ETHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CAPTIVE ROOK CORVUS FRUGILEGUS (L.)
|
|
- Regina McKenzie
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Analele Științifice ale Universității Al. I. Cuza Iași, s. Biologie animală, Tom LVII, 2011 ETHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CAPTIVE ROOK CORVUS FRUGILEGUS (L.) Emanuel TÂRNOVEANU Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Faculty of Biology, B-dul Carol I, 20 A, , Iași, Abstract. From a systematic point of view, the rook, [Corvus frugilegus (L.)] is part of the family of Corvids, the Passeriformes class. We captured five juveniles from the wild that we kept in captivity in an aviary of wood and Rabiț net placed in a backyard near the Ciric forest. I observed the feeding behaviour and the cohabitation in a narrow space. The feeding of the juveniles was made four times a day, the food consisting in meat, eggs, cereals, bread, fruits and vegetables. Regarding the preferences for certain type of food, I noticed that the vegetables (the cabbage, the potatoes, the cucumber, the beans and the marrow) are among the favourites and some fruits also (the cherries, the mulberries, the common elder s fruits, the raisins, the blackberries, the wax cherries, the plums, the apples, the water melon) and other fruits (the peaches, the apricots, the sweet cherries) are less appreciated or refused. I also noticed the tendency of hiding the aliments in the clefts of the ground. As regarding the cohabitation I observed a positive interaction between the members of a group of individuals that was formed immediately after they were captured from the wild, and signs of hostility or reservation between those and a recently came neighbour. The peaceful cohabitation was possible due to the fact that the initial group members were gathered together in a coiled up position, for allowing the social interaction and allopreening. Keywords: aliment, shelter, captivity, digging the ground, gestures Rezumat. Aspecte de etologie la cioara de semănătură, Corvus frugilegus (L.), în condiții de captivitate. Din punct de vedere sistematic, cioara de semănătură [Corvus frugilegus (L.)], aparține familiei Corvidae, ordinul Passeriformes. Din natură am capturat cinci juvenili de C. frugilegus pe care i-am ținut în captivitate, într-o volieră construită din lemn și plasă Rabiț amplasată într-o curte din apropierea Pădurii Ciric. Am urmărit comportamentul alimentar și coabitarea în spațiu limitat. Hrănirea juvenililor s-a făcut de patru ori pe zi, hrana fiind constituită din carne, ouă, brânză, cereale, pâine, legume și fructe. În ce privește preferendumul față de un anumit tip de hrană, am constatat că legumele, (varza, cartoful, castravetele, fasolea, dovlecelul), sunt preferate, de asemenea, unele fructe (vișinele, dudele, bobițele de soc, strugurii, murele, corcodușele, prunele, merele, pepenele verde), iar alte fructe (piersicile, caisele, cireșele) sunt mai puțin apreciate sau refuzate. Am observat comportamentul de ascundere a alimentelor în sol, în crăpături. În ce privește coabitarea am observat o interacțiune pozitivă între subiecții dintr-un grup format imediat după capturarea din teren, și una de ostilitate sau rezervată între aceștia și un seamăn nou introdus. Coabitarea pașnică s-a putut înregistra în contextul alăturării membrilor grupului inițial, într-o postură ghemuită, în vederea toaletării sociale. Cuvinte cheie: aliment, adăpostire, captivitate, săparea solului, gesturi Introduction Having a single moment for laying eggs in one year, the rook (Corvus frugilegus) uses the nesting colonies for reproduction only during the spring season and on the beginning of the summer. In the autumn, the nuptial parade takes place and the birds begin to use again their nests. Without following a complete reproductive cycle, they keep visiting the nests regularly, during winter season. The objects of the present study, ethological oriented, are the emancipation aspects the last stage in the reproductive cycle of the Corvus frugilegus species. The behaviour range typical for juveniles was investigated in the context of pseudo-taming of five individuals. Those birds constituted biological material by the time they get young, when they started to show social gestures and sound signals in order to get into contact with the wild, local rooks. During the growing up process the feathering moult took place and the iris colour changed from light blue to grey with brownish nuances
2 Emanuel Târnoveanu Material and methods The ethological studies on Corvus frugilegus species observed in captivity were realised between the 15 th of May 2010 and 27 th of July The origin area of the five young specimens is located in the northern part of the city of Iași, along the Boulevard Carol I, where important concentrations of nesting couple of birds can be encountered. The nesting preference emphasised, preponderantly, in the green areas between the building of the Romanian Academy Iași branch and the Super Copou Store, with big, old trees. In order to comply with the aims of ethological research of the rook in captivity, the individuals juveniles of 32 days old were tamed using the method called feeding from hand. Their food consisted on cheese, boiled eggs, chicken gizzards, fruits (mulberries, cherries and summer apples), vegetables (cucumbers, cabbage, salad, potatoes, and long pod beans), cereals and bread. The birds were kept in an aviary made of wood and Rabiț net, having 3.5 m in length, 2.5 m wide and 2 m high (Fig. 1). As a refuge the birds have at their disposal a cage made of wooden boards and Rabiț net, 115 cm in length, 78.5 cm wide and 100 cm high and placed on the ground (Fig. 2). Both the aviary and the cage were equipped with resting accessories (slats and branches) and food and water containers (glass and porcelain vessels). As a bath tub the birds received a plastic 2 litre basin. In order to record images we used a LUMIX DMC-FZ35 Panasonic photo camera, with an angle of 27 mm wide, 18x optic zoom and LEICA DC lens with F2.8 brightness. Figure 1. Wooden