait is a characteristic such as fur color, instinct, and if the organism is a male or a female. Return to Table of ontents

11 Slide 47 / 48 Putting it all together Differences in genetic traits are called. Some variations are common, and part of what makes individuals unique. These are in the range of traits. The can cause variations too. The environment can limit the expression of some traits. Some of these effects, like wind, will not be passed on to the offspring. Some of these, like deer size, are passed to the offspring. Slide 48 / 48