Poultry Science and Practice

Transcription

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2 Poultry Science and Practice A Textbook as Per Revised VCl Syllabus for Veterinary Students Nilotpal Ghosh BVSc & AH. MVSc (APM). PhD, FNAPM Associate Professor and Head Department of Animal Science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India CBS CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd New Delhi Bengaluru Chennai Kochi Mumbai Pune Hyderabad Kolkata Nagpur Patna Vijayawada

3 Disclaimer Science and technology are constantly changing fields. New research and experience broaden the scope of Information and knowledge. The author has tried his best in giving Information available to him while preparing the material for this book Although, all efforts have been made to ensure optimum accuracy of the material, yet it is quite possible some errors might have been left uncorrected The publisher, the printer and the author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or Inaccuracies. P oultry Science an d Practice A Textbook ISBN: C opyright Author an d Publisher First Edition: 20 )5 A!' rights reserved. No part o t this b o o k m ay be re p ro d u ce d or transm itted In a n y form or by any means, electronic or m e chanical, including ph o to co p yin g, recording, or a n y inform ation storage and retrieval system w ithout permission, in writing, from the author and the publisher. Published by Satish Kumar Jain a n d p ro d u c e d by Vbrun Jain for CBS Publishers & Distributor* Pvt Ltd 4819/XI Prahlad Street. 24 Ansari Road. Daryaganj, New Delhi , India Ph , , Fax: Website www cbspd com e -m ail: deihi@ccspd.com. cbspubssairtelmail in. Corporate Office: 204 FIE. Industrial Area, Patparganj, Delhi Ph: Fa*: pub!ishlng@cbspd com. publicity@cbspd com Branches Bengaluru: Seema House 2975, 17th Cross. K.R. Road. Banasankari 2nd Stage, Bengaluru , Karnataka PM <? /70 Fax e -m a il b o n g a io cbspd c a m Chennai: 20. West Park Road, Shenoy Nagar, C hennai Tamil Nadu Pn * Fa* cr>ennat@cbsfxlcom Kochi: 36/14 Kalluvilakam. Lissie Hospital Road. Kochi Kerala Pn Fax e mail wochiocdspd com Mumbai: 83-C, Dr E Moses Road, Worli, Mumbai , Mahorashtra Ph /41 Fa* mumbai cbspd.com Pune: Bhuruk Prestige. Sr No. 52/12/2+1+3/2 Narhe. Haveli (Near Katraj-Dehu Road Bypass). Pune , Maharashtra Pn / Fa* e ma* pone«cbjpd com Representatives Hyderabad Kolkalo , Nagpur Patna Vijayaw ada Printed at : Swastik Packagings, 506 F.l E. P atparganj. Delhi -92

4 to Prof DN Maitra my esteemed teacher Aporna my wife Archisman my son

5 Foreword The poultry production in our country has w itnessed significant progress over the years prim arily due to research and developm ent thrust of governm ent and organised private sectors. Com pared to the other livestock sectors, poultry p ro d u ctio n in India is m ore scie n tific, b etter o rg an ised and co n tin u o u sly p ro g re ssin g to w ard s m o d ern isa tio n. A t p re sen t India ran k s third in egg production in the w orld after China and the USA, w ith the total annual egg production of about billion and fifth in broiler production with 2.47 million tonnes of broiler meat. Currently, it is grow ing at the rate of 6 percent per annum in egg production and 12 percent per annum in broiler production. Here poultry production has em erged as an industry, and this sector of livestock industry is already em ploying in excess of 7 m illion persons in various activities and can generate a huge num ber of new jobs per year with the present grow th rate. This sector alone contributes about 0.5 percent of the India's GDP and 10 percent of the livestock G D P, and it is becom ing a significant contributor to the Indian econom y. It may be m entioned here that China is the num ber 1 country in the world so far in egg and chicken production. However, in China, most of the poultry is in the form of b ack y ard p ou ltry or in u n o rg an ised secto r w h ich is not overdependent upon the im ported germ plasm. It is also true in case of Bangladesh and V ietnam w here tw o-thirds of the total egg production com es from rural poultry, w hile in India, the situation is ju st the reverse. So in India, apart from expanding high input intensive poultry production system under organised sector, reorienting and strengthening of rural poultry can be an im p ortant tool for im proving living standards, poverty alleviation and nutritional security of the people belonging to low er strata of the society. Veterinary Council of India's ''M inim um Standards of Veterinary Education Degree Course (BVSc & AH) Regulations, 2008" rightly gave extra em phasis on poultry science education in undergraduate veterinary curricula by introducing two separate courses, viz. 'A vian Production M anagem ent' and 'C om m ercial Poultry Production and Hatchery M anagem ent'. This book entitled Poultry Science and Practice: A Textbook written by Dr Nilotpal Ghosh is unique of its kind as it covers the entire syllabus of two courses framed by the VCI. The basics as well as all the applied aspects of poultry production, including fowl, duck, quail, turkey, Guinea fowl, emu and goose, have been nicely highlighted in the single volum e. It is written in a sim ple language, and a large num ber of objective as well as subjective questions at the end of each chapter will help the students to prepare for their exam inations. I hope because of its contents and style