and Rabiț net aviary used for taking care of captive rook. Figure 2. Cage made of wood and Rabiț net for sheltering the captive rook. Results and discussions On 15 th of May 2010 the Corvus frugilegus juveniles encountered in the wild had their growth feathers incomplete. That was the reason for which they could not fly (Fig. 3). Their eyes presented a blue colour; their beaks had partially black pigmentation. The flight feathers, made of remiges and retrices, remain unchanged till the adult age, i.e. 2 years old (Richards, 1976a). Post juvenile moult takes place from summer till autumn, inclusive September, to be more precise and regards only the cover feathers, with metallic reflexes (Fig. 4). The buccal colour in adult birds is dark grey, in juveniles is pink. In the case of juveniles, the tongue, the palatine veil and the buccal floor acquire dark spots during the moult process. That is also when the colour of their eyes changes, from a greyish blue to brown (Dunnet et al., 1971). Our observations over the moult process emphasise the fact that the sense of growth of replacement feathers is from the ventral plan to the dorsal one. First the moult of the body occurs, than of the head, and finally the moult of the posterior neck occurs
3 Analele Științifice ale Universității Al. I. Cuza Iași, s. Biologie animală, Tom LVII, 2011 Figure 3. Juvenile of the Corvus frugilegus species, with the growth feathers incomplete. Figure 4. Young rook, Corvus frugilegus species individual, after post-juvenile moult. In case of the Corvus frugilegus juveniles, the typical method of displaying the stimulation of food searching behaviour of the parents consist in uttering long, strong, nasal cries and in trembling wing gestures (Fig. 5). Figure 5. Manifestations of the juveniles while soliciting food: the wings are trembling and the beak is wide open
4 Emanuel Târnoveanu We recorded, in pseudo-taming circumstances (Cociu, 1999), the domination of high inflexions in the voice of the subjects, different from the natural ones, which can be corroborated with the absence of the wing trembling. The juveniles show the food solicitation posture when they encounter themselves in the presence of the keeper. The sounds used for establishing contact inside the group, had, by comparison, a solemn tonality. While the sounds were uttered, some ritual gestures were noticed bowing the head, filling the interclavicular air sac, swelling the feathers of the neck, spreading out the tail and striking the ground with their beak actions that were performed while walking as well as while staying. Subsequent to the above-mentioned gestures, the couple cohabitation behaviour model was established, generally concretized by gestures of preening the feathers of the partner, also known as allopreening (or mutual preening) and by food soliciting (Richards, 1976b). Nevertheless, the component of the food transfer was not observed. To the sounds uttered by other wild rooks that were flying above the aviary, the subjects responded with long cries, according the behaviour pattern of reference to their parents. On the 5 th of June 2010 one of the juveniles died and it was replaced with another. The hostile reaction of the subjects of the initial group towards the new comer bird that appeared at that date manifested through lowering their heads and ruffling the dorsal feathers. Subsequently, gestures of submission to the new comer rook were noticed, and they were materialized by hissing while laid on a side. The most intense conflicts were observed when the rival birds were frontally exposed in the narrow space of the sheltering cage. In the conditions of feeding together those five rooks, the tendency of depriving the new came bird of its portion by one of the individuals from the initial group was observed. When leaving the nest, around 32 days old, the juveniles had reduced motility. At the beginning of the emancipation period, they fly short distances, from one branch to another, or between two close trees, inside the colony, where they wait for their parents to bring the food. During the last two nesting weeks their flight feathers develop, which allows them to fly actively, near their parents, in search for food. Initially, the juveniles eat preponderantly fruit, but later on they learn to catch invertebrate creatures such as caterpillar, spiders etc. By digging the spongy ground, with its beak, the rook locates earthworms, in their galleries (Lockie, 1956). Inside the aviary the pseudo-tamed rooks dig out species like Lumbricus and Allolobophora. In case of Corvus frugilegus species, the feeding behaviour includes keeping the aliments with its foot and dividing it into fragments in order to eat it, by moving and clacking its beak. By doing this the rook removes the fruits husks and the nuts shells. The Corvus frugilegus species is omnivorous with granivore prevalence (Comănescu, 1997). Once the rook soothes its hunger, the bird transports the food remainders, on its beak, or in a sublingual enlargement, in order to deposits it in the litter or among the blades of grass that cover the ground in order to eat it later. From the food motivated actions we noticed the active search for invertebrates in the vegetation or in the ground (by digging) and hiding the food deposits in the litter. In the wild, Corvus frugilegus eats the eggs and chicks of the collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto). The collared dove harasses the rook when spots it on its nesting territory in order to force it to retreat. The Corvus frugilegus juveniles we looked after were once attacked by a collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) on the roof of the aviary, according to this strategy of defending the nest. The periods of activity during the day alternate with resting and sleeping periods. Each two hours the juveniles were fed and allowed to explore the environment; these moments were followed by sequences of sleep when they perch on one leg, on a suspended support (tree, building)
5 Analele Științifice ale Universității Al. I. Cuza Iași, s. Biologie animală, Tom LVII, 2011 During the resting periods, rooks regurgitate pellets (Czarnecka & Kitowski, 2010), containing remains of undigested food (skin and husks from fruits, leaf nervures, cereal hulls) and little rocks. The cloudy weather has a negative influence on the activity of the rook, because food consumption is reduced. During hot summer days rooks get themselves wet by means of vigorous shaking movements of the head and wings in the water. The bathing is not continuous; the birds return to the dry ground from time to time and smooth out or arrange their feathers with their beak and claws. Rubbing the eyes against the wing is part of this behaviour register. When the bird is scratching, the eyes are protected from the claws by the nictitant membrane. When it rains the birds use the secretion produced by the uropygial gland; they spread it with the beak and lubricate the entire body with the help of specific wing movements in order to get their feathers impermeable. On a sunny day, when they tend to overheat, rooks open their beaks and hold their wings down and away in order to refresh themselves. Besides the dipsic behaviour (Acatincăi, 2003) we noticed that when the rooks used the water trough for drinking water, the food was dipped and agitated in a ludic manner. Non alimentary materials like lumps of earth, litter fragments and even undigested food were dipped in the water. The ingestion of pulverizing material was sustained by drinking water; this made the deglutition much easier. Together with the water tiny fragments of old bricks were swallowed. From ludic behaviour repertoire I noticed branch grasping; the branches were then introduced inside the refuge cage, being assimilated to a nesting space. In captivity, Corvus frugilegus develops a special curiosity towards the opening and closing system of the cage, which it controls with the help of its beak. Surveying territory gestures appeared together with the tendency of nocturnal movement in order to identify fellow rooks flying to the gathering places for sleep large green areas with big trees, in the northern part of the city of Iași ( Anastasie Fătu Botanical Garden). The flight of the rook is noisy as a consequence of the wings vibration. After being released (on 23 rd of July 2010), the rooks demonstrated efficiency and spontaneity in flight. Although they were free to go the birds continued to turn back to the aviary in which they were taken care of for 4 days. After that they returned to the wild. The final departure was preceded by a circular flight over the trees situated near our aviary. In our opinion that flight was in a certain manner a sign of communication with the keeper whom the pseudo-tamed rooks became considerably attached. The attachment was conditioned by the constant feeding. In the context of retreat flights for sleep, in the evening, the wild rooks demonstrate a tendency to always relate to their nesting areas, by rotating in the air. In case of our experiment, the aviary where they were looked after resembled with a nesting colony (27 th of July 2010). Conclusions During the emancipation period the Corvus frugilegus juveniles presented distinctive signs to be recognized in the field: their feathers moulted, they flew shorter distances comparing to the adult birds, they showed a special curiosity when exploring, they preferred fruits and the food dipped in the water, they introduced in their ludic behaviour the nest building component, they followed the adult birds during the nights displacements, interacted by means of allopreening and by means of food solicitation, as a group and individually (one from another). The ethological aspects that relate to emancipation would have been impossible to observe in natural conditions because they are not precisely located in a certain territory; the rooks are adopting a wandering life style when leaving their colonies
6 Emanuel Târnoveanu Acknowledgements To research activities that are the subject of this article were carried out with financial support POSDRU/88/1.5/S/47646 project, financed by European Social Fund, the Human Resources Development Operational Programme References Acatincăi, S., Etologie: Comportamentul animalelor domestice, Editura EUROBIT, Timișoara. Comănescu, G., Elemente de morfologie animală. Tractusul digestiv la păsări, Editura Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iași. Czarnecka, J., Kitowski, I., Seed dispersal by the rook Corvus frugilegus L. in agricultural landscape mechanisms and ecological importance. Polish Journal of Ecology, 58 (3): Cociu, M., Etologie. Comportamentul animal, Editura All, București. Dunnet, G.M., Fordham, R.A., Patterson, I.J., Ecological studies of the rook (Corvus frugilegus L.) in north-east Scotland. Proportion and distribution of young in the population. Journal of Applied Ecology, 8 (3): Lockie, J.D., The Food and Feeding Behaviour of the Jackdaw, Rook and Carrion Crow. Journal of Animal Ecology, 25 (2): Richards, P.R., 1976a. The Onset of Moult in the Rook. Bird Study, 23 (3): 212. Richards, P.R., 1976b. Pair Formation and Pair Bond in Captive Rooks. Bird Study, 23 (3):
ETHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ROOK (CORVUS FRUGILEGUS L.) IN THE WILD AND IN SEMI-CAPTIVITY
Analele Științifice ale Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIX, 2013 ETHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE ROOK (CORVUS FRUGILEGUS L.) IN THE WILD AND IN SEMI-CAPTIVITY Emanuel TÂRNOVEANU
More informationINTERACTIONS OF CORVUS FRUGILEGUS (L.) WITH THE KEEPER
Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIV, 2008 INTERACTIONS OF CORVUS FRUGILEGUS (L.) WITH THE KEEPER Emanuel TÂRNOVEANU Al. I. Cuza University Iaşi, Faculty
More informationthe Greek words for Love + Bird = Lovebird.Lovebirds can be classified as aggressive birds to other birds as well as their own species.
LOVEBIRDS - belong to the genus Agapornis. Agapornis = Agape + Ornis, the Greek words for Love + Bird = Lovebird.Lovebirds can be classified as aggressive birds to other birds as well as their own species.