6 Poultry Science and Practice of presentation, this book would becom e quite popular am ongst students, teachers, animal husbandry extension personnel, progressive poultry keepers and persons w orking in the field of poultry husbandry. The efforts of the author deserve appreciation. D.K. Bagchi Ex-Vlce Chancellor Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal,

7 Preface This book Poultry Science and Practice: A Textbook is actually composed of two parts, viz. Part I: Avian Production M anagem ent and Part II: Com m ercial Poultry Production and Hatchery M anagem ent. This book has been prepared by strictly covering the revised syllabus of two cou rses (LPM -211 and LPM -221) for BV Sc and AH stu dents, fram ed by the Veterinary Council of India, the apex body for veterinary education in India. Such a type of VCI syllabus-oriented textbook is rarely available in India. The text material is presented in a sim ple and lucid language. The inform ation is up-to-date and given in concise form and in such a manner that the book can be used as a substitute for class notes. A large num ber of objective as well as subjective questions given at the end of each chapter is an additional attraction of the book, as the students can prepare themselves for the composite annual exam ination under VCI pattern. For the use of this book in practical fields, all the relevant points in poultry' production including chicken, duck, quail, turkey, Guinea fowl, emu and goose have been highlighted in this text. Besides, the poultry drug index indicating m edicines and vaccines available in the m arket for m aintenance of poultry health, helps a lot to the neovets and practising poultry specialists. W ho will be benefited? This book is primarily m eant for veterinary students of India. It will also help the concerned teachers/dem onstrators of all veterinary colleges/universities in India for offering this course. This book will also be useful for veterinarians, livestock developm ent officers, animal husbandry extension personnel and progressive poultry farmers in India and other tropical countries. Nilotpal Ghosh

8 Acknowledgments It is my im m ense pleasure that this book has ultim ately com e to light. The in fo rm atio n receiv ed from v ario u s so u rces is g ra tefu lly ack n o w led g ed. Bibliography has been given at the end of this book to give due credit to the authors. I extend my thanks to my teachers, relatives, friends and colleagues for their inspiration and motivation. My acknow ledgm ent would be incom plete, if I do not mention the name of mv reverend teachers Prof DN Maitra, Prof L M andal and Prof G Choudhuri, without whose blessings and encouragem ent I could not have completed this work. I also convey my regards to my teachers Prof SC Majumdar, Prof SK Roy, Prof AK Sam anta, Prof S Pan and Prof R Samanta, who nurtured me during my m asters degree study and research. My sincere thanks are due to M r SK Jain, Mr YN Arjuna and their team at CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, for publishing this title. I will wrelcom e any suggestion and observation from students, teachers and other readers which would help in bringing out a revised and improved version of this title. Suggestions may please be sent to my address: gnilotpal@ yahoo.com. Nilotpal Ghosh

9 Contents Foreword by DK Bagchi Preface Abbreviations vii IX xxi Part I: AVIAN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 1. INTRODUCTION INDIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY What is poultry? Importance of poultry Poultry industry development in India Some milestones The institutes/organisations promoting poultry in India Poultry statistics in India Common names of male, female and young ones of various poultry species 13 Exercise BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF POULTRY Classification of poultry Zoological classification of various poultry species Idea about the terms species, class, breed, variety and strain of poultry External body parts of poultry Important classes, breeds and varieties of chicken/fowl Popular crosses of chicken Characteristics of common exotic breeds of chicken Indigenous fowl in India Breeds of duck Characteristics of common breeds of ducks Varieties of quail Varieties of turkey Varieties of Guinea fowl New coloured feathered birds developed for rural poultry in India Varieties of chicken for commercial poultry farming in India 36 Exercise REPRODUCTION IN FOWL AND EGG 3.1 Reproduction in fowl Female reproductive system Male reproductive system

10 Poultry Science and Practice 3.4 Structure of egg Parts of an egg Chemical composition of egg How egg is formed? Types of abnormal egg Grading of egg Preservation of egg 51 Exercise ECONOMIC TRAITS OF POULTRY Important economic traits of poultry Egg production Egg quality Growth rate Feed consumption and feed efficiency Fertility and hatchability Plumage characteristics Comb types 63 Exercise SYSTEMS OF POULTRY KEEPING 5.1 Different systems of poultry keeping Free range system Semi-intensive system Folding unit system Intensive system Raising chickens under scavenging system of management Backyard and semi-intensive units of various sizes 70 Exercise HATCHING, BROODING AND REARING NORMS FOR POULTRY 6.1 What is hatching? Incubation period of various poultry species Methods of hatching natural and artificial Natural hatching Artificial hatching Optimum conditions for artificial hatching of eggs Brooding and rearing practices of chicken Brooding of chicks Feed management for chicks Water management for chicks Light management Brooding and rearing practices for other species of poultry 82 Exercise

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