More informationSlide 1 NO NOTES. Slide 2 NO NOTES. Slide 3 NO NOTES. Slide 4 NO NOTES. Slide 5
Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 Left is broiler (for meat) bird (Cobb/Ross), have different nutritional needs to layers. From chick to kill can be as little as 34 days. Commercial layer (ends up
More informationIf you were able to say the above statements out loud and in all honesty, you might just be able to welcome this type of parrot into your home.
Indian Ringneck Psittacula krameri manillensis FACT SHEET Developed by BirdTricks.com Indian Ringnecks are known for being nippy birds; however, any bird can earn this reputation, and as long as raised
More informationParrots, Budgerigars and Cockatiels
Full of advice for caring for your pet Your guide to Parrots, Budgerigars and Cockatiels Jollyes, only the best for you and your pets www.jollyes.co.uk Are you ready? The parrot family consists of Parakeets,
More informationBack to basics - Accommodating birds in the laboratory setting
Back to basics - Accommodating birds in the laboratory setting Penny Hawkins Research Animals Department, RSPCA, UK Helping animals through welfare science Aim: to provide practical information on refining
More informationThis Coloring Book has been adapted for the Wildlife of the Table Rocks
This Coloring Book has been adapted for the Wildlife of the Table Rocks All images and some writing belong to: Additional writing by: The Table Rocks Environmental Education Program I became the national
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS AFTER EEP-VCF STAFF VISIT AT THE PARCO NATURA VIVA
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS AFTER EEP-VCF STAFF VISIT AT THE PARCO NATURA VIVA Following the proposal from Parco Natura Viva (PNV) to change one of their Bearded vultures birds, supposing an erroneous
More informationIf you were able to say the above statements out loud and in all honesty, you might just be able to welcome this type of parrot into your home.
Lovebird Agapornis fischeri FACT SHEET Developed by BirdTricks.com Although Lovebirds can be sweet and loving, their name comes from how they interact in pairs and stay together, sitting side by side,
More informationReptiles and amphibian behaviour
Reptiles and amphibian behaviour Understanding how a healthy reptile and amphibian should look and act takes a lot of observation and practice. Reptiles and amphibians have behaviour that relates to them
More informationThey arguably have the most beautiful song of all the birds. They especially like to sing after rain. Buzzard
To borrow... Feel free to borrow this guide for your visit today, but do return it so that others can enjoy it too. Stowe's bird guide Which birds can you spot when you're out and about? You might want
More information( 162 ) SOME BREEDING-HABITS OF THE LAPWING.
( 162 ) SOME BREEDING-HABITS OF THE LAPWING. BY R. H. BROWN. THESE notes on certain breeding-habits of the Lapwing (Vanettus vanellus) are based on observations made during the past three years in Cumberland,
More informationCare of psittacines: basic principles part 2
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Care of psittacines: basic principles part 2 Author : Clare Jones Categories : Clinical, RVNs Date : February 7, 2017 ABSTRACT
More informationCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS AFTER EEP-VCF STAFF VISIT AT THE POZNAN ZOO
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS AFTER EEP-VCF STAFF VISIT AT THE POZNAN ZOO Following the proposal from the EEP to transfer the alone staying Bearded Vulture female from Plock Zoo to Richard Faust Breeding
More informationMANAGING AVIARY SYSTEMS TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL RESULTS. TOPICS:
MANAGING AVIARY SYSTEMS TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL RESULTS. TOPICS: Housing system System design Minimiza2on of stress Ligh2ng Ven2la2on Feed run 2mes Feed placement Watering Water placement Perch Scratch material
More information4-H Small Animals. Birds Gerbils Hamsters Mice Reptiles
4-H Small Animals Birds Gerbils Hamsters Mice Reptiles 4-H Small Animal Project Introduction Raising and caring for small animal pets can be lots of fun and also educational. There are many different kinds
More informationScience10 (AdaptationsMulberry4th)
Name: Date: 1. Which bird's foot below is best for grasping prey? A. B. C. D. This online assessment item contains material that has been released to the public by the Massachusetts Department of Education.
More informationBreeding White Storks( Ciconia ciconia at Chessington World of Adventures Paul Wexler
Breeding White Storks(Ciconia ciconia) at Chessington World of Adventures Paul Wexler The White Stork belongs to the genus Ciconia of which there are seven other species incorporated predominantly throughout
More informationHusbandry Guidelines Name Species Prepared by
Husbandry Guidelines Name Species Prepared by 1. ACQUISITION AND ACCLIMATIZATION Status of wild population Status current captive population Sources of birds Acclimatization procedures Weighing Feeding
More informationMental stim ulation it s not just for dogs!! By Danielle Middleton- Beck BSc hons, PGDip CABC
Milo, Congo African Grey by Elaine Henley Mental stim ulation it s not just for dogs!! By Danielle Middleton- Beck BSc hons, PGDip CABC Dexter, Green Iguana by Danielle Middleton-Beck Exotic pets include
More informationNQF Level: 1 US No:
NQF Level: 1 US No: 116190 Assessment Guide Primary Agriculture Recognise Defensive Behaviour in Animals Assessor:............................................ Workplace / Company:..................................
More informationBy: Rinke Berkenbosch
By: Rinke Berkenbosch All domesticated ducks originate from the Mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos), except the domesticated Muscovy duck; which is a fully domesticated variety of the wild Muscovy duck (Cairina
More informationIguana aggression. A relaxed green iguana. Defensive aggression
Iguana aggression Iguanas are still wild animals, they are not domestic animals, and they have just been tamed to enable them to fit into a human lifestyle. Ideally iguanas should be housed in a large
More informationYear 6 English Reading Comprehension Time: 50 mins. English Reading Comprehension. Total: 30 marks
HALF YEARLY EXAMINATIONS Maria Regina College Scholastic Year 2016/2017 Year 6 English Reading Comprehension Time: 50 mins English Reading Comprehension Total: 30 marks Name: Class: School: Total mark
More informationAtlantic Puffins By Guy Belleranti
Flying over my head are plump seabirds with brightly colored beaks and feet. Each bird's pigeonsized body looks a little like a football with wings. The wings are too small for gliding. However, by flapping
More informationAustralasian Grebes: Little Grebes big attitude! Images and text by Ian and Jill Brown
Australasian Grebes: Little Grebes big attitude! Images and text by Ian and Jill Brown (The copyright of all images remains with the authors) The lakes were shared by a range of other waterbirds, as well
More informationFrom mountain to sea. A Survivor s Guide to Living with Urban Gulls
From mountain to sea A Survivor s Guide to Living with Urban Gulls 1 The Gull Problem Growing numbers of Lesser Black-backed and Herring gulls now build nests on the roofs of homes and businesses in towns
More informationEnrichments for captive Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) in Zuleta, North Ecuador. Yann Potaufeu (2014)
Enrichments for captive Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) in Zuleta, North Ecuador Yann Potaufeu (2014) 1 Introduction Over recent decades, enrichment has been shown to be an important component for the well-being
More informationCIWF Response to the Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply Study April 2015
CIWF Response to the Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply Study April 2015 The Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply study seeks to understand the sustainability impacts of three laying hen housing systems
More information> BACK TO CONTENTS PAGE
Human interaction: previously pursued for their feathers; nowadays farmed for meat. In the wild they will attack if threatened (treacherous kick); passive in captive environments. If raised, they may display
More informationCoccyzus minor (Mangrove Cuckoo)
Coccyzus minor (Mangrove Cuckoo) Family: Cuculidae (Cuckoos and Anis) Order: Cuculiformes (Cuckoos, Anis and Turacos) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor. [http://birds.audubon.org/birds/mangrove-cuckoo,
More informationAnimal Adaptations Woodland Animal Fact Sheet
Post Visit Resource 5 Animal Adaptations Woodland Animal Fact Sheet Fox Food: Foxes will eat almost anything they can get hold of. They eat small mammals such as rabbits and voles, insects and invertebrates,
More informationWhat Makes a Bird a Bird?
What Makes a Bird a Bird? Overview Students will compare types of feathers by examining structure and function of each. California Science Standards Grade 5: 6.g.-I&E Grade 6: 7.b.-I&E Grade 7: 7.a.-I&E
More informationAGGRESSIVE DISPLAY OF THE CORN-CRAKE.
163 AGGRESSIVE DISPLAY OF THE CORN-CRAKE. BY A. G. MASON THE accompanying photographs of the aggressive display of the Corn-Crake (Crex crex) were obtained by calling a bird up to a mirror. The technique
More informationBreeding Activity Peak Period Range Duration (days) Laying May May 2 to 26. Incubation Early May to mid June Early May to mid June 30 to 34
Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus 1. INTRODUCTION s have a circumpolar distribution, breeding in Fennoscandia, Arctic Russia, Alaska, northern Canada and northeast Greenland. They are highly nomadic and may migrate
More informationDRONCA D. Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, Timişoara, România
Lucrări ştiinńifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 41 (2) (2008), Timişoara PROPOSALS FOR OPTIMISATION THE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE PHASIANUS COLCHICUS COLCHICUS POPULATION FROM PIŞCHIA
More informationBy: Dr. Antje Mewes, Andreas Frei, Jan Dams, Gerardus Scheres. Weltvogelpark Walsrode, Germany.
By: Dr. Antje Mewes, Andreas Frei, Jan Dams, Gerardus Scheres. Weltvogelpark Walsrode, Germany. Above: Red Flamingos entering their enclosure for the night. The sun slowly sets down, turning the blue sky
More informationFlip through the next few pages for a checklist of five of the more common, sinister summer scoundrels that you ll find throughout Arizona!
From the tundra near Flagstaff and the high mountain forests in the Rockies to the chaparral bordering California and the well-known desert, Arizona is a state of vast variation, home to a wide range of
More informationK-5a Images: Mystery Animal Cards
Clues for American Crow: I have wings made of black feathers. I have a strong black beak. I eat many things including seeds, and insects, and left over lunches. I am very smart and sometimes tricky. I
More informationTrunk Contents. Crane Flight Feathers (3)
Trunk Contents Learning occurs not only with the mind, but also with the eyes, the hands the whole child (or adult!). Items contained in the trunk are meant to be examined, handled, and shared with your
More informationCrotophaga major (Greater Ani)
Crotophaga major (Greater Ani) Family: Cuculidae (Cuckoos and Anis) Order: Cuculiformes (Cuckoos, Anis and Turacos) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Greater ani, Crotophaga major. [http://www.birdforum.net/opus/greater_ani,
More informationBehaviour of cats and dogs
Behaviour of cats and dogs Unlike cats, dogs are social animals living in packs. Dogs normally live in a group with a well developed social hierarchy and communicate by sight, sound, smell and use of body
More informationVertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton.
Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone and an endoskeleton. The backbone replaces the notochord and contains bones called vertebrae. An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton that protects
More informationCHAPTER 3 EATING HABIT OF ANIMALS
JABAL FARASAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, RABEGH KSA Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi SCIENCE-CLASS III-CHAPTER-WISE WORKSHEET-2 STUDENT NAME... ROLL NO. DATE CHAPTER 3 EATING HABIT OF ANIMALS I. FILL IN THE BLANKS
More informationOWNERS AND APPROPRIATORS
OWNERS AND APPROPRIATORS Nature stories for young readers vidya and rajaram sharma Other titles SWORN TO SECRECY THE LONG AND SHORT OF IT MYSTERY OF THE FOUR EGGS BIRDS OF DIFFERENT FEATHERS I was dumbstruck
More informationHatching Chicks in the Classroom
Hatching Chicks in the Classroom Table of contents Part 1: Preparing for Incubation Part 2: Egg Activity Part 3: During Incubation Part 4: Hatching Part 5: After Hatching Part 6: Chicks and Chickens Glossary
More informationBird Species Fact Sheets
MODULE 1: LEARNING ABOUT BIRDS Bird Species Fact Sheets The following fact sheets cover 4 different birds, Blue tit, Chaffinch, Sand martin and House martin. These 4 species are featured because they can
More informationInterim Madge Lake Loon Survey August 2016
Interim Madge Lake Loon Survey August 2016 Doug Welykholowa Nancy and I were joined by Sharon Korb and Kevin Streat for our latest loon count on Saturday, 27 August. Waters were calm, and we went out later
More information(340) PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF SOME LESS FAMILIAR BIRDS. LIX. NIGHT HERON.
(340) PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF SOME LESS FAMILIAR BIRDS. LIX. NIGHT HERON. Photographed by C. C. DONCASTER, H. A. PATRICK, V. G. ROBSON AND G. K. YEATES. (Plates 53-59). THE Night Heron {Nycticordx nycticorax)
More informationWho s having a Healthy Christmas?
Use the information provided to place the characters in order, 1 6, depending on who you think is having the healthiest Christmas. Discuss your choices with your friends and explain how and why you made
More informationExploring Other Animals
Lesson B2 14 Exploring Other Animals Unit B. Animal Science and the Industry Problem Area 2. Identifying and Understanding the Segments of the Animal Science Industry Lesson 14. Exploring Other Animals
More informationHow to paint a charm of Finches
How to paint a charm of Finches. What You Need: CMMD9012 Mont Marte Double Thick Canvas 91 x 121cm MPB0011 Mont Marte Taklon Angle # 12 BMHs 0009 Mont Marte Gallery Series Brush Set MCG0059 Mont Marte
More informationComparing Life Cycles
Image from Wikimedia Commons Pre-Visit Activity Grade Two Comparing Life Cycles Specific Learning Outcomes 2-1-01: Use appropriate vocabulary related to the investigations of growth and changes in animals.
More informationBreeding and Managing Pheasants
The World Pheasant Association Breeding and Managing Pheasants John Corder ISBN No: 978 0 906864 16 6 Copyright 2011 World Pheasant Association Published by the World Pheasant Association, Newcastle upon
More informationHow To Make Sure Your Parrot Gets Up To 12 Hours Of Play Time Every Day
How To Make Sure Your Parrot Gets Up To 12 Hours Of Play Time Every Day And You Don t Even Have To Supervise Him Welcome! I was really excited to sit down and write this special report for you today, because
More informationAlso known as the little corella, short-billed corella.
Bare-eyed cockatoo Cacatua sanguinea Indonesia Also known as the little corella, short-billed corella. Bare-eyed cockatoos are medium sized white cockatoos with short white recumbent crests. The eye rings
More informationA Rhode Island Non-Profit Organization Bearded Dragon Care
www.rirescue.org A Rhode Island Non-Profit Organization Bearded Dragon Care Bearded dragons are solitary lizards of the Agama family who originate from the grasslands of Australia and spend most of their
More informationBlue-crowned Laughingthrush Dryonastes courtoisi Artificial Incubation and Hand Rearing Protocol At Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, UK
Blue-crowned Laughingthrush Dryonastes courtoisi Artificial Incubation and Hand Rearing Protocol At Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire, UK Andrew Owen & Ian Edmans Incubation Blue-crowned Laughingthrush
More informationNZ Federation Clubs Newsletter
NZ Federation Clubs Newsletter July 2012 Another show season is almost complete with only the Grand National in Christchurch left on the show calendar; hopefully most of you have tasted some success on
More informationKori Bustard Husbandry. Sara Hallager, Biologist, Smithsonian National Zoological Park
Kori Bustard Husbandry Sara Hallager, Biologist, Smithsonian National Zoological Park Ardeotis kori 2 subspecies [?] Africa s largest flying bird Captive males: 12-19kg Seasonal weight gain up to 4kg Captive
More informationSmall Mammal (SMAM) Buddy Buddy Center Volunteer Training Manual
Small Mammal (SMAM) Buddy Buddy Center Volunteer Training Manual Thank you for choosing to be a Small Mammal (SMAM) Buddy! This manual will help you understand the basics of volunteering with SMAMs at
More informationThe Oysterbed Site Image Log
Sunday, 23 May 2010. The Black-headed Gulls were still bringing nesting material to South Island. The Oystercatchers are changing over on incubation duty. The bird on the right is relieving its partner
More informationGuinea Pig Adoption Policy
Guinea Pig Adoption Policy Thank you for considering adopting a rescue guinea pig. The Centre has seen an increase in the number of guinea pigs needing to be rehomed and we are now taking over 90 each
More informationOwl Pellet Dissection A Study of Food Chains & Food Webs
NAME Owl Pellet Dissection A Study of Food Chains & Food Webs INTRODUCTION: Owl pellets are masses of bone, teeth, hair, feathers and exoskeletons of various animals preyed upon by raptors, or birds of
More informationAnhinga anhinga (Anhinga or Snake-bird)
Anhinga anhinga (Anhinga or Snake-bird) Family Anhingidae (Anhingas and Darters) Order: Pelecaniformes (Pelicans and Allied Waterbirds) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga. [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/anhinga_anhinga/,
More informationScholarship 2012 Biology
93101Q 931012 S Scholarship 2012 Biology 2.00 pm Saturday 10 November 2012 Time allowed: Three hours Total marks: 24 QUESTION BOOKLET There are THREE questions in this booklet. Answer ALL questions. Write
More informationETHOLOGICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE BREEDING OF THE LONG-EARED OWL (ASIO OTUS L.)
ETHOLOGICAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE BREEDING OF THE LONG-EARED OWL (ASIO OTUS L.) Emanuel TÂRNOVEANU Independent researcher, 88 Vasile Lupu Str., Bl. Z, 2 nd floor, 700341, Iasi, Romania, emantarn@yahoo.com
More information(135) OBSERVATIONS IN A ROOKERY DURING THE INCUBATION PERIOD C. M. OGILVIE.
(135) OBSERVATIONS IN A ROOKERY DURING THE INCUBATION PERIOD BY C. M. OGILVIE. METHOD OF OBSERVATION. FOR the purpose of the observations here described a clear day was chosen and a date when incubation
More informationPEOPLE AND FARM ANIMALS
PEOPLE AND FARM ANIMALS A person is the owner of an animal. Does that mean he can do anything he likes with it? Read the following three opinions. Which one do you like best? Opinion A: A human is the
More informationPost-Activity. (Bird Beaks) Pre-K Guidelines/Examples of Child Behavior. Learning Objectives
Pre-K Guidelines/Examples of Child Behavior Learning Objectives VI.B.1. Child observes, investigates, describes and discusses the characteristics of organisms. Describes color, size, and shape of organisms.
More informationGarden Birds. Blackbird Latin Name: Turdus merula
Whether you live in a village, town or city, you will have seen British garden birds in your garden, school grounds or local park. The UK is lucky enough to have many native garden birds. Let s find out
More informationCheetah Outreach Animal Enrichment Plan
Cheetah Outreach Animal Enrichment Plan We can improve the welfare of our animals by using environmental and behavioral enrichment to enhance their physical, social, cognitive and psychological well being.
More informationParrot Husbandry. Lovebirds. Environment
Parrot Husbandry Parrots make amazing pets as long as you ensure that you have the time and energy to care for them properly. As there are many different species available, all with different personalities
More informationHamster.LifeTips.com
Hamster.LifeTips.com Category: Breeding Subcategory: Fertility Tip: female ready to check if a female hamster is ready for mating run two fingers along her back. she will freeze and her little tail will
More informationDacnis cayana (Blue Dacnis or Turquoise Honeycreeper)
Dacnis cayana (Blue Dacnis or Turquoise Honeycreeper) Family: Thraupidae (Tanagers and Honeycreepers) Order: Passeriformes (Perching Birds) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig.1. Blue dacnis, Dacnis cayana, male (top)
More informationReproducing: Cockroaches hatch from eggs. See if you can spot the smallest cockroach in the enclosure.
Madagascan Hissing Cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) These cockroaches come from the rainforests of Madagascar. They live on the forest floor and in the trees. Moving: Most cockroaches have wings
More informationHUSBANDRY STANDARDS FOR CAPTIVE BEARS IN HO CHI MINH CITY
HUSBANDRY STANDARDS FOR CAPTIVE BEARS IN HO CHI MINH CITY INTRODUCTION This information booklet has been put together with several aims. Firstly, it aims to educate both FPD officials and bear keepers
More informationREARING LAYING HENS IN A BARN SYSTEM WITHOUT BEAK TRIMMING: THE RONDEEL EXAMPLE
REARING LAYING HENS IN A BARN SYSTEM WITHOUT BEAK TRIMMING: THE RONDEEL EXAMPLE BACKGROUND: BEAK TRIMMING AND FEATHER PECKING IN LAYING HENS Injurious feather pecking is a major welfare problem in laying
More informationBudgie. Pet questions. Name... Date...
questions for someone else to answer. Remember that the answers must Budgie Budgies are brightly coloured birds that come from Australia. They should be kept in a wire cage but allowed to fly around each
More informationCiccaba virgata (Mottled Owl)
Ciccaba virgata (Mottled Owl) Family: Strigidae (Typical Owls) Order: Strigiformes (Owls) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Mottled owl, Ciccaba virgata. [http://www.owling.com/mottled13.htm, downloaded 12 November
More informationLearn About Raccoons by Created by Lit Mama Homeschool
Learn About Raccoons by Raccoons, with their bandit masks and sweet faces, are often thought of as pests. They dig through the garbage, eat the dog s food, and cause a general ruckus if you leave food
More informationWHAT DOES A BARN OWL LOOK LIKE?
BARN OWL PELLET LAB WHAT DOES A BARN OWL LOOK LIKE? White heart shaped face Whitish belly with dark spots Upper body golden with dark flecks Dark brown eyes Body Length: 15 to 21 inches; long legs Wing
More informationFor further information on the biology and ecology of this species, Clarke (1996) provides a comprehensive account.
Circus pygargus 1. INTRODUCTION Montagu s harriers are rare in Britain and Ireland, breeding regularly only in central, southeast, southwest and east England (Ogilvie & RBBP, 2004; Holling & RBBP, 2008).
More informationSocializing Shy or Feral Cats A Guide for Austin Pets Alive! Foster Parents and Adopters. January, 2014
Socializing Shy or Feral Cats A Guide for Austin Pets Alive! Foster Parents and Adopters January, 2014 Austin Pets Alive! Cat Behavior Team cat-behavior-team@austinpetsalive.org Working with a shy, under-socialized,
More informationProcnias averano (Bearded Bellbird)
Procnias averano (Bearded Bellbird) Family: Cotingidae (Bellbirds and Cotingas) Order: Passeriformes (Perching Birds) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Bearded bellbird, Procnias averano. [http://www.oiseaux.net/photos/steve.garvie/bearded.bellbird.5.html
More informationFull of advice for caring for your pet. Your guide to Degus. Jollyes, only the best for you and your pets.
Full of advice for caring for your pet Your guide to Degus Jollyes, only the best for you and your pets www.jollyes.co.uk Are you ready? Degus originate from Chile where they live in large colonies in
More informationCorn Snake Care Sheet
Corn Snake Care Sheet Temperament With the odd exception, Corn Snakes are calm, docile, placid snakes that are hardy and thrive very well in captivity. Due to their temperament Corn Snakes are a recommended
More informationNovember Creation. Teaching Aids Needed:
Creation Learn what God made on day 4. Day 4 Then God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days,
More informationFact Sheet 6. Breeding Cages
Fact Sheet 6 Breeding Cages This fact sheet details the housing requirements for breeding birds, covering areas such as breeding cage sizes, equipment and cleaning. BUDGERIGARS Cage Sizes If you want to
More informationANIMAL BEHAVIOR. Laboratory: a Manual to Accompany Biology. Saunders College Publishing: Philadelphia.
PRESENTED BY KEN Yasukawa at the 2007 ABS Annual Meeting Education Workshop Burlington VT ANIMAL BEHAVIOR Humans have always been interested in animals and how they behave because animals are a source
More informationThe 1999 EU Hens Directive bans the conventional battery cage from 2012.
PS/MJ/BR9718 April 2002 ENRICHED CAGES FOR EGG-LAYING HENS B R I E F I N G EU ban on the conventional battery cage The 1999 EU Hens Directive bans the conventional battery cage from 2012. The ban is well
More information(82) FIELD NOTES ON THE LITTLE GREBE.
(82) FIELD NOTES ON THE LITTLE GREBE. BY P. H. TRAHAIR HARTLEY. THE following observations on the Little Grebe (Podiceps r. ruficollis) were made at Fetcham Pond, near Leatherhead, in Surrey, during the
More informationExplorer Workbook. north slope borough school district NAME
north slope borough school district Explorer Workbook Alaska Native Education Program North Slope Borough Schol District 1849 Momeganna Street Barrow, Alaska 99723 www.nsbsd.org/anep 907-852-9771 907-852-9675
More informationNATURA CAGE-FREE. Modern aviary system for barn and free range egg production
NATURA CAGE-FREE Modern aviary system for barn and free range egg production NATURA aviary systems for layers: Flexible, efficient, user and bird friendly NATURA a well-established and proven system, which
More information( 142 ) NOTES ON THE GREAT NORTHERN DIVER.
( 142 ) NOTES ON THE GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. BY ERIC B. DUNXOP. THE Great Northern Diver (Gavia immer) is best known in the British Isles as a winter-visitor, though in the Orkneys I have frequently seen
More informationAviary Sizes. This fact sheet details the requirements for housing birds in aviaries. Fact Sheet 3
Fact Sheet 3 Aviary Sizes This fact sheet details the requirements for housing birds in aviaries. BUDGERIGARS If you have a garden an aviary is an ideal place to house and breed budgerigars. The size of
More informationStudy Island. Generation Date: 04/01/2014 Generated By: Cheryl Shelton Title: GRADE 2 Science in the content areas
Study Island Copyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 04/01/2014 Generated By: Cheryl Shelton Title: GRADE 2 Science in the content areas This Giant Panda, Moo, is a gift from China
More informationBrevdueNord.dk. The moult and side issues Author: Verheecke Marc - Foto Degrave Martin.
BrevdueNord.dk This article are shown with permission from: http://www.pipa.be/ The moult and side issues Author: Verheecke Marc - Foto Degrave Martin Last week I had a visit from my veterinarian. He did
More informationArdea herodias (Great Blue Heron)
Ardea herodias (Great Blue Heron) Family: Ardeidae (Herons and Egrets) Order: Ciconiiformes (Storks, Herons and Ibises) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig.1. Great blue heron, Ardea herodias. [http://birdingbec.blogspot.com,
More information